OCCUPATION AND HEALTH

Correlation analysis of occupational stress and quality of life of coal miners of different types of work and length of service

JI Zhigang, LI Tianlai, XU Yi, WANG Tian

2024, 40(2): 145-149.

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Objective To investigate the occupational stress and quality of life of coal miners,analyze the correlation between occupational stress and quality of life of coal miners of different types of work and length of service. Methods Using a cluster sampling method,810 coal miners from 12 coal mines in Shaanxi Province from June 2015 to June 2021 were selected as the study subjects by team as a unit to investigate the basic situation of coal miners. The occupational stress inventory revised edition （OSI-R） and 36-item short form health survey（SF-36） were used to evaluate the occupational stress and quality of life of coal miners. Results The overall occupational stress scores of underground workers（coal mining,excavation,underground auxiliary workers） were higher than that of surface workers（ground screening，ground auxiliary workers）（all P<0.05）.Among underground workers，excavation workers scored the highest.Among surface workers，the score of ground screening workerswas relatively high.The differences of score of occupational role questionnaire（ORQ），personal strain questionnaire（PSQ） and personal resources questionnaire（PRQ） among coal mine workers with different length of servicewere statistically significant（all P<0.05）.Among them，the score of ORQ[（161.26±24.03）points] and PSQ[（99.80±28.26）points] among workers with ≥10 years of length of service was the highest，while the score of PRQ[（129.06±20.78）points] among workers with 1?<3 years of length of service was the highest. The differences of score of physical health components（PHC），mental health components（MHC） and overall quality of life（QOL） among coal mine workers with different type of work and length of service were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Among them，the ground auxiliary workers and workers with 1?<3 years of length of service scored higher. The ORQ，PSQ and each dimension were negatively correlated with PHC，MHC，and QOL（all P<0.01），while PRQ and each dimension were positively correlated with PHC，MHC，and QOL（all P<0.01）. Conclusion The underground operation has a significant impact on occupational stress of coal miners，the level of occupational stress increases with the length of service，and underground operation has a significant impact on the quality of life of coal miners.

Analysis on influencing factors of job crafting based on job demand-resources theory among nurses in three hospitals in Zhengzhou City

DUAN Haoli, CHEN Songge, YIN Yue, YI Yinping

2024, 40(2): 150-154.

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Objective To understand the current situation of job crafting in nurses and analyze its influencing factors,provide the reference for improving the level of job crafting in nurses. Methods From August 2021 to March 2022,the questionnaire survey was conducted among 163 nurses in three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Zhengzhou City by the general information survey questionnaire,job crafting scale,basic psychological needs satisfaction scale,and work engagement scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total average scores of job crafting,work engagement scale and basic psychological needs satisfaction in nurses were （3.38±0.67）,（3.17±0.82） and （4.46±0.92）points,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of job crafting among nurses with different age,number of children,years of work experience,technical title,physical condition,job income satisfaction and job satisfaction（all P<0.05）. The total scores of job crafting and scores of each dimension were positively correlated with the total scores of work engagement and basic psychological needs satisfaction and scores of each dimension（r=0.426-0.735,all P<0.01）. The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that number of children,dedication,competence and autonomy were the influencing factors of nurses' job crafting（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The nurses' job crafting is at a slightly above average level,and the hospital management departments should create a healthy working environment,improve the nursing colleagues support system and reward system,actively encourage innovative work,meet the basic psychological needs of nurses,improve their work engagement level,and better stimulate the job crafting behavior among nurses.

Analysis on noise spectrum characteristics and noise prevention measures for a washing equipment manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou City

FAN Xiaomeng, TANG Shuangshuang, FENG Yuchao, ZHANG Hai, ZHOU Liping, WANG Zhi

2024, 40(2): 155-159.

