Table of Content

15 January 2023, Volume 39 Issue 2

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Treatise

Analysis on job burnout status and influencing factors among grassroots general practitioners in a city of Xinjiang

CHEN Dong-ran, XU Pei-lan, DING Lei, DING Liu-min, LI Yu-hua

2023, 39(2):  145-148. 

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Objective To understand the job burnout status of grassroots general practitioners in a city of Xinjiang，analyze the influencing factors，and provide the reference basis for the intervention of job burnout，talent training and incentive strategy formulation of grassroots general practitioners. Methods The questionnaire investigation was carried out in a City of Xinjiang from August to September 2021.Totally 16 primary healthcare institutions were randomly selected through cluster sampling，the electronic questionnaires were distributed to 101 general practitioners，and the data were analyzed. Results The job burnout score of general practitioners was （65.33±26.34）points，while 48.51%（95%CI：0.39-0.58） of general practitioners have experienced job burnout.The individual professional background，employment mode and average monthly income were the influencing factors of job burnout（all P<0.05）. The employment mode and individual professional background explained 11.70% of cause of job burnout. Conclusions The job burnout rate of 101 grassroots general practitioners in a city of Xinjiang is at an intermediate level，however，the burnout degree is higher. It is necessary to take targeted measures such as raising the salary level and expanding the training scale of general medical students，in order to reduce the incidence and alleviate the severity of job burnout and promote the healthy development of primary healthcare services.

Correlation analysis on between thyroid hormone level and job burnout of medical administrative staff in Urumqi

ZHAO Jun-ling, MA Bo-yuan, KONG Tian-tian

2023, 39(2):  149-153. 

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Objective To understand the status of thyroid hormone levels and job burnout among medical administrative workersin Urumqi，explore the correlation between thyroid hormone levels and job burnout. Methods Using the method of cross-sectional study，a questionnaire survey was conducted among 557 medical administrative workers in Urumqi in March 2021. The investigation included the general characteristics of the subjects，the current situation of job burnout，and the levels of triiodothyronine（T₃），thyroxine（T₄） and thyroid-stimulating hormone（TSH）. Results Among the 557 people surveyed，128 medical administrative workers had different degrees of abnormal thyroid hormone levels，and the abnormal rate was 22.98%. There were statistically significantdifferences in the overall abnormal rate of thyroid hormone levels among different genders，hospitals，and educational backgrounds（all P<0.05）. There were 313 people with different degrees of occupational burnout，and the incidence of occupational burnout was 56.19%. In the dimension of low sense of achievement，the difference between between the normalthyroid hormonegroup and abnormal group was statistically significant（P<0.05）. There were statistically significantdifferences in the T₃，TSH and overall abnormal rate among population with different job burnout（all P<0.05）. The dimensions of emotional exhaustion and cynicism were negatively correlated with T3，the dimensions of cynicism and low achievement was positively correlated with TSH （all P<0.05），and dimension of low achievement（OR=1.064，95%CI=1.010-1.121） was the risk factors forabnormal levels of thyroid hormone. Conclusions（1）The abnormal thyroid hormone levels of medical administrators inUrumqiare not optimistic. Among them，women are higher than men，and the population of tertiary hospitals is higher than that of other hospitals.（2）The occupational burnout rate of medical administrative staff inUrumqiis relatively high，and the abnormal rate of thyroid hormone levels in the burnout population is higher than that in the non-burnout population.（3）There is a correlation between job burnout and abnormal thyroid hormone levels.

Analysis on sleep quality and influencing factors of manufacturing workers in Shenzhen City

LIU Xiang, WAN Ke-yan, ZHANG Feng, LU Zu-xun, WU Xia

2023, 39(2):  154-159. 

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Objective Taking manufacturing workers in Shenzhen City as the survey object，to analyze the impact of demographic characteristics and different shift conditions on their sleep quality，so as to provide empirical basis for industrial enterprises to reasonably formulate shift system. Methods The general data questionnaire and Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI） were used to investigate 926 manufacturing workers in Shenzhen City by random sampling from January 2020 to January 2021，and the data were analyzed. Results The total PSQI score of 926 manufacturing workers in Shenzhen City was（5.07±3.48）points. The seven component scores were as follows：subjective sleep quality（0.98±0.83）points，sleep latency（0.98±0.93）points，sleep time（0.90±0.70）points，sleep efficiency（0.44±0.83）points，sleep disorder（0.78±0.67）points，hypnotic drugs（0.02±0.22）points and daytime dysfunction（0.97±0.96）points.The total score of PSQI and scores of each dimension were significantly different from the domestic norms（all P<0.05）.Except for hypnotic drugs，other scores were higher than the domestic norms. There were statistically significantdifferences in the subjective sleep quality scores among workers in different gender，age，marital status，family per capita monthly income，smoking and drinking，and basic health status（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in sleep latencyscores among workers in different marital status，smoking and drinking，and basic health status（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in sleep timescores among workers in different marital status，smoking and drinking（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in sleep efficiencyscores among workers in different gender and drinking（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in sleep disorderscores among workers in education level and basic health status（both P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in daytime dysfunctionscores among workers in different gender，age，educational level，marital status，family per capita monthly income，smoking and drinking，drinking tea，and basic health status（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in total score of PSQI among workers in different gender，age，educational level，marital status，smoking and drinking，and basic health status（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in scores of subjective sleep quality，sleep disorder，daytime dysfunction and the total score of PSQI among workers in different types of work，shift types and shift frequencies（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in sleep efficiencyscores among workers in different shift types and shift frequencies （all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences inscores of sleep time and sleep efficiency among workers in different shift types （all P<0.05）. The shift type，education level，basic health status，drinking，shift frequency，age，marital status and type of work entered the regression equation. Conclusions The demographic characteristics，such as different educational level，basic health status，drinking，age and marital status，have a significant impact on sleep quality among manufacturing workers in ShenzhenCity，while shift types，shift frequencies and types of work have a significant impact on sleep quality. The industrial enterprisescan establish employee sleep quality files，reasonably arrange jobs，optimize shift system，improve the sleep quality of employees，and promote the health of employees.

