Table of Content

01 April 2025, Volume 41 Issue 7

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Treatise

Relationship between clinical nurses' coping styles and burnout：The mediating role of psychological resilience

WEI Tao, XING Xiaoli, XU Bu, GAN Yan, LIU Jingjing, RONG Xiangxia

2025, 41(7):  865-869. 

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Objective To understand the current state of burnout among clinical nurses and to explore the relationship between coping styles and burnout,and the separate mediating role of psychological resilience between them. Methods Form January to March 2024,a questionnaire survey was conducted using convenience sampling method among clinical nursing staff of 23 general hospitals selected from 17 cities in China. The data were analysed. Results A total of 862 clinical nurses were included,valid questionnaire return rate was 87.25%. The burnout score of clinical nurses was （54.33±20.07）points,the total score of positive coping was （22.56±7.78）points,the total score of negative coping was （18.62±4.62）points,and the total score of psychological resilience was （60.94±17.13）points. Pearson's correlation analysis found that positive coping was favorably connected with clinical nurses' psychological resilience（r=0.525,P<0.01） and negatively correlated with burnout（r=-0.427,P<0.01）,negative coping of clinical nurses was negatively correlated with psychological resilience（r=-0.121,P<0.05） and positively correlated with burnout（r=0.225,P<0.05）. Positive coping could negatively predict clinical nurses burnout（β=-0.427,s_x =0.045,P<0.01）,negative coping could positively predict clinical nurses' burnout（β=0.371,s_x =0.045,P<0.01）. Psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between positive coping and burnout,with an indirect effect value of -0.176,accounting for 41.22% of the total effect. Negative coping could not only directly predict burnout（direct effect value of 0.142）,but also indirectly influence burnout through the mediating role of psychological resilience（mediating effect value of 0.119）,accounting for 54.41% and 45.59% of the total effect,respectively. Conclusions Clinical nurses suffer from moderate burnout,and coping styles may not only directly affect burnout,but also indirectly through the mediating role of psychological resilience. Inducing positive coping styles in clinical nurses may be beneficial in increasing psychological resilience,then indirectly reducing burnout,and increasing work efficiency.

Analysis on status and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in traditional Chinese medicine nurses

HUANG Yutao, ZHANG Yanhao, LAI Jinjia, LU Yongmei, LEI Lifang

2025, 41(7):  870-876. 

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Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WRMSDs） among traditional Chinese medicine nurses. Methods In September 2023,a convenience sampling method was used to select 542 traditional Chinese medicine nurses from 18 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province,Hubei Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as the research subjects. The prevalence and influencing factors of WRMSDs were investigated using the "Musculoskeletal Disease Questionnaire",and the data were analyzed. Results The annual prevalence rate of WRMSDs among 542 Chinese medicine nurses was 96.49%. Among them,the low back（75.65%）,neck（72.51%）,and shoulder（66.61%） were the high-risk areas for WRMSDs. The prevalence of multi-site WRMSDs was in both the shoulder and low back and the prevalence was 57.56%. The risk factors for WRMSDs in the shoulders include performing moxibustion,ong-time sitting work,frequently performing the same action on the upper arm and fingers every minute,and working in the same posture for a long time（all P<0.05）. Professional title,body mass index（BMI）,maintaining a slight turning posture in long time and needing to turn while working were risk factors for low back WRMSDs（all P<0.05）. Working in the same position for a long time was a risk factor for WRMSDs in both the shoulders and low back（P<0.05）. The frequency of night shifts exceeding 5 times per month,as well as foot slippage or falls, were risk factors for WRMSDs in the shoulders,low back,and both shoulders and low back（all P<0.05）. The daily changes in work were protective factors for shoulder WRMSDs,while self-determined start and end of work were protective factors for low back WRMSDs（both P<0.05）. Conclusion Hospital management should pay attention to improving the working environment of traditional Chinese medicine nurses, nursing managers should schedule the work shifts of traditional Chinese medicine nurses reasonably,and traditional Chinese medicine nurses should actively take measures to enhance their physical fitness.

Impact of work motivation of doctors at different levels of medical institutions on occupational burnout

ZHI Liang, WANG Yulong, YE Ruixue, KE Meihua, ZHANG Qingfang, LONG Jianjun

2025, 41(7):  877-882. 

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Objective To investigate the impact of work motivation on occupational burnout among doctors at different levels of medical institutions,and analyze the main influencing factors. Methods From September to December 2023,a survey was conducted in 19 different levels of medical institutions across the country from September 2023 to December 2023,including 6 primary hospitals,6 secondary hospitals,and 7 tertiary hospitals. Conduct a cross-sectional survey in the form of a questionnaire on the occupational burnout and work motivation of 130 doctors included in the survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The overall average score of occupational burnout among 130 doctors in various levels of medical institutions was （34.06±18.37）points, with a mild burnout detection rate of 34.6%（45/130） and a moderate burnout detection rate of 24.6%（32/130）. There were statistically significant differences in the incidence and scores of burnout among medical institutions at all levels（both P<0.01）. Working hours and intrinsic work motivation were the main factor affecting the occupational burnout among doctors in primary medical institutions（both P<0.05）. Training frequency and intrinsic work motivation were the main factor affecting the occupational burnout among doctors in secondary medical institutions（both P<0.05）. Number of weekly patients received was the main factor affecting occupational burnout among doctors in tertiary medical institutions（P<0.05）. Conclusion The detection rate of occupational burnout among 130 doctors in medical institutions at all levels is relatively high,and medical institution managers need to take measures to reduce doctor's occupational burnout.

Analysis on relationship between occupational burnout,organizational justice,and health emergency response capability of port personnel

LI Baoqi, QI Jun

2025, 41(7):  883-887. 