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Objective To understand the noise intensity and spectrum characteristics of a washing equipment manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou City,analyze the reasons for excessive noise,and provide support for noise hazard prevention and control. Methods In July 2022,a occupational hygiene on-site survey was conducted on a washing equipment manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou,the equivalent sound level and noise spectrum of employees during work were measured and analyzed by individual testing and fixed-point testing. Results The L_EX,8h of employees in different positions of a washing equipment manufacturing enterprise ranged from 80.3-101.1 dB（A）,with a noise exceeding rate of 71.4%.The positions such as lathes,drilling machines,hydraulic press operations,CNC punching machines,plate cutting,bending had high noise exposure at low and medium frequencies.All welding positions were mainly subject to medium and high frequency noise.The washing machine assembly positions mainly focused on medium and low noise.The noise spectrum characteristics of mobile positions such as boiler operation,equipment testing,forklift operation,and quality inspection were similar,with medium to low frequency noise being the main source. Conclusions The noise exposure level of noise work positions in this enterprise exceeds the standard,and the noise hazards are relatively serious.The noise exhibits broadband spectral characteristics of low,medium,and high frequencies. Measures such as improving processes,engineering control,organizational management,individual protection,and hearing protection plans should be taken to protect employees' hearing health.

Effect of postgraduate tutors' job stress and job burnout on engagement

NI Guodong, ZHOU Qiandi, FAN Shaowei, ZHANG Tingting, WANG Wenshun, SHI Dan

2024, 40(2): 160-165.

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Objective To explore the influence mechanism of postgraduate tutors' job stress on engagement,test the mediating effect of job burnout and the moderating effect of organizational identity. Methods By the cross-sectional survey method,a questionnaire investigation was conducted among 280 postgraduate tutors in a 211 university in Jiangsu Province from March to April 2022 by using the work stress scale,job burnout scale,engagement scale and organizational identification scale. The data were analyzed via the methods of regression analysis and structural equation model analysis. Results The average scores of job stress,job burnout,engagement and organizational identification of 280 postgraduate tutors in a 211 university in Jiangsu Province were （88.50±15.75）,（33.15±10.65）,（55.65±7.05） and （19.15±3.41）points,respectively. The job stress was positively correlated with job burnout（r=0.591,P<0.01）,and negatively correlated with organizational identification and engagement（r=-0.272,-0.340,both P<0.01）,job burnout was negatively correlated with engagement and organizational identification（r=-0.432,-0.310,both P<0.01）,and organizational identification was positively correlated with engagement（r=0.452,P<0.01）. The job burnout played a partial mediating role between job stress and engagement,and the mediating efficiency was 82.98%. And the first half of the mediating effect of job burnout was moderated by organizational identification（B=-0.190,P<0.01）. Conclusion The postgraduate tutors' job stress can not only directly negatively affect the engagement,but also indirectly negatively affect the engagement through job burnout,and the organizational identification plays a negative moderating role between job stress and job burnout.

Effect of combined noise and dust on ECG and blood pressure of calcium carbonate processing staff

LI Yan, YU Qiuyan, LIAO Peijuan, LIN Yanmei, XU Xiaowen, QIU Ting

2024, 40(2): 166-169.

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Objective To investigate the effects of combined noise and dust on ECG and blood pressure in calcium carbonate processing workers. Methods From January to June 2022,907 workers in the calcium carbonate processing industry exposed to dust or noise and 482 administrators without dust or noise exposure in Hezhou City were selected as the study subjects. The physical examination information of the subjects was collect and the impact of noise combined with dust on ECG and blood pressure of workers in calcium carbonate processing industry was analyzed. Results The incidence of abnormal ECG and abnormal blood pressure of related personnel in calcium carbonate processing industry（12.97% and 20.84%） was greatly higher than that of administrative personnel without dust and noise exposure（5.60% and 11.20%）（both P<0.05）.The results of single factor analysis showed that the occurrence of abnormal ECG and abnormal blood pressure of relevant personnel in calcium carbonate processing industry were affected by gender,age,body mass index,working years and occupational exposure types of practitioners（all P<0.05）.In addition,abnormal blood pressure was also affected by smoking and drinking among staff（P<0.05）.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the workers in calcium carbonate processing industry exposed to dust alone,the workers exposed to noise and dust had a higher risk of abnormal ECG（OR=4.728,95%CI：1.857-12.102） and higher risk of abnormal blood pressure（OR=5.076,95%CI：3.348-7.695）. Conclusion Both the simple dust effect and the combined effect of noise and dust will affect the ECG and blood pressure related to calcium carbonate processing industry,and the combined effect of noise and dust is more significant.