Investigation of productive dust in a coking plant in Golmud

WANG Jing, SONG Hui-ping, QIAO Juan, GAO Mao-long

2023, 39(2):  160-164. 

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Objective To understand the process of producing productive dust during the operation of the coking unit in a coking plant in Golmud，evaluate the effect of dust prevention measures，and analyze the risk degree of productive dust in the operation process of coking unit. Methods In June 2021，the occupational health field investigation was carried out in a coking plantin Golmud of Qinghai Province，and the productive dust was sampled and tested in laboratory to analyze the harm degree of exposure to productive dust at different posts. Results The coking unit in Golmud produced coal dust and coke dust in the link of coal preparation，coke making，coke quenching and coke line.The analysis showed that the free silica contents were less than 10%. The concentration of coal dust at coal preparation post was 5.216 mg/m³，and the that at pulverized mixing post was 11.252 mg/m³. The short-term exposure concentrations of dust in dust collector，coke cutter and coke release worker were more than five times of the long-term permissible contact concentration（>40 mg/m³）. The exposure to productive dust at the above posts exceeded the requirements of occupational exposure limits. The dust exposure level of dust-exposed post was in class Ⅱ-Ⅳ，and the dust operation was 0-Ⅱ level. Conclusions The working environment of cokingplant in Golmudis relatively bad，and some employees in the production link are directly exposed to the productive dust. It is necessary to pay attention to the maintenance of coking equipment in daily work，strengthenthe awareness of self-protection of employees，and improvethe management level of managers.

Correlation between work-related rumination and occupational stress in emergency medical dispatchers

SHI Xiao-ying, ZHANG Qing, YAN Zhong-yuan, CHENG Zhen-zhen, FU Ya-jing

2023, 39(2):  165-169. 

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Objective To understand the status of work-related rumination and occupational stress in emergency medical dispatchers，explore the relationship between them. Methods From June to September 2021，363 emergency medical dispatchers in cities across China were selected as the research subjects by the convenience sampling method.The general information questionnaire，job content questionnaire and work-related rumination questionnaire were used to conduct a questionnaire survey. Results The average degree of occupational stress（D/C） of 363 emergency medical dispatchers was 1.14±0.17，the score of affective rumination was （15.12±5.24）points，the score of problem-solving rumination was （17.64±4.64）points.The marital statuswas the influencing factor of affective rumination，while age and length of service were the influencing factors of problem-solving rumination. Pearson correlation results showed that there was a negative correlation between the two types of rumination and occupational stress in emergency medical dispatchers（r=-0.155，-0.253，both P<0.01）.The combination of occupational stress and various dimensions predicted affective rumination by 11.4%（F=10.320，P<0.01），and the combination of length of service and social support predicted problem-solving rumination by 16.3%（F=12.716，P<0.01）. Conclusions The occupational stress of emergency medical dispatchers has a significant positive effect on affective rumination，while the occupational stress has no significant effect on problem-solving rumination.The managers can guide employees to form positive rumination and reduce negative rumination by improving work requirements and social support and carrying out mindfulness intervention，so as to maintain their physical and mental health and promote the better development of pre-hospital emergency services.

Analysis on Molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp isolated from diarrhea patients in Daxing District of Beijing from 2018-2021

MA Lin, WEN Jing, FENG Guang-yuan, ZHANG Qi, ZHENG Tian-chi, WANG Xi-feng

2023, 39(2):  170-174. 

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Objective To understand the infection status，epidemiological and etiological characteristics，and drug resistance of Salmonella spp isolated from diarrhea patients in enteric diseases clinic of Daxing District in Beijing，provide evidence for the prevention，control and clinical treatment of Salmonella spp. Methods From 2018-2021，the stool samples of diarrhea patients in enteric diseases clinic of three sentinel hospitals in Daxing District were collected for testing Salmonella spp，and the isolated Salmonella spp were analyzed by serotyping，pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antibiotics susceptibility test. Results A total of 1 499 stool samples were tested in four years，and 65 strains（4.34%） of Salmonella spp were detected. The main serotype was Salmonella enteritidis（53.85%）. The difference in the detection rate of Salmonella spp was statistically significant among different age groups（P<0.01），and the highest infection rate（10.30%） was in the age group of 1-<11 years old. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate among groups in different age and occupation（all P>0.05）.The results of drug resistance test showed that there were great differences in the degree of drug resistance of Salmonella spp. Except that it was completely sensitive to cefoxitin，meropenem and azithromycin，it had certain drug resistance to other antibiotics. The pulsed field gel electrophoresisanalysis showed that 20 PFGE patterns were found in 35 Salmonella spp strains，with the dominant patterns of B8 and B10，and the similarity coefficients of strains were 40.6%-98.7%. Conclusion The Salmonella enteritidisis predominant serotype of Salmonella spp in Daxing District of Beijing，the PFGE patterns show polymorphism，and the drug resistance is strong，so the rational use of antibiotics should be strengthened in clinical treatment.

Improvement of pretreatment method for determination of docosahexaenoic acid in infant formula milk powder by gas chromatography

DANG Ya-min, LI Jian-ping

2023, 39(2):  175-178. 

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Objective To improve the pretreatment method for determination of docosahexaenoic acid（DHA） in infant formula milk powder by gas chromatography. Methods The improved method adopts hydrolysis，extraction，saponification and methyl esterification of fats in 50 mL polypropylene centrifuge tubes，which avoids the use of traditional heating reflux devices and liquid-liquid extraction and separation funnels. Results The DHA standard solution showed a good linear relationship between 9.54 and 191 μg/mL concentration，and the correlation coefficient r was 0.999 8. The detection limit of the method was 0.001 g/100 g and the quantitative limit was 0.003 g/100 g. The samples were added to the DHA standards of low，medium and high concentration levels，and the recovery rate of the standard was 84.3%-108.0%，and the relative standard deviation（RSD） was <10% for six repeated measurements. The DHA in the quality control sample and examination sample of infant formula milk powder was determined，and the measurement results were within the range of their identified values. Conclusion The improved pretreatment method is simple and fast，and is suitable for the large-scale detection of DHA in infant formula milk powder.