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Objective To understand the relationship and pathway between occupational burnout,organizational justice,and health emergency response capability,providing a scientific basis for improving the health emergency response capacity of port personnel. Methods From February to May 2024,the Cochrane formula was used to calculate the sample size,and a simple random sampling method was selected according to the nature of the work of the port personnel. An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted on 524 staff members in 21 agencies within the ports of Tianjin,which included the occupational burnout scale,the sense of organizational fairness scale,and the health emergency response work competence scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The burnout score of the port personnel in the 21 agencies within the Tianjin port was （39.47±10.36）points,the organizational fairness score was （74.15±10.80）points,and the health emergency response work capacity score was （98.11±17.57）points. Burnout was negatively correlated with health emergency work competence（r=-0.245,P<0.05）,and burnout could explain 5.8% of the variation in health emergency work competence. Sense of organizational fairness was positively correlated with health emergency work competence（r=0.396,P<0.05）,and sense of organizational fairness could explain 15.5% of the variation in health emergency work competence. The mediating effect value of sense of organizational fairness on burnout and health emergency work competence was -0.314. Conclusion Occupational burnout has a negative predictive effect on health emergency response capability,while organizational justice has a positive predictive effect on health emergency response capability. Organizational justice plays a full mediating role in the relationship between occupational burnout and health emergency response capability.

Analysis and evaluation of exposure level to highly toxic substances in M310 unit of a nuclear power plant

LIU Honglan, XIE Wenjin, DAI Shengqian, HUANG Pan, WANG Jiaying, ZHANG Zhen

2025, 41(7):  888-892. 

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Objective To understand the expected exposure level and change trend of high toxic occupational hazard factors in nuclear power plants,and provide data support and suggestions for risk control and occupational health management of high toxic occupational hazard factors in the nuclear power industry. Methods Occupational health field investigation,occupational health detection and other methods were used to analyze and evaluate the exposure level of highly toxic occupational hazards in M310 unit of a nuclear power plant for 11 consecutive years from 2014 to 2024. Results The workers were mainly exposed to four highly toxic substances,namely ammonia,chlorine gas,hydrazine,and hydrogen sulfide. The ammonia detection results did not exceed the occupational exposure limit,with exposure concentration of short term（C_STE） detection results ranging from 0.13 to 23.76 mg/m³,and exposure concentration of time weighted average（C_TWA） detection results ranging from 0.01 to 1.09 mg/m³. The exposure level of ammonia during the regular island dosing room ammonia operation was the highest,which was level Ⅲ,and the C_STE test result reached 23.76 mg/m³. Except that the maximum exposure concentration（C_ME） of chlorine at inspection site in the generator room of the freshwater plant exceeded the occupational exposure limit due to the unstable state of ventilation facilities in the early stage of power generation,and the test results of hydrazine exceeded the occupational exposure limit due to leakage points in the inspection area at the back of the top of the hydrazine solution tank of the conventional island,the test results of C_STE for hydrazine were basically lower than the minimum quantitative concentration,the test results of C_ME for chlorine gas were all less than 0.20 mg/m³,and the detection results of C_ME for hydrogen sulfide were all less than 0.53 mg/m³. The exposure levels of chlorine,hydrazine and hydrogen sulfide at all relevant operating sites had been basically at level 0-Ⅱ over the years. Conclusion The overall control effect of occupational hazards of high toxic substances in a nuclear power plant is good. In the past five years,the contact levels of chlorine gas,hydrazine and hydrogen sulfide at each relevant operating position were basically at level 0,while the contact levels of ammonia were mostly Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Therefore,ammonia in the chemical dosing room of the conventional island is the key control point of highly toxic occupational hazard factors,especially during dosing or unloading,which needs to be given special attention. Nuclear power plants need to further optimize dosing processes and strengthen the maintenance of chemical dosing equipment and protective facilities.

Analysis of molecular characteristics of the pathogen causing 5 influenza outbreaks

CHEN Shiyao, SUN Yihua, WEI Ye, CHEN Lu, LI Li, JI Xiaolei

2025, 41(7):  893-898. 

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Objective To conduct a genome-wide genetic characteristics analysis of 11 strains of influenza A H1N1 virus in 2023,in order to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of H1N1 influenza. Methods Collect samples of influenza outbreaks from February to March 2023,separate and cultivate samples with Ct<30,construct libraries for eleven strains of A/H1N1 influenza isolates,and perform sequencing analysis. The vaccine strains and global representative strains of influenza A H1N1 were downloaded from the national center for biotechnology information（NCBI） database,and BioAider V1.521 software was used for sequence alignment and analysis of amino acid mutation sites. MEGA 11.0.13 software was used for multiple sequence alignment and construction of a phylogenetic tree,and TreeTime online software was used to estimate the molecular evolution rate of the HA and NA genes. Results The Q206E mutation occurred in the antigenic determinant cluster Sb region of the hemagglutinin（HA） gene,and mutations were observed in the L475M site of the polymerase basic protein 2（PB2） and the I397M site of the polymerase basic protein 1（PB1）,which might affect the pathogenicity and toxicity of the virus. Genetic evolution analysis revealed that 11 local strains of influenza A H1N1 virus had close genetic distance with vaccine strain A/Victoria/2570/2019,reference strains A/Rochester/U122/USA/2020 and A/Rochester/U133/USA/2020,and they all belonged to Clade I branch. Whole genome evolutionary analysis showed that the HA and neuraminidase（NA） genes followed a strict molecular clock. Conclusion At present, the influenza viruses are still undergoing continuous mutation. The vaccine strain A/Victoria/2570/2019（H1N1） still provides protection to the population. It is necessary to continue strengthening drug resistance monitoring,timely grasp the genetic characteristics of influenza viruses,and carry out scientific prevention and control.

Experimental study on the effect of temperature and PM_2.5 exposure on alveolar macrophages in mice

SONG Quanquan, LIU Shuqin, SUN Wu, WANG Xiuzhen, LI qian, ZHANG Shuyu

2025, 41(7):  899-903. 