Occupational health risk assessment of noise-induced hearing loss in the wooden furniture manufacturing industry

YANG Yajun, YU Qiaoli, FU Xiaolan, DUAN Yong, SHI Xiongjie, WANG Cheng

2024, 40(2): 170-175.

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Objective To assess the occupational health risk of noise-induced hearing loss amongoperators in the wooden furniture manufacturing industry and determine the key riskpoints. Methods From 2021 to 2023,the work place of 39 wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises and 852 wooden furniture noise operators were selected as the research subjects in the high-tech Zone of Changshou District in Chongqing City.The noise intensity in the workplace of the enterprise was measured and the individual noise exposure level was carried out in the noise-exposed workers. GBZ/T 229.4-2012 Classification of Occupational Hazards at Workplaces used to evaluate the hazardous degree of noise in different posts.The risk of high-frequency hearing loss（HFHL） and occupational noise-induced deafness（ONID） in noise-exposed workers in different posts at 50,55 and 60 years old were predicted by WS/T 754-2016 Guideline for Risk Management of Occupational Noise Hazard. Results The noise in the workplace of the wooden furniture manufacturing industry was found to exceed the occupational exposure limits with the rate of 32.7%.The maximum level of normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal 8 h working day or 40 h working week of exposure to noise in workers of 10 posts was 87.3-96.5 dB（A）. The noise hazards of the posts including planting,edge banding,precision cutting,carving,polishing were moderate,and cutting,production and special-shaped were serious except for the sanding and painting posts.The detection rates of HFHL and ONID were 15.7% and 6.6%.The risk of HFHL and ONID among operators caused by noise in various positions increased with the number of years of exposure,among them,the risk of HFHL among cutting workers,production workers,special-shaped worker,precision cutting workers and carving workers at the age of ≥50 was relatively high.The risk of HFHL among operators except for sanders and painters was relatively high when they reach the age of 60.The risk of ONID among cutting workers,production workers,special-shaped worker,edge banding worker,precision cutting workers,carving workers and polishing workers at the age of ≥50 was relatively high.The risk of ONID among cutting workers and production workers was high when they reach the age of 60. Conclusions The noise exposure intensity is high in the workplace of the wooden furniture manufacturing industry.The posts of cutting,production,special-shaped,edge banding,precision cutting,carvingand polishing are the key risk points,and operators have a higher risk of high-frequency hearing loss and occupational noise deafness.

Analysis on correlation between job burnout and sleep quality of grass-roots civil servants

CUI Yue, SHEN Yuhua, ZHU Wenli

2024, 40(2): 176-179.

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Objective To understand the current situation of job burnout of grass-roots civil servants in Wuhu City,analyze the correlation between job burnout and sleep quality. Methods Totally 379 grass-roots civil servants from sub-street offices and district functional departments in Wuhu City were selected as research objects by convenient sampling method from March to September 2022. The general information questionnaire,Maslach burnout inventory-General Survey（MBI-GS） and Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI） were used for questionnaire survey. Results The total score[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] of job burnout in 379 grass-roots civil servants of Wuhu City was [22（12,34）]points,and the total score of sleep quality was [5（3,8）]points. The score of job burnout was positively correlated with the total score of sleep quality and the scores of each dimension（all P<0.05）. The results of univariate analysis showed that the differences in the scores of job burnout were statistically significant among grass-roots civil servants with different marital status,age,working years and welfare satisfaction（all P<0.05）. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that the daytime dysfunction in PSQI could explain 14.1% of the total variation of job burnout in grass-roots civil servants. Conclusions The current situation of job burnout of grass-roots civil servants in Wuhu City is serious,and the sleep quality has a positive predictive effect on job burnout. The government departments and units can develop more perfect welfare systems according to different departments and people,improve the "stay up late" working mode,cut down the cumbersome procedures,stimulate the enthusiasm of grass-roots civil servants,and ensure their sleep quality,so as to alleviate their job burnout.