Epidemiological analysis of foodborne disease cases in Ziyang City from 2017-2021

SHU Zhe-min, XU Tie-mei, LIU Yan, SONG Yang

2023, 39(2):  179-182. 

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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Ziyang City from 2017 to 2021，provide scientific basis for the prevention of foodborne diseases，so as to reduce the incidence of foodborne diseases in Ziyang City. Methods Through the "National Reporting System for Foodborne Disease"，the data of foodborne disease cases reported by Ziyang City from 2017 to 2021 were collected and statistically analyzed. Results From 2017 to 2021，a total of 13 809 cases of foodborne diseases were reported from 22 monitoring hospitals in Ziyang City.The peak season appeared summer and autumn，and the largest number of reported cases was from May to October（accounting for 68.04%）. The ratio of male to female was 1∶1.24，the age group of 25-<75 years old was the high incidence group.The occupation was mainly farmer（accounting for 47.30%）. The top three suspected exposed food were meat and its products，fruit and its products，and vegetable and its products. The family was the first place of suspicious exposure（accounting for 83.52%）. Conclusion According to the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Ziyang City，it is necessary to further strengthen health education of food safety in communities，rural areas and families during the summer and autumn，and further improve the ability of monitoring and early warning of foodborne diseases，so as to protect the health of the people effectively.

Status quo of mental resilience in operating room nurses and its mediating role in job boredom and subjective well-being

SHEN Juan, CHEN Xiao-xu, ZHAO Xin, WEI Jiao, GAO Shi-ling

2023, 39(2):  183-187. 

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Objective To investigate the status quo of mental resilience in operating room nurses of Hebei Veterans General Hospital and Xingtai People's Hospital and the mediating role of mental resilience in job boredom and subjective well-being. Methods From January 2020 to January 2021，140 nurses working in the operating room of the Hebei Veterans General Hospital and Xingtai People's Hospital were collected by the random sampling method as the research objects.The Connor-Davidson resilience scale（CD-RISC），nurses' job boredom questionnaire，sub-scale of work fatigue characteristics of nurses' work fatigue questionnaire，general well-being schedule（GWB） were used respectively to assess the mental resilience，job boredom and subjective well-being of nurses. Results The score of CD-RISC，job boredom scale and GWB of operating room nurses was （59.46±6.35），（31.43±3.54） and （62.39±5.39）points，respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the mental resilience scores among nurses with different age，educational background，marital status，department working years，professional title，economic income and personnel relationship（all P<0.01）. The mental resilience was positively correlated with years of working in the department and GWB（r=0.297，0.473，both P<0.05），and negatively correlated with job boredom（r=-0.073，P<0.05）.The mental resilience played a mediating role between job boredom and subjective well-being，the direct effect value was -0.53，the indirect effect value was -0.13，and the total effect value was -0.66. Conclusions The job boredom degree of operating room nurses in two hospitals of Hebei Province is high，and the level of mental resilience and subjective well-being is low. The hospital administrator should take sufficient personalized intervention，through fully mobilize nurses' professional interest and enthusiasm，improve mental resilience to promote the improvement of subjective well-being and maintain the mental health of nurses in operating room.

Multiple intermediation of occupational happiness and job embeddedness in spiritual salary satisfaction and professional mission in orthopedic nurses from 16 general hospitals in Sichuan Province

XUE Qing, JIANG Xiao-fen, QU Zhen

2023, 39(2):  188-193. 

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Objective To explore the impact of spiritual salary satisfaction on professional mission in orthopedic nurses from 16 general hospitals in Sichuan Province，and the mediating role of occupational happiness and job embedding between them，provide reference for improving nurses' occupational mission. Methods Using the convenient sampling method，397 orthopedic nurses from 16 general hospitals in Sichuan Province were surveyed by general information questionnaire，spiritual salary satisfaction scale，occupational happiness scale，job embedding scale and occupational sense of mission scale from November to December 2021，and the data were analyzed. Results The score of spiritual salary satisfaction，occupational happiness，job embedding and occupational mission of 397 orthopedic nurses from general hospitals was （27.43±5.62），（76.12±24.44），（20.34±4.78） and （33.80±6.44）points，respectively. The occupational mission，spiritual salary satisfaction，occupational happiness and job embedding scores of orthopedic nurses in general hospitals were positively correlated（all P<0.05）. The occupational happiness of orthopedic nurses played a partial mediating role in the relationship between spiritual salary satisfaction and occupational mission，and the mediating effect was 0.272，accounting for 32.20% of the total effect. The job embedding played a partial mediating role in the relationship between spiritual salary satisfaction and occupational mission，and the mediating effect was 0.175，accounting for 20.70% of the total effect. The occupational happiness and job embedment played a chain mediating role between spiritual salary satisfaction and occupational mission，and the mediating effect was 0.042，accounting for 5.00% of the total effect. Conclusion The professional mission of orthopedic nurses from 16 general hospitals in Sichuan Province is at a medium level，and the spiritual salary satisfaction can indirectly affect the professional mission of orthopedic nurses through the mediating effect of occupational happiness and job embedding and the chain mediating effect，respectively.

A study oncorrelation between personal-job matching and occupational commitment of nurses in three third-level and above hospitals in Nantong City

LYU Liang, ZHANG Li-li, SHAN Ting, GUO Zong-xiao, MA Tian-hui

2023, 39(2):  194-197. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of personal-job matching and occupational commitment of nurses in three third-level and above hospitals in Nantong City，explore the influence of personal-job matching on occupational commitment of nurses. Methods From March to August 2021，230 clinical nurses from three of third-level and above hospitals in Nantong City were selected as the subjects in the study. The general information questionnaire，personal-job matching scale and occupational commitment scale were used to conduct an online questionnaire survey，and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of personal-job matching in 230 clinical nurses was （93.07±13.74）points and the total score of occupational commitment was （73.98±17.36）points. There was positive correlation between personal-job matching and occupational commitment in nurses（r=0.718，P<0.01）. The autonomy，job reward，team atmosphere and values were the influencing factors of nurses' occupational commitment，which could explain 56.3% of the total variation（P<0.01）. Conclusions The personal-job matching and occupational commitment of 230 clinical nurses in three third-level and above hospitals in Nantong City are at medium level and need to be improved.The personal-job matching is the influencing factors of nurses' occupational commitment，and it is suggested that nursing managers can take intervention measures to improve the matching degree of nurses with the field of work in 6 aspects，so as to improve the level of occupational commitment of nurses and retain nursing talents in hospital.