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Objective To investigate the toxic effects and mechanisms of different temperatures and fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） exposure on alveolar macrophages（AMs）. Methods The AMs of mice were extracted and cultured at 27,32,37 and 42 ℃,respectively,each of which was treated with different concentrations of PM_2.5. After 12 hours of exposure,the levels of AMs relative indicators in mice were detected. Results At the same exposure dose,the relative survival rate and phagocytic function of cells in the normal temperature group were the highest,and the phagocytic function of cells decreased with increasing or decreasing temperature. At the same temperature,the phagocytic ability of cells in the PM_2.5 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the higher the PM_2.5 concentration,the lower the relative survival rate of cells and the stronger the toxic effect. A low temperature combined higher concentrations of PM_2.5 exposure could cause the levels of interleukin-6（IL-6） and C-reactive protein（CRP） increased significantly compared with the control group and the normal temperature group（P<0.05）. However, compared with the normal temperature group,there were no significant increase in the levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1α（MIP-1α） in each group（all P>0.05）. With the increase of PM_2.5 exposure dose,the activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD） in mouse AMs significantly decreased and the level of malondialdehyde（MDA） significantly increased（both P<0.05）. In addition,the larger the temperature difference,the higher the PM_2.5 concentration,and the more obvious the effect on SOD and MDA in mouse AMs. Conclusion Different temperatures and exposure to PM_2.5 can have toxic effects on mouse AMs cells,which may be mediated by inducing cellular inflammatory responses and oxidative stress damage,leading to a decrease in phagocytic function. Additionally,there is an interactive effect between low temperature and high-dose PM_2.5 exposure on AMs.

Effects of occupational cadmium exposure on malignant biological behavior of leukemia cell line HL-60 and expression of circRNA-SMAD7 and Tspan15

YANG Jin

2025, 41(7):  904-910. 

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Objective To explore the effects of occupational cadmium exposure on the malignant biological behavior of leukemia cell line HL-60 and the expression of circular RNA-SMAD7（circ-SMAD7） and tetraspanin15（Tspan15）. Methods The leukemia cell line HL-60 in the logarithmic growth phase was exposed to 0,250,500,and 1 000 nmol/L cadmium chloride solutions for 72 hours. MTT kit and crystal violet staining were used to measure cell viability and cell colony level. The flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle and apoptosis level. Transwell and scratch experiments were used to measure cell invasion and migration level. RT-PCR and Western blot methods were used to measure cellular circRNA-SMAD7 and Tspan15 level. Results Compared with the leukemia cell line HL-60 group,the survival rate,number of monoclonal formation,number of membrane penetrations,and migration distance of the low-,medium-,and high-dose cadmium chloride groups were increased,and the apoptosis rate,cell cycle G2/M phase,and the level of circRNA-SMAD7（6.39±0.63 vs 4.88±0.43,3.23±0.35,1.89±0.17） decreased（P<0.05）,while the level of Tspan15 mRNA protein（1.15±0.10 vs 2.31±0.21,3.25±0.33,4.80±0.41,0.26±0.05 vs 0.52±0.10,0.82±0.15,1.59±0.23） increased（P<0.05）. With the increase in the amount of cadmium chloride,the survival rate,the number of monoclonal formation,the number of membrane penetration and migration distance gradually increased in cadmium chloride groups,and the apoptosis rate,cell cycle G2/M phase,and the level of circRNA-SMAD7 gradually decreased,while the level of Tspan15mRNA protein gradually increased,and the differences were all statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The cadmium can promote the proliferation and invasion of leukemia cell line HL-60,inhibit apoptosis,induce cell cycle arrest,and its mechanism may be related to the fact that cadmium inhibits the level of leukemia cell line HL-60 circ-SMAD7,thereby targeting up-regulation of Tspan15 expression.

Evaluation of dietary quality of adult residents in Zhangjiagang City by Chinese healthy diet index

YU Yinghui, HAN Keyang, YUAN Yiting, SHI Huijun, TENG Chengang

2025, 41(7):  911-916. 

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Objective To investigate the current status of dietary quality among adult residents in Zhangjiagang City,and to identify existing problems and potential health risks. Methods From 2020 to 2021,a multi-stage stratified probability sampling in proportion to population was used to select 200 households with 600 people from 4 communities in the urban area of Zhangjiagang City and 3 communities in each of 2 townships. Dietary data were collected by 24-hour dietary review method and household weighing accounting method for 3 consecutive days. The Chinese healthy diet index（CHDI） was used to analyze the dietary quality of different populations. Results The average total score of CHDI among adult residents in Zhangjiagang City was （58.9±9.2）points, with significantly lower scores among residents aged 60 and above compared to other age groups,and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The proportions of people who reached or exceeded the recommended intake of various foods was 86.1% for refined grains,52.2% for meat and eggs,44.3% for fish and shrimp,22.6% for dark green and orange vegetables,15.5% for total vegetables,7.5% for fruits,5.2% for whole grains and mixed beans and potatoes,3.3% for dairy,and 2.2% for soybeans. The scores of food types,refined grains,total vegetables,dark green and orange vegetables,fruits（in female）,milk,meat and egg（in male）,sodium, energy supply ratio for pure calories food were statistically significant differences among different age groups（H=6.506-32.531,all P<0.05）. The fruit scores of female in different regions and age groups were significantly higher than those of male（H=-3.889--2.303,all P<0.05）. The scores of women's dairy products and men's soybean products showed statistically significant differences between different regions（H=-2.730--1.991,all P<0.05）. Conclusion The dietary quality of adult residents in Zhangjiagang City is inappropriate,and the intakes of fruits,whole grains,dry beans and potatoes,milk and soybeans were seriously insufficient in the whole population. The dietary problems of the elderly are more prominent. It is recommended to strengthen targeted education and dietary guidance for different groups of people.