Analysis on results of common risk factors of cardiovascular disease among vehicle divers in Chengdu City

CHEN Yanling, HUANG Wei, WEI Qin, NIE Fumei, FAN Lei, SUN Taolan

2024, 40(2): 180-184.

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Objective To analyze the examination results of blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose,blood lipid and body mass index（BMI） among professional vehicle divers in a bus company in Chengdu City,then combined with questionnaire survey to provide evidence for health management of cardiovascular disease（CVD） for them. Methods From October to December 2021,a retrospective analysis was performed on the examination results of blood pressure,plasma glucose,blood lipid and BMI among 659 professional vehicle divers in a bus company in Chengdu City,who underwent occupational health examination in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College·China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital,and compared with 713 ordinary healthy individuals engaged in office work. The results of occupational motor vehicle drivers in different genders and age groups were compared,and a questionnaire survey was conducted on some drivers. Results The actual measured values and abnormal detection rate of BMI and fasting plasma glucose in professional vehicle divers were higher than those in the control group（all P<0.05）,but the actual measured value of blood pressure was higher than that in the control group,and the difference in the abnormal detection rate was not statistically significant between the diver group and the control group（P>0.05）. The detection rate of overweight and obesity in professional vehicle divers was 72.9%,and the detection rate of elevated fasting plasma glucose was 28.2%,which were higher than those in the control group（all P<0.05）. The detection rate of dyslipidemia was 65.1%. The detection rate of overweight and obesity in male professional vehicle drivers was 74.0%,the detection rate of elevated fasting plasma glucose was 29.1%,and the detection rate of dyslipidemia was 65.2%,which were higher than those in females（all P<0.05）. The detection rate of overweight and obesity,elevated fasting plasma glucose and dyslipidemia in drivers increased with age（all P<0.05）. The difference in the dyslipidemia was not statistically significant between the diver group and the control group,and there was no trend of increasing with age（all P>0.05）. The questionnaire survey results indicated that the drivers of the company had CVD related unhealthy behaviors such as long working hours,insufficient time spent getting off the vehicle,irregular meals,and insufficient water intake. Conclusion The risk factors of CVD among drivers of the company are serious,the professional vehicle drivers and their employers should pay attention to,and it is necessary to develop targeted health intervention plans.

Intermediary role of psychological flexibility between job burnout and mental health of obstetrics and gynecology nurses

CHEN Haiyan, FANG Min, YE Jianhua, WANG Hongying

2024, 40(2): 185-189.

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Objective To understand the psychological flexibility,job burnout and mental health of obstetrics and gynecology nurses,explore the intermediary role of psychological flexibility between job burnout and mental health. Methods A simple random sampling method was used to select 178 obstetrics and gynecology nurses from five general hospitals in Wuhan City from January to February 2023 as the subjects of investigation. The general situation scale,psychological flexibility scale,job burnout scale and symptom checklist 90（SCL-90） were used in survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of psychological flexibility of obstetrics and gynecology nurses was （32.28±5.19）points,the score of job burnout was （59.34±8.15）points,and the score of SCL-90 was （189.13±42.54）points. The differences in the scores of psychological flexibility among gynecological and obstetric nurses with different age,working years,professional title and monthly income were significantly different（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the job burnout scores among gynecological and obstetric nurses with different age,working years,professional title,marital status,monthly income and the number of night shifts per month（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the SCL-90 scores among gynecological and obstetric nurses with different working years,professional titles,monthly income and number of night shifts per month（all P<0.05）. The psychological flexibility was negatively correlated with job burnout and SCL-90（r=-0.584,-0.628,both P<0.01）,and job burnout was positively correlated with SCL-90（r=0.607,P<0.01）. The psychological flexibility of obstetrics and gynecology nurses played a partial intermediary role between job burnout and mental health,and the intermediary effect was -0.229,accounting for 41.49% of the total effect. Conclusion The psychological flexibility of gynecology and obstetrics nurses from five general hospitals in Wuhan City plays a partial intermediary role between job burnout and mental health,and nursing managers can improve nurses' mental health by improving the level of psychological flexibility.