A study on influencing factors of presenteeism among emergency department nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals of Nanchang City

LIU Jia-wen, XIE Zhi-qin, YU Yi-zhe, WU Shu-ling, ZHANG Bao-zhen, YANG Zhen

2023, 39(2):  198-202. 

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Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of presenteeism of nurses in emergency department，provide reference for improving the effective attendance rate of nurses in emergency department. Methods By using the convenient sampling method，150 nurses in emergency department were selected from three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Nanchang from September to October 2020，and the Chinese version of presenteeism scale and organizational silence scale were used to investigate the status quo of organizational silence and presenteeism of nurses in emergency department and their influencing factors. Results The score[M（P₂₅，P₇₅）] of presenteeism of nurses in emergency department was 17（15，20）points，89 nurses had higher presenteeism（59.3%） and 61 had lower presenteeism（40.7%）. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of presenteeism among nurses in emergency department with different health status，length of service，whether they had experienced hospital violence in the past year and income satisfaction（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the high presenteeism among different health status，professional title and income satisfaction（all P<0.01）. The health status，income satisfaction and acquiescent silence were the independent influencing factors of presenteeism of nurses in emergency department（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The phenomenon of presenteeism of nurses in emergency department is serious，and it is necessary to carry our the timely intervention according to the main influencing factors to improve the health productivity of nurses in emergency department.

Status and influencing factors of subjective well-being and health promotion lifestyle among the elderly drifters in Deyang City

LIU Zhen-fan, YAN Xiao-ting, CHEN Cui, WU Ji-jun

2023, 39(2):  203-206. 

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Objective To investigate the status quo of subjective well-being and health-promoting lifestyle of the elderly drifters in Deyang City，analyze the influencing factors of health-promoting lifestyle. Methods From August to October 2021，194 elderly drifters in Deyang City were selected by convenience sampling method. The general data questionnaire，subjective well-being scale and health promotion lifestyle scale were used to conduct the questionnaire survey，and the data were analyzed. Results The subjective well-being score of the elderly driftersin Deyang City was （23.07±2.94）points，and the health promotion lifestyle score was （122.11±17.27）points.The total score of subjective well-being was positively correlated with the total score of health promoting lifestyle，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The education level，age，migration time and subjective well-being were the main influencing factors of health promotion lifestyle（all P<0.05）. Conclusions The health promotion life style of the elderly drifters in Deyang City is in the middle level.The health promotion life style of the elderly drifters with lower education level，older age，shorter migration time and higher subjective well-being score is higher.It is suggested that we should pay more attention to this population and take corresponding measures to further promote the health and lifestyle of the elderly drifters.

Analysis on status and influencing factors of alarm fatigue among ICU nurses

DUAN Fei, LIU Wei, XIAO Jiang-qin

2023, 39(2):  207-210. 

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Objective To investigate the status of medical equipment alarm fatigue among nurses in intensive care unit（ICU） and its main influencing factors，provide theoretical basis for clinical development of effective alarm management strategies. Methods From January to February 2022，168 ICU nurses in a grade-A tertiary hospital of Urumqi in Xinjiang were investigated by general information questionnaire，ICU nurses' alarm fatigue scale and clinical equipment alarm management questionnaire. Results The total score of alarm fatigue of ICU nurses was （22.15±7.74）points，and the item with the highest score was "I will pay more attention to the sound of instrument alarm in some shifts（such as night shift）". The regression analysis showed that education background，professional title，career satisfaction and setting of alarm parameters were the main influencing factors of ICU nurses' alarm fatigue（all P<0.05），which explained 28.9% of the total variation. Conclusion The nursing managers should develop corresponding training programs，simulate the real clinical situation for assessment，and continue to improve the quality of the problems found，so as to form a good alarm management atmosphere and prevent the occurrence of alarm fatigue.

Analysis on changes of health literacy of farmers in Shiyan City from 2017-2020

WU Hao, LIU Bing, XIAO Yun, HUANG Hui, CHEN Hui, XIAO Yi-zhang

2023, 39(2):  211-215. 

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Objective To analyze the change trend of health literacy level of farmers in Shiyan City from 2017 to 2020，provide reference for health literacy intervention. Methods The monitoring data of health literacy of farmers in Shiyan City from 2017 to 2020，were collected to analyze the health literacy level，the absolute growth and average growth rate of farmers' health literacy in four years. Results From 2017 to 2020，the health literacy levels of farmers in Shiyan City were 4.58%，14.37%，16.21% and 17.50%，respectively，with an absolute growth of 12.93% and an average growth rate of 56.38%.The literacy levels of health knowledge，lifestyle and behavior，and health skills showed an upward trend（all P<0.01），with an average annual growth rate of 57.20%，87.17%，26.54%，respectively. Among the six types of health literacy，the levels of scientific health concept，prevention and treatment of infectious diseases，prevention and treatment of chronic diseases，safety and first aid，basic medical care and health information literacy showed an upward trend（all P<0.01），with an average annual growth rate of 30.51%，54.50%，84.04%，26.56%，47.21% and 42.49%，respectively. From 2017 to 2020，the correct rates of six kinds of health literacy questions showed an increasing trend except the correct rate of "correct understanding of liver"（all P<0.01）. Conclusion The health literacy level of farmers in Shiyan City shows a slow rising trend from 2017 to 2020，and it is necessary to carry out health education for the content with low correct rate among the six types of health literacy problems to further improve the health literacy level of farmers.