Study on the correlation between empathy ability,psychological resilience and workplace psychological violence of medical staff in emergency department of grade-A tertiary hospitals

WANG Chao, WANG Ying

2025, 41(7):  917-923. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation and correlation of workplace psychological violence,empathy ability and psychological resilience among medical staff in emergency department in grade-A tertiary hospitals,and to explore the influence of empathy ability and psychological resilience on workplace psychological violence. Methods From March to April 2024,a total of 305 emergency departments medical staff from 10 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province were selected as the survey subjects by convenient sampling method. The workplace psychological violence scale,empathy scale and psychological resilience scale were used to investigate 305 emergency medical staff. Descriptive analysis,single factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of psychological violence in the workplace of medical staff in emergency department and its relationship with empathy and psychological resilience. Results The score of workplace psychological violence of 305 emergency department medical staff was （25.93±13.41）points,of which 30.16%（92/305） medical staff tested positive for psychological violence. The empathy ability score was （93.36±15.84）points,and the psychological resilience score was （87.66±14.35）points. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of workplace psychological violence among emergency department medical staff with different gender,education level,working years in emergency department,shift work,personality type,and whether they received workplace violence training（all P<0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were negative correlations between workplace psychological violence and empathy ability scores among emergency department medical staff in grade-A tertiary hospitals（r=-0.308--0.854,all P<0.05）,and negative correlations between workplace psychological resilience scores（r=-0.264--0.842,all P<0.05）. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that empathy and psychological resilience had a significant predictive effect on workplace psychological violence（β=-0.432,-0.349,both P<0.05）,which independently explained 53.0% of workplace psychological violence. Conclusion The incidence of workplace psychological violence among emergency medical department staff ingrade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province is high,and empathy ability and psychological resilience are important protective factors. Hospital managers should pay attention to the psychological violence in the workplace of medical staff in special departments such as emergency departments,improve empathy ability and psychological resilience,so as to improve the psychological violence in the workplace of medical staff.

Mediating effect of occupational stress response and occupational deviant behavior on role overload and mental health literacy in nephrology nurses

LI Li, LIU Dongmei, HE Ming, HE Li, YANG Yinyan, WANG Xia

2025, 41(7):  924-929. 

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Objective To explore the mediating effects of occupational stress response and occupational deviant behavior on role overload and mental health literacy among nurses in the nephrology department,and to provide strategies for improving the mental health literacy of medical staff. Methods From December 2023 to January 2024,401 nephrology nurses from 9 tertiary general hospitals in Nanchong City were selected as the subjects by convenience sampling method. The general information questionnaire,role overload scale,occupational stress response scale,occupational deviation behavior scale and mental health literacy scale were used to conduct a questionnaire survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of role overload,occupational stress response,occupational deviation behavior and mental health literacy among 401 nephrology nurses were （17.78±4.30）,（44.06±7.72）,（78.10±14.72） and （126.03±18.03）points,respectively. The comparison of role overload scores among nephrology nurses of different ages,working years,education levels,and self-rated health status showed statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in occupational stress response scores among nephrology nurses with different ages,working years,education level,weekly night shift times and self-rated health status（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in occupational deviant behavior scores among nephrology nurses with different ages,working years,education level and self-rated health status（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of mental health literacy among nephrology nurses with different gender,age,working years,weekly night shift times and self-rated health status（all P<0.05）. The scores of mental health literacy were negatively correlated with the scores of role overload,occupational stress response and occupational deviant behavior（all P<0.01）. According to the mediation model constructed by Mplus 8.0,it was found that role overload had a significant direct effect on mental health literacy（β=-0.377,P<0.01）,and role overload could also indirectly affect mental health literacy through three pathways,including the independent mediating effect of occupational stress response（β=0.404,P<0.01）,the independent mediating effect of occupational deviant behavior（β=0.064,P<0.01）,and the chain mediating effect of occupational stress response and occupational deviant behavior（β=0.068,P<0.01）,accounting for 7.5% of the total effect,with a total mediating effect value of 0.533,accounting for 58.6% of the total effect. Conclusion The occupational stress response and occupational deviant behavior of 401 nephrology nurses play an intermediary role between role overload and mental health literacy. Reducing occupational stress response level and occupational deviant behavior can promote the improvement of mental health literacy of nephrology nurses.

Monitoring and analysis of influencing factors of occupational health literacy among five occupational groups in tertiary industry of Zhongjiang County in 2023

XIE Jun, XIAO Chao, LI Decai

2025, 41(7):  930-935. 

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Objective To analyze the occupational health literacy levels and influencing factors among five occupational groups in the tertiary industry of Zhongjiang County,including teachers,medical staff,sanitation workers,drivers,and express/takeaway delivery personnel,in order to provide data basis for the country to formulate policies to improve occupational health literacy. Methods Relying on the 2023 national key population occupational health literacy monitoring and intervention program,probability proportionate to size sampling（PPS） method was used to carry out probability sampling proportional to population size. Four schools,five medical and health institutions,one environmental health center,eleven transportation companies,two food delivery companies,and six express delivery companies in the county were randomly selected to conduct personal questionnaire monitoring of their frontline workers. Results A total of 243 teachers,234 medical staff,230 sanitation workers,232 drivers,and 226 express/delivery personnel were surveyed in this survey. The overall occupational health literacy level among the five occupational groups was 41.72%,ranked from high to low as follows：medical staff at 75.21%,teachers at 47.74%,drivers at 33.62%,express/takeaway delivery workers at 29.20%,and sanitation workers at 21.74%. There was a statistically significant differences in the occupational health literacy rates among the five occupational groups（χ²=170.171,P<0.01）. There was a statistically significant difference in the occupational health literacy level of drivers of different ages（P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the occupational health literacy levels of medical staff with different marital statuses and educational level（both P<0.05）. There was a statistically significant difference in the occupational health literacy level of sanitation workers with different educational levels（P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the occupational health literacy levels of express/takeaway delivery personnel with different educational levels and average weekly working hours（both P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the occupational health literacy level of the total population with different gender,age,marital status,educational level,actual average monthly income,and household registration type（all P<0.05）. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that educational level and actual average monthly income were independent influencing factors affecting the level of occupational health literacy in the general population（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The overall occupational health literacy level among the five occupational groups in Zhongjiang County is low,indicating a higher risk of occupational injuries. Special interventions are needed to enhance the occupational health literacy of workers in the transportation,express/delivery,and environmental health industries.

Epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal clustering analysis of bacillary dysentery in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing from 2020 to 2023

ZHOU Huixian, YAO Yuan, DENG Chunyan, WU Shuang, LONG Qianjin

2025, 41(7):  936-941. 

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Objective To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of bacterial dysentery（BD） in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing from 2020 to 2023,identify high-risk areas spatially and temporally,so as to provide a basis for the monitoring,prevention and control of BD in Jiulongpo District. Methods The monthly incidence numbers of BD in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing from 2020 to 2023 were derived from the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System". Descriptive epidemiological research methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the disease,Joinpoint regression analysis was used to evaluate the trend of incidence rise and fall,circular distribution method was used to describe seasonal characteristics,and spatial autocorrelation and spatiotemporal scanning statistics were used to explore the spatiotemporal distribution of incidence. Results From 2020 to 2023,a cumulative total of 1 482 BD cases were reported in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 24.27/100 000,and the incidence rate showed a downward trend year by year（APC=-20.30%,AAPC=-20.30%,95%CI：-24.90%- -16.19%,P<0.05）. There was significant seasonality from 2020 to 2022,with peak days mainly occurring from July to September,with the earliest peak appearing in April and the latest in December. The male to female sex ratio was 1.05 ∶ 1,and the incidence of the disease mainly affected diaspora children under 5 years old. From 2020 to 2023,the global spatial autocorrelation and local autocorrelation of BD incidence rate in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing City were statistically significant（both P<0.05）,and the High-High clustering pattern was mainly concentrated in Huangjueping Street,Yangjiaping Street,Shipingqiao Street and Xiejiawan Street. The spatio-temporal scanning analysis showed that the BD aggregation time in 2020 was from May to October,in 2021 it was from March to September,in 2022 it was from January to September,and in 2023 it was from January to July. Conclusion As a key prevention and control area for BD,Jiulongpo District in Chongqing should further create a good hygiene environment,carry out BD health education,improve diagnostic accuracy,and combine seasonal high incidence and disease spectrum characteristics to control the spread and prevalence of BD.

Research on health status and nursing needs of empty-nested elderly in rural areas of Songzi City under the background of rural revitalization

XIE Bing, ZHOU Chenyibei, HUANG Xing, WANG Rong, FU Dou, OUYANG Yanqiong

2025, 41(7):  942-947. 

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Objective To investigate the health status and nursing needs of rural empty-nested elderly,provide a basis for improving their health level,and accumulate data for constructing a new model for rural old-age care. Methods From March to June 2023,a total of 683 elderly people aged 60 and above were selected from 10 townships in Songzi City,Hubei Province as survey subjects. The EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire（EQ-5D） and the care needs questionnaire were used for the survey. Use methods such as t-test and multiple linear regression for data analysis. Results 90.34% of empty nesters suffered from chronic diseases,and the dimension with the highest proportion of difficulty in self-evaluation in the EQ-5D health description system was pain or discomfort. The EQ-5D index score was （0.877±0.131）points,and the EQ-VAS score was （75.19±17.05）points. Educational level and medical payment methods were positively correlated with the EQ-5D health description scores（both P<0.05）. The score of total nursing needs of empty nest elderly was （3.32±0.96）points,and the top two nursing needs in the rankings were "providing regular health checkups" and "establishment of health counseling hotline". The nursing needs of those who rated themselves as having difficulty with "pain or discomfort" and "anxiety or depression" were higher than those who rated themselves as not having difficulty（both P<0.05）. Conclusion The proportion of empty-nesting elderly people in rural areas of Songzi City,Hubei Province suffering from chronic physical and mental diseases is high,and their health status is average. There is a great demand for nursing services,and the health management and nursing services for rural elderly people urgently need to be improved.

Survey on current status of health care managers' knowledge of the code of hygiene for the design of public places

NI Jun, ZHANG Lijun, ZHENG Yiming, LIU Yongping, CHEN Jian, ZHANG Liping

2025, 41(7):  948-953. 

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Objective To understand the attention of health management personnel about the design of sanitary facilities in public places and their knowledge of the code of hygiene for the design of public places. Methods From March to April 2023,according to the principle of cluster sampling,public health facilities in one provincial capital city,one prefecture level city,and one county-level city of 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China were sampled. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the knowledge of health management personnel about the "code of hygiene for the design of public places",and the survey results were statistically analyzed to track and evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the standards. Results A total of 4 030 health management personnel were surveyed,and the questionnaire had an effective rate of 100%. 83.4% of the managers were aware of this standard,with a high awareness rate of the standard. The comparison of standard awareness rates among managers of different ages,educational backgrounds,professional titles,years of work experience,regions,and public places showed statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. The proportion of familiarity among management personnel with the first,second,and fifth parts of the "Norms" was relatively high,accounting for 87.6%,73.5%,and 71.4% respectively. The vast majority of personnel mainly learned about this standard through meetings and documents,and all personnel had participated in internal training,accounting for 75.6%,or external training,accounting for 71.6%. The majority of external training was organized by the health supervision department,accounting for 66.2%. On the whole,80% of the public places served by health management personnel had relatively complete sanitation facilities. Conclusion The awareness rate of standards among health management personnel in public places is relatively high,and the training conducted by the health department is still the first way for management personnel to obtain the standard norms. Targeted training and supervision should be increased for these management personnel to enhance their understanding and improve the industry's hygiene environment.

Analysis on disease spectrum of group A,B,and C infectious diseases among primary and secondary school students in Tongzhou District of Beijing from 2013 to 2023 academic year

LI Yuanyuan, SU Yanping, WU Qin, SUN Xiaowei, CHEN Zhihua, ZHANG Guofeng

2025, 41(7):  954-958. 