The influence of hospice care stress and death anxiety on job burnout of elderly internal medicine nurses in some hospitals in Beijing City

LI Xuefeng, QIU Jinwei, WANG Ying, WANG Xiaoqing

2024, 40(2): 190-194.

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Objective To investigate the job burnout of elderly internal medicine nurses in some hospitals in Beijing City,and to explore the effects of hospice care pressure and death anxiety on job burnout. Methods From January to March 2022,a total of 186 geriatric internal medicine nurses from 6 tertiary hospitals in Beijing were selected by convenience sampling Method as the survey objects.The hospice care stress scale,death anxiety scale and job burnout scale were used to investigate and the data was analyzed. Results The scores of hospice care stress,death anxiety and job burnout of elderly medical nurses were（128.46±14.28）,（6.12±1.48） and（61.42±12.28） points,respectively.The hospice care stress scores of geriatric internal medicine nurses with different ages,professional titles,working years,the number of patients taking care of dying diseases,the number of funerals and whether to participate in hospice care related training were statistically significant（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significant differences in death anxiety scores among geriatric internal medicine nurses with different ages,professional titles,working years,the number of patients taking care of dying diseases,the number of funerals and whether participated in hospice related training（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significant differences in job burnout scores among geriatric internal medicine nurses with different ages,professional titles,working years,number of patients taking care of dying diseases and whether they participated in hospice related training（all P<0.05）. There were positive correlations between hospice care stress scores and job burnout scores of geriatric nurses（r=0.562,P<0.01）,death anxiety scores and job burnout scores（r=0.584,P<0.01）,and there was a positive correlation between hospice care stress scores and death anxiety scores（r=0.648,P<0.01）.Hospice care stress and death anxiety could jointly explain 36.2%of the variation of job burnout of geriatric nurses. Conclusion The hospice care pressure and death anxiety of elderly medical nurses have significant effects on job burnout,and reducing hospice care pressure and death anxiety is helpful to reduce their job burnout level.

Effects of 1-nitropyrene on lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through autophagy pathway

FU Yucong, WANG Meng, LIU Shengjie, ZHAO Lile, ZHANG Xumei, ZHANG Liwen

2024, 40(2): 195-199.

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Objective By using the Caenorhabditis elegans model（hereafter referred to as C. elegans）,to investigate the effects of 1-nitropyrene（1-NP） on the lifespan of C. elegans and the role of autophagy in the impact of lifespan. Methods The effects of subacute exposure（five days） of 1-NP（0,10^-4,10^-2,10²,10⁴ ng/L） on the life span of C. elegans were studied under normal culture conditions. The effects of 1-NP on health indicators（body length,exercise capacity and lipofuscin） and longevity of C. elegans were observed. The expression of autophagy related marker genes（bec-1 and lgg-1） was detected by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction（qRT-PCR）. Results Compared with the control group,1-NP could significantly reduce the lifespan of C. elegans,and 10⁴ ng/L group had the most significant effect,with a reduction rate of 28.2%. 1-NP（10⁴ ng/L） decreased the body length of C. elegans（P<0.05） and the expression levels of key autophagy genes（bec-1 and lgg-1）（P<0.05）,increased lipofuscin accumulation in C. elegans（P<0.05）. Conclusion 1-NP can shorten the lifespan of C. elegans by decreasing the autophagy level in C. elegans.

Risk assessment of residual levels of four anti-coccidiosis drugs in chicken and eggs in Yunnan Province

DU Fengling, ZHONG Jiao, QIN Guanghe, LUAN Jie

2024, 40(2): 200-204.