Investigation on cognition，attitude and willingness toward fecal microbiota transplantation among community residents in Wuhan City

CHEN Meng, WANG Nian, MA Hong-mei, FANG Ting, ZHAO Xue-jiao, FENG Hong

2023, 39(2):  216-220. 

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Objective To understand the cognition and acceptance of fecal microbiota transplantation（FMT），fecal donation intention of community residents in Wuhan City，provide reference for the popularization and application of the technology. Methods In August 2021，totally 582 residents from six major communities in Wuhan were selected as survey subjects by the convenient sampling method，the survey was conducted using self-designed questionnaires，and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The score of cognition o FMT in community residents was （0.26±0.44）points，and the acceptance rate of FMT was 44.16%. There were statistically significant differences in the attitude to FMT treatment among community residents with different gender，educational background and medical history of gastrointestinal diseases（all P<0.05）. The logistic regression analysis showed that women，college degree or above and those who received FMT had higher willingness to donate feces（OR=3.18，2.36，6.58， 95%CI=1.73-5.84，1.35-4.15，3.30-13.13，all P<0.05）. In addition to the doctor's recommendation，taking fecal bacteria into capsules orally was the most accepted transplant route（32.09%）. Residents were most willing to choose relatives as the source of donors（29.03%）. 79.55% of community residents were willing to donate their own feces. There were statistically significant differences in the fecal donation willingness among residents with different gender，education，occupation and FMT acceptance（all P<0.05）. Conclusions Most community residents have a low awareness of FMT，and their acceptance of FMT treatment is at a moderate level. However，the majority of community residents have a high willingness to donate feces. In the future，the promotion of FMT should be strengthened to make more people realize the clinical value of FMT.

Study on health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes and its complications in Shenzhen City

ZHAO Ming-ye, REN Yi-nan, TANG Ping, CAO Wei-ling, HUANG Yong-ping, GONG Fang-fang

2023, 39(2):  221-226. 

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Objective To analyze the health-related quality of life and its influencing factors of diabetic population in Shenzhen City. Methods A survey was conducted on major hospitals and community health centers in Luohu District of Shenzhen City from September to December 2021，and 634 type 2 diabetes patients aged 18-92 years old were finally selected as the search objects.The European quality-5 dimension-5 levels questionnaire（EQ-5D-5L） scale，and visual analogue score（VAS） were used to measure the patient's health utility.The univariate tests were performed using t-test and analysis of variance，and Tobit regression was used to explore influencing factors. Results The mean EQ-5D-5L utility of the study population was 0.888±0.205，and the VAS score was 76.471±17.682 points.In addition，the study calculated the utility of patients with diabetes and other diseases，specifically：hypertension was 0.873±0.014，hyperlipidemia was 0.886±0.012，heart failure was 0.792±0.083，myocardial infarction was 0.887±0.083，stroke was 0.569±0.070，coronary heart disease angina was 0.765±0.067，chronic gastrointestinal disease was 0.840±0.036，genital disease was 0.847±0.043，retinopathy was 0.809±0.041，renal failure was 0.699±0.110，peripheral vascular disease was 0.821±0.055，skin ulcers was 0.771±0.064，cancer was 0.538±0.139.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in health utility among different groups in age，whether hospitalization，fasting blood glucose，education，drinking，smoking，exercise，comorbidities，stroke，coronary heart disease angina，renal failure，skin ulcer and cancer（all P<0.05）. The regression model results showed that older age，lower education，less exercise，hospitalization，comorbidities，stroke，and cancer were the influencing factors of low health utility in diabetic patients（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes in Shenzhen City is lower than that of the normal population，and the comorbid diseaseshave a great impact on the quality of life of patients with diabetes，so it is necessary to pay attention to improving patients' self-management and disease prevention awareness.

A study on structural authorization，psychological authorization and retention intention of midwives in Liaoning Province

SHI Ya-nan, BU Xiu-mei, FU Ning-ning, WANG Jin-jin, WANG Jing-wen

2023, 39(2):  227-232. 

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Objective To understand the status quo of structural authorization，psychological authorization and retention intention of midwives in Liaoning Province，analyze the relationship between structural authorization，psychological authorization and retention intention，so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the level of structural authorization and psychological authorization and stabilizing the retention intention of midwives. Methods A total of 206 midwives from eight grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shenyang City and Dalian City of Liaoning Province were selected by convenience sampling method from August to September 2020.The general demographic data questionnaire，job performance condition questionnaire，psychological authorization scale and nurses' retention intentionquestionnaire were used to conduct the survey，and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of midwives in Liaoning Province was （24.39±4.22）points，the total score of structural authorization was （48.87±10.29）points，and the total score of psychological authorization was （46.14±8.19）points.The correlation analysis showed that the total score ofstructure authorization and the score of each dimension in midwives were positively correlated with the total score of retention intention and the score of each item（r=0.305，0.664，both P<0.01），and the total score of psychological authorization and the score of each dimension in midwives were positively correlated with the total score of retention intention and the score of each item（r=0.333，0.658，both P<0.01）.The results of multiple stratified regression showed that structural authorization and psychological authorization had statistical significance in predicting theretention intention（β=0.336，0.264，both P<0.01），explaining 22.8% of the variation. Conclusions The structure authorization of midwives in Liaoning Province is at medium level，while the psychological authorization and retention intention are above medium level.The structure authorization and psychological authorization have the positive predictive effect on retention intention. It is suggested that nursing managers should take further effective authorization measures，create a good authorization environment，promote the career development of midwives，and stabilize the team of midwives.

Relationship between innovative behavior and personal-organization fit，workplace spirituality of nurses in tertiary grade-A hospitals in Tianjin

ZHU Yue, WANG Zhang-yi, FANG Zhi-ping, YAN Yi-shan, WANG Jing, PANG Xiao-li

2023, 39(2):  233-238. 