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Objective To analyze the secular trends,ranking change,and age-characteristics of leading infectious diseases among primary and secondary school students in Tongzhou District of Beijing from 2013 to 2023,in order to grasp the spectrum of Class A,B,and C infectious diseases in Tongzhou District and evaluate its ability to prevent and control infectious diseases. Methods Select cases of Class A,B,and C infectious diseases among primary and secondary school students aged 6-18 from the information system of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the academic year of 2013-2023 for descriptive analysis. Results The average reported incidence of primary and secondary school students in the academic year 2013-2023 was 1 369 cases,and the average incidence rate was 1 415.72/1 000 000. With the increase of the academic year,there was no obvious trend in the incidence rate of A,B and C infectious diseases,and the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. The incidence pattern of Class A,B and C infectious diseases was mainly related to the change trend of influenza in Class C infectious diseases. In the school year 2013-2023,there were 10 kinds of Class B infectious diseases reported in primary and secondary school population. The top three diseases with incidence rate in the school year were scarlet fever（54.50/100 000）,dysentery（1 210/100 000）,and tuberculosis（507/100 000）. After the school year 2021,pertussis replaced tuberculosis in the top three infectious diseases of Class A and B. Influenza,hand foot mouth disease and other infectious diarrhea in Class C infectious diseases were the main infectious diseases in Class A,B and C in all age groups. Conclusion During the school year 2013-2023,the ability of Tongzhou District to prevent and control infectious diseases among primary and secondary school students has improved,but the characteristics of infectious diseases show that Tongzhou District still needs to improve its ability to prevent and control respiratory infectious diseases and new infectious diseases.

Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of poor eyesight in primary and middle school students in Longwen District of Zhangzhou City in 2022

HUANG Yuying, HUANG Yujing, QIU Huimin

2025, 41(7):  959-964. 

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Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of primary and middle school students' poor eyesight in Longwen District of Zhangzhou,in order to provide a scientific basis for further effective prevention and control of students' poor eyesight. Methods In 2022,a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 826 primary and secondary school students from 6 schools for questionnaire survey and visual acuity examination,and the data were analyzed. Results The overall rate of poor eyesight among 1 826 primary and middle school students was 77.27%, with a higher rate among girls（83.13%） than boys（71.57%）（χ²=34.744,P<0.01）. The rates of poor eyesight among primary school students,junior high school students,and senior high school students were 62.92%,75.14%,and 91.70%,respectively,with statistically significant differences（χ²=151.402, P<0.01）. The rate of poor eyesight,myopia and the severity of poor eyesight were gradually increased with the rise of grade（χ²_trend=162.149,258.824,191.239,all P<0.01）. Frequently or consistently reading and writing with eyes more than one foot away from the book（OR=0.689,95%CI：0.540-0.879）,daily outdoor activity duration ≥ 1 hour（1-<2 h OR=0.614,95%CI：0.446-0.845;≥2 h OR=0.685,95%CI：0.475-0.985） were the protective factors for poor eyesight,while girl（OR=2.174,95%CI：1.701-2.778）,junior high school and above（junior high school OR=1.579,95%CI：1.164-2.141;senior high school OR=5.894,95%CI：3.928-8.844）,spending ≥1 h on homework after school（1-<2 h OR=1.644,95%CI：1.193-2.267;≥2 h OR=1.564,95%CI：1.085-2.254） and at least one parent had myopia（single parental myopia OR=2.010,95%CI：1.516-2.666;double parental myopia OR=5.833,95%CI：2.938-11.578） were the risk factors for poor eyesight. Conclusion In 2022,the problem of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students in Longwen District of Zhangzhou City is prominent. Students' eyesight is affected by genetic factors,bad eye habits and duration,etc. It is recommended to strengthen the cooperation among families,schools,society and other parties,establish a comprehensive prevention and control system in terms of rational use of eyes and outdoor activities,focus on prevention and control of key groups,in order to comprehensively and accurately prevent and control the problem of students' poor eyesight and thus improve the visual condition of students.

Meta-analysis of risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis in Chinese population

WANG Yanjie, YUAN Liting, HU Pengyuan, FAN Xiaolei, Mireyi Jumanali, XIANG Yang

2025, 41(7):  965-970. 

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Objective To analyze the main risk factors for the occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis in China residents,laying the foundation for the prevention and control of tuberculosis epidemic in the later stage. Methods Using "tuberculosis""risk factors" and "tuberculosis" as search terms,the literature published from January 1,2001 to October 31,2023 was searched through Wanfang,VIP,Pubmed,Medline and EMBASE databases,etc. The literatures were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the relevant information was extracted. RevMan 5.3 was used as the analysis software to analyze the literature related data. Results Totally 37 articles were included,and the combined OR（95%CI） of various related factors in the case-control study design types were smoking[1.58（1.46-1.72）],male[1.41（1.26-1.59）],age[1.53（1.37-1.70）],poor family economic status[1.60（1.34-1.91）],exposure to dust environment at work[1.69（1.47-1.95）],high labor intensity[2.20（1.86-2.60）],low body mass index（BMI）[2.16（1.82-2.57）],farmers[1.41（1.19-1.67）],high psychological pressure[1.16（1.09-1.24）],poor housing conditions[5.53（4.80-6.39）],floating population[3.29（2.76-3.92）],staying up late[2.14（1.54-2.95）],history of BCG vaccination[0.52（0.45-0.61）],high educational level[0.55（0.49-0.60）],and married[0.83（0.75-0.91）]. In cross-sectional studies,the OR（95%CI） for the combination of relevant factors was the history of the disease[7.21（5.12-10.17）]. Conclusion Smoking,male, age,poor family economic status,work exposure to dust environment,high labor intensity,low BMI,high psychological pressure,poor housing condition,epidemic population,and staying up late were the risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis. Effective health interventions should be carried out for the above factors in high-risk population of tuberculosis.