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Objective By using the Caenorhabditis elegans model（hereafter referred to as C. elegans）,to investigate the effects of 1-nitropyrene（1-NP） on the lifespan of C. elegans and the role of autophagy in the impact of lifespan. Methods The effects of subacute exposure（five days） of 1-NP（0,10^-4,10^-2,10²,10⁴ ng/L） on the life span of C. elegans were studied under normal culture conditions. The effects of 1-NP on health indicators（body length,exercise capacity and lipofuscin） and longevity of C. elegans were observed. The expression of autophagy related marker genes（bec-1 and lgg-1） was detected by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction（qRT-PCR）. Results Compared with the control group,1-NP could significantly reduce the lifespan of C. elegans,and 10⁴ ng/L group had the most significant effect,with a reduction rate of 28.2%. 1-NP（10⁴ ng/L） decreased the body length of C. elegans（P<0.05） and the expression levels of key autophagy genes（bec-1 and lgg-1）（P<0.05）,increased lipofuscin accumulation in C. elegans（P<0.05）. Conclusion 1-NP can shorten the lifespan of C. elegans by decreasing the autophagy level in C. elegans.

Analysis on risk factors of suicide attempt in young malesoldiers with mental disorders

XU Yulin, ZHANG Yuan, YAN Tongjun, XU Chao, YAO Yuan, XU Tao

2024, 40(2): 205-209.

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Objective To analyze the risk factors of attempted suicide in young male soldiers with mental disorders,and provide reference for early prevention and control of suicide in military personnel. Methods From June 2021 to March 2022,60 young male military personnel diagnosed with mental disorders were enrolled consecutively,divided into attempted suicide group（33 cases） and non attempted suicide group（27 cases）.Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics data of the two groups were collected,and Beck depression inventory（BDI）,insomnia severity index（ISI）,and military social support rate scale for Chinese military personnel（SSRS-M） were used to evaluate serum serotonin（5-hydroxytryptamine）.The concentrations of droxytryptamine（5-HT） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） were measured to compare the differences between the two groups.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to understand the risk factors for attempted suicide in this population. Results Compared with the non attempted suicide group,the attempted suicide group had a higher proportion of previous multiple hospitalizations（57.58%vs 29.63%,P<0.05）,more traumatic experiences（66.67% vs 40.74%,P<0.05）,stronger suicidal ideation（72.73% vs 37.04%,P<0.01）,and more common suicidal plans（90.91% vs 59.26%,P<0.01） and non suicidal self injury（NSSI） behaviors（93.94% vs 48.15%,P<0.01）,with statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. The total score of SSRS-M in the attempted suicide group was significantly lower than that in the non attempted suicide group[（24.85±6.48）points vs（28.70±7.15）points,P<0.05].The serum BDNF concentration in the attempted suicide group was lower[418.26（269.18,606.62）ng/L vs 537.46（412.04,784.92）ng/L,P<0.05]. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of NSSI behavior（OR=13.06） and low serum BDNF concentration（OR=0.97） were the main risk factors for attempted suicide in military patients with mental disorders（both P<0.05）. Conclusions NSSI behavior and low serum BDNF levels may be independent risk factors for attempted suicide in military patients with mental disorders,and can be used as early warning signals for suicide prevention and control,which is of great significance for military suicide prevention and control.

Study on current status of work fatigue among ICU nurses in five tertiary grade A hospitals in Nanchong City and its correlation with uncivilized behavior and dedication in the workplace

LI Qionghua, ZHANG Hongying

2024, 40(2): 210-214.

