Analysis on distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in atmospheric fine particulate matter in two urban districts of Kunming City from 2017-2019

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of atmospheric fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） and the concentration level and pollution sourcesin two urban districts of Kunming City，provide scientific basis for health protection，effective intervention measures and reduction of health hazards caused by air pollution. Methods From 2017 to 2019，the PM_2.5 samples were collected from platforms 15 m above the ground within 2 km of the state-controlled ambient air quality monitoring stations in two urban areas of Kunming City from 10th to 16th of each month，to measure their mass concentrations and analyze the concentration levels of 12 heavy metals. The source of heavy metals pollution was analyzed by enrichment factor method. Results The average daily concentration of PM_2.5 was 8-89 μg/m³in the two urban areas of Kunming City from 2017 to 2019，and the median annual concentration was 27，31 and 22 μg/m³，respectively.The seasonal distribution of concentration was spring> winter> autumn>summer，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）.The main heavy metal pollution in the two urban areas was As.The concentration of As was the highest among the classⅠcarcinogens of As，Cd and Be. The seasonal distribution of As concentration of was winter>autumn>spring>summer，and the median concentration of As in winter and autumn exceeded the secondary concentration limit（0.006 μg/m³） specified in GB 3095-2012 Ambient air quality standard. The enrichment factor analysis suggested that there were the possibility of anthropogenic contamination of Sb，As，Be，Cd，Cr，Hg，Pb，Mn，Ni，Se and Tl. Conclusions The PM_2.5 concentration in the two urban districts of Kunming City has been decreasing year by year and is at a low level in the whole country. The heavy metal pollution is more prominent in As，and its pollution level is higher in winter and autumn. The anthropogenic pollution may be the main source of heavy metals.

Key words: Fine particulate matter, Heavy metals, Distribution characteristics, Sources

CLC Number:

R122

SU Xiao-mei, LI Xu, HAN Rui-ping, DONG Li-qiong, SUN Hong-wei, CHEN Hao. Analysis on distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in atmospheric fine particulate matter in two urban districts of Kunming City from 2017-2019. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(2): 239-242.

References

[1] 杨克敌.环境卫生学[M].8版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2017:74.
[2] 马洪群,崔莲花.青岛市大气细颗粒物对呼吸系统疾病患者住院影响的病例交叉研究[J].职业与健康,2017,33(7):961-964.
[3] 李颖欣,许瑞君,张海,等.大气细颗粒物组分暴露对缺血性心脏病的影响研究进展[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2021,32(4):292-297.
[4] 白羽,倪洋,曾强.基于队列研究的空气污染中PM_2.5与肺癌关联性的Meta分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2020,31(4):5-8.
[5] LIU X Y,NIE D Y,ZHANG K,et al.Evaluation of particulate matter deposition in the human respiratory tract during winter in Nanjing using size and chemically resolved ambient measurements[J].Air Quali Atmos Hlth,2019,12(5):529-538.
[6] MOEZ B.Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in dry atmospheric deposits from Sfax solar saltern area in southeast of Tunisia[J].J Environ Health Sci Eng,2019,17(6):1085-1105.
[7] 余秀蓉,孟喆,李明月,等.大气PM_2.5暴露对DNA甲基化的影响[J].环境与职业医学,2020,37(11):1124-1131.
[8] 蒋慧,雷宁生,黎林.大气细颗粒物中元素污染特征及对健康的影响[J].职业与健康,2018,34(14):2007-2009+2013.
[9] 史建武,李泽正,孙座锐,等.昆明城区大气 PM_2.5中重金属浓度水平与健康风险研究[J].安全与环境学报,2018,18(2):795-799.
[10] 环境保护部.环境空气PM10和PM2.5的测定重量法:HJ 618—2011[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011:1-5.
[11] 环境保护部.空气和废气颗粒物中铅等金属元素的测定电感耦合等离子体质谱法:HJ 657—2013[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2013:1-17.
[12] 王爱红,姚浔平,冷朋波,等.宁波市某城区2015—2017年大气PM_2.5中重金属和多环芳烃分布特征分析[J].环境与职业医学,2018,35(11):1012-1018.
[13] 唐大镜,常会云,张莹,等.2017—2019 年石家庄市 PM_2.5中重金属污染及健康风险评价[J].现代预防医学,2021,48(7):1177-1180+1197.
[14] 韩新宇,卢秀青,钟曜谦,等.云南省有色冶炼集中区春季大气颗粒物污染过程分析[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2021,43(1):90-100.
[15] 国家环境保护局,中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:331-467.
[16] 张文辉,陈树昶,虞晓芬,等.2014年—2019年杭州市主城区大气PM_2.5及金属含量监测分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2021,31(5):614-617,623.
[17] 王俊龙,孙莹,赵晨凯,等.沈阳市2016—2018年大气PM2.5污染状况及来源分析[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2021,27(1):1-4.
[18] 陈瑞,孙建云,魏巧珍.2015—2019年兰州市两区大气细颗粒物及其化学成分变化趋势[J].卫生研究,2021,50(2):224-278,283.
[19] 牛照地,吴惠忠,汤旭钢,等.银川市大气 PM_2.5中12 种元素污染特征及变化趋势分析[J].现代预防医学,2019,46(3):423-426.
[20] 李文静,张美云,万博宇,等.北京市朝阳区大气 PM_2.5中重金属对居民健康影响的风险评估[J].现代预防医学,2021,48(3):416-419.
[21] 夏威,陈祝军,吴梅,等.2017年张家港市大气细颗粒物污染成分特征[J].职业与健康,2019,35(3):384-386.
[22] 孟聪申,刘静怡,刘悦,等.2018年中国五城市大气细颗粒物暴露所致人群超额死亡风险评估[J].卫生研究,2021,50(4):593-599.
[23] 韩林洁,黄俊,韩新宇,等.昆明市典型干季大气 PM_2.5中重金属污染特征与来源研究[J].昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版),2019,44(2):99-110.