Meta-analysis of the detection rate of prehypertension among college students in China

XIANG Fengling, WANG Xiaoyan, HE Shengjie, YANG Xiu, GAN Jinhua

2025, 41(7):  971-975. 

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Objective To systematically analyze the detection rate of prehypertension（PHT） among Chinese college students,analyze the epidemiological characteristics of PHT among Chinese college students,and provide reference for PHT screening and prevention among college students. Methods Retrieve relevant literature on the detection rate of PHT among Chinese university students from databases including China Biomedical Database,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and Cochrane Library from the establishment of the database to October 2023. Literature screening,data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two researchers using Stata 17.0 software for meta-analysis of overall detection rates. Results A total of 41 studies were included,with a total sample size of 131,144 cases,and the overall detection rate of PHT in Chinese college students was 31.0%（95%CI：26.0%-35.9%）. The subgroup results showed that the detection rate of PHT among male and female college students in China was 43.8% and 22.2%,respectively. The detection rate in urban and rural areas were 35.8% and 37.2%,respectively. The detection rate in the south and north were 28.1% and 34.6%,respectively. The detection rate of alcohol consumption and non-alcohol consumption was 49.0% and 30.7%,respectively. The detection rate of smoking and non-smoking was 54.7% and 30.3%,respectively. The detection rate of overweight,obesity,non-overweight was 49.4%,57.0% and 25.4%,respectively. The detection rate of regular exercise and occasional or no exercise were 23.2% and 32.1%,respectively. The detection rate of daily emotional stress and peace was 25.4% and 18.2%,respectively. The detection rate from 2016 to 2021 and from 2005 to 2015 was 33.5% and 26.9%,respectively. Conclusion Chinese college students have a high detection rate of PHT,and it is recommended to focus on male,rural,northern,smoking and drinking,overweight and obesity,occasional or non exercise,and daily emotional stress college students,and move the prevention checkpoint forward.

Analysis of factors influencing infectious disease health literacy among community residents based on logistic regression and decision tree

YUE Shuling, ZHANG Wei, MA Jianying, ZHANG Xiaosong, LU Yuzhen, ZHANG Weihong

2025, 41(7):  976-980. 

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Objective To conduct an in-depth analysis of the influencing factors of infectious disease health literacy among community residents using decision trees and logistic regression models,and provide reference for community nurses to take measures. Methods From March to June 2022,a total of 1 795 community residents were selected by convenience sampling for questionnaire survey. The influencing factors of infectious disease health literacy of community residents were analyzed by constructing decision tree and logistic regression models,and the prediction effects of the two models were compared. Results The logistic regression model results showed that education level,monthly income,whether to participate in health education,frequency of Internet use,establishment of health file,and age were the factors affecting the infectious disease health literacy among community residents（all P<0.05）. The results of decision tree model analysis showed that education level,perceived social support, frequency of Internet use,whether to participate in health education,family function,self-rated physical health status,and age were the factors influencing the health literacy of community residents（all P<0.05）. The sensitivity of the logistic regression model was 75.5%,the specificity was 82.0%,and the area under the ROC curve was 0.859. The sensitivity of the decision tree model was 78.9%,the specificity was 76.4%,and the area under the ROC curve was 0.851. There was no statistically significant difference in the area under the ROC curve between the two models（Z=1.640,P>0.05）. Conclusion The combination of logistic regression model and decision tree model can provide a more comprehensive explanation for the influencing factors of infectious disease health literacy in community residents and has a high application value,and provide the basis for community nurses to take targeted prevention and nursing intervention.

Investigation and Research

Investigation on situation of dental radiotherapy equipment in Chaoyang District of Beijing

GAO Yanhui, LI Jiejun, WANG Lei, LIU Yaning, WANG Yiyun, ZHAO Hongfeng

2025, 41(7):  981-984. 

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Objective To understand the configuration,operation,workers and protection of dental radiotherapy equipment in Chaoyang District of Beijing,and provide reference for scientific management by regulatory authorities. Methods In 2023,relevant information on radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions equipped with oral X-ray equipment was collected through the Beijing Radiation Health Monitoring Database,and a unified survey form was developed to investigate dental clinics. Results There were 845 radiation workers in 336 radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions,with more women than men and an average age of 41 years old. There were a total of 612 oral X-ray equipment,with the highest proportion of first level medical institutions only equipped with intraoral dental machine（χ²=43.460,P<0.05）,and the highest proportion of third level medical institutions equipped with both extraoral and intraoral dental machines（χ²=22.200,P<0.05）. The allocation proportion of panoramic machines and CBCT were both the highest in clinics（χ²=52.640,65.900,both P<0.05）. The ratio of domestic equipment and imported equipment was 0.71 ∶ 1. The equipment rate of large collar lead rubber neck sleeve was >100% except the dental clinic. Among the 336 radiotherapy institutions,the highest proportion of radiologist operating equipment was 43.6% in primary hospitals and 51.6% in tertiary hospitals,the highest proportion of nurses operating equipment was 54.2% in secondary hospitals,and the highest proportion of doctors operating equipment was 60.1% in clinics. Conclusion The resources of oral radiation diagnosis and treatment equipment in Chaoyang District are at a leading level in Beijing,with 69% of radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions equipped with complete types of dental X-ray equipment,which can better meet the examination needs of different patients and dental diseases. The overall configuration of radiologists is insufficient,and the supervision of dental clinics should be strengthened from the perspective of the management of radiology staff and the provision of protective equipment.

Health Management and Research

Equity and predictive analysis of bed allocation in specialized public health institutions in the Chengdu-Chongqing-Luzhou region in the context of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle

ZHOU Minghua

2025, 41(7):  985-989. 