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Objective To investigate the current situation of uncivilized behavior,engagement and work fatigue of ICU nurses in Nanchong tertiary first-class hospitals,and analyze the influencing factors of work fatigue. Methods Totally 274 ICU nurses from 5 tertiary hospitals in Nanchong from June to August 2022 were selected by convenience sampling method.The general information questionnaire,workplace uncivilized behavior scale,engagement scale and work fatigue scale were used to investigate,and SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Results The score of uncivilized behavior in the workplace of ICU nurses in tertiary grade A hospitals was （24.15±8.53）points,the score of engagement was （32.72±7.26）points,and the score of work fatigue was （46.90±16.27）points.There were statistically significant differences in the scores of ICU nurses with different gender,education level,contract type,average monthly income,ICU working years,weekly working hours,sleep quality and whether they had chronic diseases（all P<0.05）.The correlation analysis showed that the score of uncivilized behavior in the workplace was negatively correlated with the score of engagement（P<0.05）,and positively correlated with the score of work fatigue（P<0.05）.The score of engagement was negatively correlated with the score of work fatigue（P<0.05）.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender,contract type,ICU working years,working hours per week,uncivilized behavior and engagement in the workplace were the main influencing factors of ICU nurses' work fatigue（all P<0.05）,accounting for 71.2% of the total variables. Conclusions ICU nurses in tertiary grade A hospitals are affected by many factors,and the level of work fatigue is high,among which uncivilized behavior and engagement in the workplace are important factors.Nursing managers should take targeted intervention measures in many aspects to improve nurses' physical and mental health,reduce the occurrence of uncivilized behavior in the workplace,and improve work engagement.

Analysis on monitoring results of adverse events following immunization in Huangshan City from 2015 to 2020

ZHANG Xiangyang, SHI Sijiu, FANG Jiemin, HE Jiangqin

2024, 40(2): 215-219.

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Objective To analyze the characteristics of adverse events following immunization（AEFI） in Huangshan City from 2015 to 2020. Methods The case data of AEFI in Huangshan City from 2015 to 2020 were collected through the China AEFI monitoring information system,and the descriptive epidemiological methods was used for analysis. Results A total of 727 cases of AEFI were reported in Huangshan City from 2015 to 2020,with a reported incidence of 34.44/100 000,including 7 cases of severe AEFI,with a reported incidence of 0.33/100 000.The general reactions and abnormal reactions accounted for 89.00% and 10.45% respectively,and the reported incidence rates were 30.65/100 000 and 3.60/100 000,respectively.The general reactions were mainly fever,swelling and induration,while the abnormal reactions were mainly allergic rash and urticaria.The reported incidence in counties（38.45/100 000） was higher than that in urban areas（28.93/100 000）,and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=13.534,P<0.01）. Conclusions The incidence of AEFI in Huangshan City from 2015 to 2020 is within the expected range,mainly general reactions,and rare serious reactions.We should focus on strengthening the monitoring of AEFI in urban areas.

Investigation on psychological status of firefighters in a certain place in Western China

CAO Huyue, ZHENG Longqiang, Li Yuhui, HE Shiyu

2024, 40(2): 220-223.

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Objective To investigate the psychological differences of different types of firefighters in Western China. Methods In August 2021,497 firefighters in a certain place in Western China were selected as the research objects.Three questionnaires including symptom checklist 90（SCL-90）,self rating anxiety scale（SAS）,and self rating depression scale（SDS） were used for the survey,and the data were analyzed. Results Compared with male firefighters,female firefighters scored （1.49±0.43）points for obsession,（1.26±0.40）points for interpersonal sensitivity,（1.28±0.43）points for depression,（1.22±0.37）points for anxiety,（1.28±0.38）points for hostility,and （1.20±0.29）points for psychoticism.The mental health status of these six factors was weaker. The scores of somatization,obsession and depression of firefighters aged 36-<46 years old were （1.20±0.30）,（1.50±0.52）,（1.29±0.44）points,which were significantly worse than those of firefighters aged 18-<26 years old. Conclusions There are still different degrees of mental health problems among firefighters in Western China,especially female firefighters and firefighters aged 35-<45 years old.

Correlation analysis of perceived stress,psychological violence in the workplace and job alienation among nurses in emergency departments of four tertiary grade A hospitals in Mianyang City

ZHANG Lingling

2024, 40(2): 224-228.