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Objective To explore the relationship between innovative behavior and personal-organization fit，workplace spirituality of nurses in tertiary grade-A hospitals in Tianjin，analyze the mediating role of workplace spirituality between innovative behavior and personal-organizational fit of nurses，so as to provide reference for formulating intervention measures to promote innovative behavior of nursesin Tianjin. Methods A total of 418 nurses from six tertiary grade-A hospitals in Tianjin were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling method from January to May 2022. The general information questionnaire，nurse innovative behavior scale（NIBS），personal-organizational fit scale（POFS），and workplace spirituality scale（WSS） were used for questionnaire survey. Results The total scores of innovative behavior，personal-organizational fit and workplace spirituality of nurses intertiary grade-A hospitals in Tianjin were （31.86±9.14），（37.21±9.71） and （99.45±24.03）points，respectively. The innovative behavior was positively correlated with personal-organizational fit and workplace spirituality（all P<0.01）. The workplace spirituality played a partial mediating role between them，the mediating effect was 25.9%（P<0.01）. Conclusions The innovative behavior，personal-organization fit and workplace spirituality of nurses in tertiary grade-A hospitals in Tianjin are at a medium level，and the workplace spirituality played a partial mediating role betweeninnovative behavior and personal-organization fit. It is suggested that nursing managers should pay attention to the influence of workplace spirituality on innovative behavior，and improve nurses' personal-organizational fit and workplace spirituality by creating a harmonious working atmosphere，giving nurses care and encouragement，so as to improve their innovative behavior.

Analysis on distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in atmospheric fine particulate matter in two urban districts of Kunming City from 2017-2019

SU Xiao-mei, LI Xu, HAN Rui-ping, DONG Li-qiong, SUN Hong-wei, CHEN Hao

2023, 39(2):  239-242. 

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Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of atmospheric fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） and the concentration level and pollution sourcesin two urban districts of Kunming City，provide scientific basis for health protection，effective intervention measures and reduction of health hazards caused by air pollution. Methods From 2017 to 2019，the PM_2.5 samples were collected from platforms 15 m above the ground within 2 km of the state-controlled ambient air quality monitoring stations in two urban areas of Kunming City from 10th to 16th of each month，to measure their mass concentrations and analyze the concentration levels of 12 heavy metals. The source of heavy metals pollution was analyzed by enrichment factor method. Results The average daily concentration of PM_2.5 was 8-89 μg/m³ in the two urban areas of Kunming City from 2017 to 2019，and the median annual concentration was 27，31 and 22 μg/m³，respectively.The seasonal distribution of concentration was spring> winter> autumn>summer，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）.The main heavy metal pollution in the two urban areas was As.The concentration of As was the highest among the classⅠcarcinogens of As，Cd and Be. The seasonal distribution of As concentration of was winter>autumn>spring>summer，and the median concentration of As in winter and autumn exceeded the secondary concentration limit（0.006 μg/m³） specified in GB 3095-2012 Ambient air quality standard. The enrichment factor analysis suggested that there were the possibility of anthropogenic contamination of Sb，As，Be，Cd，Cr，Hg，Pb，Mn，Ni，Se and Tl. Conclusions The PM_2.5 concentration in the two urban districts of Kunming City has been decreasing year by year and is at a low level in the whole country. The heavy metal pollution is more prominent in As，and its pollution level is higher in winter and autumn. The anthropogenic pollution may be the main source of heavy metals.

Time series analysis for the influence of gaseous pollutants on the number of inpatients with coronary heart disease in Hebei District of Tianjin in 2019

LI Mei, ZHANG Jing-wei, DU Juan

2023, 39(2):  243-246. 

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Objective To analyze the effect and lag effect of gaseous pollutants on the number of inpatients with coronary heart disease（CHD） in Hebei District of Tianjin in 2019. Methods The concentration of gaseous pollutants，meteorological factors and relevant information of inpatients with CHD in Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital from January 1，2019 to December 31，2019 were collected. The effect of gaseous pollutants on the number of inpatients with CHD was analyzed by generalized additive model. Results The average daily concentrations of gaseous pollutants NO₂，O₃，SO₂ and CO in Hebei District of Tianjin in 2019 were 42.17μg/m³，106.23 μg/m³，10.85 μg/m³ and 0.96 mg/cm³. According to the secondary concentration limit specified in the Ambient Air Quality Standard（GB 3095-2012），NO₂ exceeded the standard for 164 days，with theoverstandard rate of 44.93%. The O₃ exceeded the standard for 81 days，and the overstandard rate was 22.19%. Neither SO₂ nor CO exceeded the standard. The effect of NO₂ concentration increasing by 10 μg/m³ on the number of inpatients with CHD reached the maximum after 1 day lag，theexcess rish（ER） value was 3.35（95%CI：0.28-6.52），and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The effect of O₃ concentration increasing by 10 μg/m³ on the number of inpatients with CHD reached the maximum when the delay was 7 days，the ER value was -1.28（95%CI：-2.29--0.25），and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The increase of CO and SO₂ concentration had no effect on the number of inpatients with CHD. Conclusion The elevated concentration of gaseous pollutant NO₂ in Hebei District of Tianjin in 2019 may lead to an increase in the risk of hospitalization for CHD among residents，and it is of great significance to control gaseous pollutants for reducing the hospitalization risk of CHD.

Effect of social support and negative emotional events on family caring and aggressive behavior among nursing interns in higher vocational colleges of Sichuan Province

XIE Gui-qiong, LIU Jun-yuan, XIE Xiao-hong, XU Qing

2023, 39(2):  247-251. 