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Objective To analyze the equity of bed allocation in specialized public health institutions in the Chengdu-Chongqing-Luzhou region from 2017 to 2021,and predict the development in the next five years,in order to provide a scientific basis for promoting the coordinated development of regional public health care. Methods The Gini coefficient,Theil index and health resource agglomeration degree were used to analyze the equity of bed allocation in specialized public health institutions in the Chengdu-Chongqing-Luzhou region,and the grey GM（1,1） was used to predict the development in the next five years. Results The Gini coefficient by population and economic allocation was below 0.4 in Chengdu,above 0.4 in Chongqing,and above 0.5 in Luzhou. In terms of allocation by population,the Theil index ranged from 0.025 to 0.067 in Chengdu,from 0.159 to 0.235 in Chongqing,and from 0.279 to 0.361 in Luzhou. In terms of allocation by geography,the Theil index ranged from 0.154 to 0.173 in Chengdu,from 0.237 to 0.271 in Chongqing,and from 0.386 to 0.485 in Luzhou. In terms of allocation by economy,the Theil index ranged from 0.070 to 0.094 in Chengdu,from 0.167 to 0.316 in Chongqing,and from 0.226 to 0.447 in Luzhou. In terms of health resource agglomeration degree（HRAD）,the specialized public health institution beds were mainly concentrated in the first circle in Chengdu,in the metropolitan area in Chongqing,and in the three districts in Luzhou. The specialized public health institution beds in the first and second circle of Chengdu,the metropolitan area of Chongqing,and the four counties of Luzhou were all insufficient relative to the agglomeration population and economy. Conclusion Chengdu has better equity than Chongqing,and Chongqing has better equity than Luzhou. Inequity by geography and economy in Chengdu mainly comes from inter-region,and inequity in Luzhou mainly comes from intra-region. There are situations in Chengdu and Chongqing where equity by geography is at odds with equity by population and economy,and in Luzhou where equity by geography,population and economy are aligned.

Practice and exploration of management model for targeted support and precise assistance in talent training

BAI Linru, DU Yue, YANG Yongxin, ZOU Xinzhong, ZHOU Wenhong, LIU Bo

2025, 41(7):  990-994. 

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Objective To implement the key tasks of the Tianjin counterpart assistance framework agreement,leverage its advantages in the construction of medical groups,key disciplines,and information technology,utilize internal resources of the system,and promote the orderly development of medical rescue work in Qingshui County of Gansu Province. Methods Through field research,questionnaire surveys and other methods,a survey and analysis were conducted on the medical and talent cultivation situation of Qingshui County People's Hospital from 2016 to 2022. Totally 313 valid self filled questionnaires were collected from medical staff of the assisted hospitals through online questionnaire star. Results Through the effective implementation of health poverty alleviation and targeted assistance work,leveraging the talent and technical advantages of the expert team of Tianjin Second Hospital,we continuously promote the orderly sinking of high-quality medical resources,and make breakthroughs in the standardized diagnosis and treatment of common and multiple diseases and the improvement of clinical medical quality,cultivate a group of technically strong technical backbone for the People's Hospital of Qingshui County,effectively improve the overall level of medical technology at the People's Hospital of Qingshui County through medical support,training and teaching,remote consultations and other forms,so that its medical treatment capacity can meet the needs of graded diagnosis and treatment work in Gansu Province. Conclusion During the assistance period,the hospital has organized expert teams multiple times to conduct in-depth exchanges with the People's Hospital of Qingshui County. They held symposiums at different levels and exchanged opinions with the recipient areas on corresponding support work,proposing the work ideas of two transformations and two equal emphasis,as well as specific measures in eight aspects.

Overview

Research progress on nurses' sense of professional respect

WANG Shuting, FENG Feng, LIU Fule

2025, 41(7):  995-998. 

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Nurses plays a very important role in the medical structure in China,but the nurse turnover rate increases due to high occupational pressure,public cognitive deviations towards this profession and other factors. As a positive motivating factor for nursing staff,professional respect plays an important role in maintaining the stable development of the nursing team. This paper reviews the assessment tools,influencing factors and functions of nurses' sense of professional respect,and proposes relevant maintenance strategies,in order to provide reference for nursing managers to construct intervention programs to improve nurses' sense of professional respect,thereby improving nurses' job satisfaction and promote the construction and development of nursing industry.

Pulmonary rehabilitation programs and research progress in patients with pneumoconiosis

CHEN Long, LIU Fang, HUANG Yuli, HUANG Nan, HU Qinghui, WANG Maoyuan

2025, 41(7):  999-1003. 

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Pneumoconiosis,a serious occupational disease,is a series of lung diseases caused by inhalation of mineral dust. Its main pathological features include chronic lung inflammation and progressive pulmonary fibrosis,and it has affected tens of millions of workers in related occupations worldwide. Currently,despite the deepening understanding of pneumoconiosis,clinical treatments for pneumoconiosis are still very limited. Most drug treatments only reduce lung damage and symptoms,and there is currently no cure. Pulmonary rehabilitation,as a comprehensive non-pharmacologic intervention,has shown promising prospects in improving clinical symptoms and quality of life in patients with respiratory diseases. Therefore,exploring new management models from the perspective of lung rehabilitation is crucial for improving the clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients with pneumoconiosis. To this end,this article reviews the rehabilitation protocols and research progress of pulmonary rehabilitation programs in pneumoconiosis at home and abroad,with the expectation that it will provide reference and new ideas for rehabilitation workers to develop personalized rehabilitation program options for their patients.

Research progress on influencing factors and intervention effects of job burnout

HAO Shuang, PENG Yunzhu

2025, 41(7):  1004-1008. 

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In the past few decades,job burnout has been a focus of research on occupational psychology by scholars in many countries. At present,scholars have constructed various theoretical models for job burnout and conducted research on the effectiveness of intervention measures for prevention and treatment,but there is still no mature theoretical model in the field of prevention and treatment. This article aims to provide a deeper understanding of job burnout by reviewing relevant literature on the concepts,influencing factors,prevention and treatment interventions of job burnout both domestically and internationally.