Abstract:

Objective To detect the main environmental health hazards in the waiting areas of some medical institutions in Dongcheng District of Beijing in 2024，and analyze the distribution characteristics of the main health hazards and their concentrations. Methods Select some medical institutions in Dongcheng District of Beijing in 2024 to test the environmental health hazards in their waiting areas according to the GB/T 18204-2013 "Public Place Health Inspection Method"，including air quality，hygiene of central air conditioning and ventilation systems，and Legionella in water quality.Describe their distribution characteristics and analyze the main environmental health hazards. Results In 2024，a total of 691 samples were collected from 72 monitoring points in the waiting areas of 20 medical institutions in Dongcheng District of Beijing，with a qualification rate of 79.31%. A total of 432 air quality samples were collected，with a qualification rate of 81.48%. Totally 204 samples of centralized air conditioning and ventilation systems were collected，with a qualification rate of 77.94%. The total bacterial count，total fungal count，and qualified rate of inhalable particulate matter in the air conditioning supply were 27.78%，44.44%，and 77.78%，respectively. The qualified rates of free chlorine and heterotrophic bacteria in cooled water were 57.14% and 42.86%，respectively. Cooling water and domestic hot water were collected for detection of Legionella pneumophila，with a detection rate of 32.73%. The serotypes of Legionella pneumophila were all single type，with Lp1 being the main type，accounting for 66.67%；Lp2-Lp14 type were detected，accounting for 33.33%. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the detection rates of Legionella pneumophila among different water quality types. The detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in different water quality types was compared，and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=19.846，P<0.01）.Among them，the detection rate of Legionella pneumophila was the highest in centralized water storage tank hot water，at 68.42%. Conclusion The main environmental health hazards in the waiting areas of some medical institutions in Dongcheng District of Beijing in 2024 are the quality of centralized air conditioning supply and the harmful effects of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water and circulating hot water.

Key words: Medical institutions, Public place, Health hazards, Legionella, Domestic hot water, Centralized air conditioning ventilation system