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Objective To investigate the status of family care and aggressive behavior among nursing interns in higher vocational colleges in Sichuan Province，and the mediating role of social support and negative emotional events between them. Methods A total of 326 nursing interns from three higher vocational colleges in Sichuan Province were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling method from October to December in 2021.The family care index scale，aggressive behavior scale，social support scale and negative event scale were used as the investigation tools. Results The scores of family care index，aggressive behavior，social support and negative emotional events of 326 nursing interns in Sichuan Province were （6.58±2.17），（60.49±11.85），（55.87±12.61） and （68.07±12.39）points，respectively.The correlation analysis showed thatfamily care of interns in higher vocational colleges was negatively correlated with aggressive behavior（P<0.05），social support was negatively correlated with aggressive behavior（P<0.05），and negative emotional eventswas positively and negatively correlated with aggressive behavior（P<0.05）.The mediating effect analysis showed that social support and negative emotional events had a chain mediating effect between family care and aggressive behavior of nursing interns in higher vocational colleges. The mediating effect was 0.036，accounting for 6.10% of the total effect. Conclusion The aggressive behavior of nursing interns in higher vocational colleges in Sichuan Province is at a medium level，and enhancing family care and social support and reducing negative events have a weakening effect on the aggressive behavior of nursing interns.

Nutritional knowledge，attitude，and eating behavior of Xinjiang minority college students and its relationship with body mass index

HU Yi-ru

2023, 39(2):  252-255. 

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Objective To understand the nutritional knowledge，attitudes and dietary behaviors of Xinjiang minority college students and their relationship with body mass index，provide references for improving the nutritional knowledge and weight control of Xinjiang minority college students. Methods From April to June in 2021，a total of 1 842 college students from two universities in Xinjiang were selected as the survey subjects.The nutritional knowledge，attitude and behavior were investigated，to analyze the differences in nutritional knowledge，attitude and behavior of college students with different body mass index. Results The scores of nutritional knowledge，nutritional attitude and eating behavior among Xinjiang minority college students were （74.26±15.01），（26.31±3.14） and （35.12±4.92）points，respectively.The scores of girls in nutritional knowledge，attitude and eating behavior were significantly higher than those of boys，with statistical significance（all P<0.01）.The proportion of underweight students was 15.91%，and the proportion of overweight and obese students was 9.77%.The proportion of underweight girls was significantly higher than that of boys，with statistical significance（χ²=58.16，P<0.01）. The proportion of overweight and obese boys was significantly higher than that of girls，with statistical significance（χ²=142.14，P<0.01）.The proportion of underweight students in the upper gradeswas higher than that of students in the lower grades，while the proportions of overweight and obesity in the upper grades were significantly lower than those of students in the lower grades，and the differences were statistically significant（both P<0.05）.The normal-weight college students scored the highest on eating behavior，followed by underweight students，while the overweight and obese students had the lowest scores，and the differenceswere statistically significant（P<0.05）. The correlation analysis showed that underweight was negatively correlated with eating behavior（r=-0.23，P<0.05），while the normal weight，overweight and obesity were positively correlated with eating behavior（r=0.68，0.66，both P<0.05）. Conclusion There is a connection between the dietary behavior and the body mass index of minority college students in Xinjiang，so the nutrition and health education should be actively carried out in the future，and necessary intervention measures should be taken to improve their physical fitness.

Analysis on demand for old-age services and its influencing factors among the elderly with chronic diseasesin Changchun community under normalization of epidemic prevention and control

WANG Mei-xin, WANG Yang, HU Jia-hui, YIN Xiao-xin, TIAN Xue-ying, FAN Jia-qi

2023, 39(2):  256-259. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of the demand for old-age services among the elderly with chronic diseases in the community of Changchun City under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control，and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From April 30 to October 15，2021，481 elderly patients with chronic diseases from 15 communities in Changchun City were selected by convenience sampling method. The general data questionnaire and old-age servicesdemand questionnaire for the elderly with chronic diseaseswere used in the investigation，and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of old-age service demand for the elderly with chronic diseases in Changchun community was （122.154 ±15.025）points，and the average score of items was （3.701±0.455）points. The self-care ability，number of diseases，spouse，age and children were the influencing factors of the demand for old-age services of the elderly with chronic diseases in the community，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The demand for old-age services of the elderly with chronic diseases in the community of Changchun City under the normalization of epidemic prevention and controlis at the middle to high level，and it is necessary to analyze its influencing factors and give corresponding countermeasures to meet the demand for old-age services among the elderly with chronic diseases in the community.

A meta-analysis on effectiveness of intervention of mobile phone addiction in college students

PAN Hua, ZHANG Meng, HUANG Jian-rong

2023, 39(2):  260-269. 

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Objective To explore the effectiveness of different intervention methods to reduce the mobile phone addiction of college students. Methods The Chinese databases such as CNKI，Wanfang and CQVIP，as well as foreign databases such as Web of Science，PubMed and EBSCO，and Cochrane library online research platform were searched to collect relevant studies.Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria，extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.2，and the total effect value（d） and its 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results A total of 33 articles（including 40 independent studies） were included in the study，combining with 10 exercise intervention studies and 30 psychological intervention studies，and the total number of samples was 1 934.The results of meta-analysis were as follows：（1）The combinedeffect size of exercise intervention was -3.214.And the results of sub-group analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences among the groups of exercise type and measurement tool（P<0.05），while no statistically significant difference among intervention cycle（P>0.05）.（2） The combined effect size of psychological intervention was -1.736.And the results of sub-group analysis showed thatthere was statistically significant difference among different groups in classification of psychological intervention（P<0.05），while no statistically significant differences among the groups of measurement tool，intervention cycle，geographical distribution and publication type（P>0.05）.When the fixed grouping wasthe dissertation，there was statistically significant differencebetween the groups of psychological counseling and psychological training（P<0.05）. When the fixed grouping was mobile phone addiction tendency scale for college student developed by XIONG Jie，in eight week intervention and from central region，the differenceswere notstatisticallysignificantbetween them （P>0.05）.（3）The effect size of the combination of exercise intervention studies and psychological intervention studies was -2.132.And the results of sub-group analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the different intervention methods and measurement tool（P<0.05），while no statistically significant differenceamong the groups of intervention cycle（P>0.05）.When the fixed grouping was the journal paper，there was statistically significant differencebetween exercise intervention and psychological intervention（P<0.05）. When the fixed grouping was from central region，the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. Conclusions The exercise intervention can significantly reduce the degree of mobile phone addiction of college students，and the effect of mixed exercise intervention is much better than open-skill exercise intervention，while open-skill exercise intervention is much better than closed-skill exercise intervention.The psychological intervention can significantly reduce the degree of mobile phone addiction of college students，and the effect of psychological counseling is significantly better than psychological training. The effect of exercise intervention is significantly better than psychological intervention.

Investigation and Research

Analysis on results of health examination among junior high school students in Lianyungang City in 2020

ZUO Ze-hua, LI Shu-lin, WANG Qian

2023, 39(2):  270-272. 

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Objective To understand the physical health status of junior high school students，analyze their influencing factors，and provide a reference for the prevention of common diseases of junior high school students and the health care work of schools. Methods In December 2020，a total of 3 704 junior high school studentsfrom Guannan Countyin Lianyungang City were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method for health examination，and the main items included height，body quality，vision，dental caries and blood pressure. The health examination results were analyzed. Results The detection rates of poor vision，dental caries，obesity and abnormal blood pressure in junior high school students in Guannan County were 84.02%，35.83%，6.26% and 2.87%，respectively. With the increase of the school section，the detection rates of overweight and poor vision among middle school students showed an upward trend. The detection rated of thin and obese in boys were higher than thosein girls，while the detection rates of poor vision，overweight and abnormal blood pressure in girls were higher than those of boys. Conclusion The physical health status and incidence of common diseases of junior high school students in Guannan County should be paid attention to，and schools should take comprehensive prevention and control measures to cultivate students' good hygiene habits，do a good job in students' health education，and strengthen the prevention and treatment of common diseases in junior high school students.

Health Management and Research

Analysis on human resources status of centers for disease control and prevention in China from 2016-2020

CHEN Ruo-nan, YU Jie, LIU Yue, LIU Wei, SUN Ying, LI Jian

2023, 39(2):  273-276. 

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Objective To analyze the human resource status of centers for disease control and prevention（CDCs） in China from 2016-2020，put forward corresponding suggestions for existing problems，and provide reference for optimizing the human resource structure of CDCs. Methods The basic information of CDCs in China from 2016 to 2020 was selected，including gender，age，working years and technical positions of professional and technical personnel，and the relevant data were compared and analyzed statistically. Results From 2016 to 2020，the total number of CDCs in China was 191 627，190 730，187 826，187 564 and 194 425 people，respectively，with an increase of 2 798 people in 2020 as compared with 2016.There are more women than men in professional and technical personnel. The people aged 35-<45 and 45-<55 years old accounted for the large proportion，which the number was 47 448 and 51 291 people，respectively. The number of working years was mainly 20-<30 and ≥30 years，which the number was 45 541 and 46 759 people，respectively. The number of professional technicians with bachelor's and master's degrees is increasing year by year，with an increase of 31.8% in 2020 as compared with 2016. Most of people had junior professional titles，which was 77 828，but the proportion of senior titles increased year by year，with an increase of 35.4% in 2020 as compared with 2016. Conclusions The total amount of human resources in the CDCs in China is insufficient，the educational level of the staff is fair but the overall human resource structure is not reasonable，and high-level talents are lacking.It is necessary to strengthen the allocation of human resources inCDCs，optimize the structure of professional and technical human resources，and promote the high-quality development of disease prevention and control.

Current situation and allocation equity of human resources of disease prevention and control institutions in Tianjin

YU Jie, CHEN Ruo-nan, LIU Yue, LIU Wei, SUN Ying, LI Jian

2023, 39(2):  277-279. 

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Objective To analyze the current situation and equity ofhuman resources allocation incenters for disease control and prevention（CDCs） of Tianjinin 2016 and 2021，so as to provide a reference for optimizing the allocation of human resources in Tianjin CDCs. Methods Based on the Tianjin human resources survey data and Tianjin Statistical Yearbook in 2016 and 2021，the current situation of human resources allocation of CDCs of Tianjin and its districts，and Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient were used to explore the equity of human resources allocation in Tianjin CDCs. Results Compared with 2016，the total human resources of Tianjin CDCs increased from 1 689 to 2 121 in 2021.From 2016 to 2021，the total number of CDC personnel per 100 000 people and per square kilometer in Tianjin increased from 0.117 and 0.146 to 0.153 and 0.184，showing an obvious upward trend.In 2016 and 2021，the Gini coefficient of human resources allocated by population in Tianjin CDCs was 0.115 and 0.171 respectively，showing a downward trend. Conclusions The personnel allocation of CDCs in Tianjin does not meet the standard ofstaffing and allocation，and the overall quality of personnel is low，the fairness of allocation has a downward trend. It is necessary to improve the level of team construction through reasonable expansion，institutional reform，strengthening incentives and other measures.

Overview

Research progress on characteristics of MSM use social media and impact of social media on HIV interventions in MSM

YUN Ru, WANG Li-juan, WEI Yun-fang

2023, 39(2):  280-284. 

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In China，sexual transmission has become the main mode of human immunodeficiency virus（HIV），and the proportion of male same-sex transmission is still at a high level.The men who have sex with men（MSM） prefer to use social media to make friends online to further develop offline sexual partners，leading to a higher risk of HIV infection.The use of social media in MSM has become an unavoidable trend，but it has also opened up another and more effective intervention path.The social media provides more health intervention functions for MSM，and help MSM to get HIV-related intervention in a more convenient condition，providing new ideas for AIDS intervention.

Research progress of nurses' oral health management ability assessment tools

AN Xin, MA Jing-hua

2023, 39(2):  285-288. 

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There is a correlation between oral health and systemic disease，and the implementation of preventive oral health behaviors by patients is a key component of maintaining oral health. As the promoters of health promotion and disease prevention，nurses play an active role in helping patients with oral health management. Assessing nurses' oral health management abilityis of great significance for improving the quality of clinical oral health management quality，improving patients' oral health behaviors，and promoting oral health. We review the universal and specific oral health management ability assessment tools of nurses at home and abroad，and describe the significance of the assessment，so as to provide references for reasonablyselecting relevant tools to evaluate nurses' oral health management ability.