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Objective To understand the current situation of nurses' perceived stress,psychological violence in the workplace and job alienation in the emergency department of Mianyang tertiary first-class hospital,and to analyze the influencing factors of job alienation. Methods A total of 226 emergency department nurses from 4 tertiary grade A hospitals in Mianyang City were selected as the survey objects by convenience sampling methods from June to July 2022. General information questionnaire,perceived stress scale,workplace psychological violence scale and work alienation scale were used to collect relevant data.And the data were analyzed. Results The scores of perceived stress,psychological violence in the workplace and work alienation of nurses in the emergency department of Mianyang tertiary grade A hospital were （34.51±9.09）,（23.79±10.51） and （29.56±11.10）points,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in perceived stress scores among emergency department nurses with different marital status,contract type,professional title,working years in the emergency department,sleep quality,and health status（all P<0.05）.The scores of psychological violence in the workplace of emergency department nurses with different contract types,professional titles,sleep quality and health status were compared,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significant differences in the scores of job alienation among emergency department nurses with different gender,marital status,contract category,professional title,average monthly income,whether to work night shift,sleep quality,and health status（all P<0.05）.The scores of perceived stress and workplace psychological violence were positively correlated with the scores of job alienation（P<0.05）.Professional title,average monthly income,sleep quality,health status,perceived pressure,and psychological violence in the workplace were the main influencing factors of job alienation among nurses in emergency department,which could explain 60.4% of the total variation of job alienation score. Conclusions The level of job alienation of nurses in emergency departments of four tertiary grade A hospitals in Mianyang is high,and it is affected by many factors,among which perceived pressure and psychological violence in the workplace are important influencing factors. Nursing managers should pay attention to the physical and mental health of nurses,and take various forms of targeted intervention measures to reduce nurses' work-related pressure and psychological violence in the workplace,so as to reduce the sense of work alienation and improve nurses' work engagement.

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate matter PM_2.5 in Baotou City in 2020

JIA Yanfeng, YANG Tianzhi, WANG Li, LI Feng, GAO Yanrong

2024, 40(2): 229-234.

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Objective To investigate the pollution levels,distribution characteristics,and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Baotou City and their population health risks,and to provide a basis for pollution management in the region. Methods From January to December 2020,PM_2.5 samples of atmospheric particulate matter were collected from the main city of Baotou,and the atmospheric PM_2.5 concentrations and 15 PAHs components were regularly detected,and the daily average mass concentrations of different PAHs were analyzed descriptively. The sources of PAHs in PM_2.5 were determined using the characteristic ratio method and the principal component extraction method,and the US EPA health risk model was used to assess their population health risk. Results The annual PM_2.5 concentrations in Baotou ranged from 19.11 to 743.65 μg/m³,and the daily mass concentration[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] was 83.27（55.79,175.70）μg/m³.15 PAHs were detected in varying degrees,ranging from 0.02 to 372.57 ng/m³,with a daily mass concentration of 18.49（9.16,99.23）ng/m³. The daily mass concentration of PAHs in PM_2.5 in winter（249.90 ng/m³）>autumn（25.59 ng/m³）>summer（10.41 ng/m³）>spring（8.73 ng/m³）,with statistically significant differences（H=29.26,P<0.05）,and the composition was dominated on 4-6 rings.The main source of PAHs in PM_2.5 was the compound pollution from coal-fired and motor vehicle emission sources,with a total carcinogenic risk of 1.83×10^-4,which may have carcinogenic risk. Conclusion The pollution level of PAHs in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Baotou is high in winter,and attention should be paid on the carcinogenic risk of PAHs dose to human body in winter。

Investigation on mental health literacy of medical college students in Northeast Sichuan

ZHANG Yiyang, YAO Yisong, GOU Shiya, CAO Haolin, CHEN Wenye, PAN Chimei

2024, 40(2): 235-239.

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Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of mental health literacy among college students in a medical college in northeastern Sichuan,and provide evidence for targeted mental health education for medical students in colleges and universities. Methods A simple random sampling method was used to select 1 000 college students from a medical college in northeastern Sichuan in June 2022 for mental health and mental health knowledge questionnaire（MHMHKQ） and devaluation-discrimination scale（DDS） surveys,and the data were analyzed. Results The average score of MHMHKQ among college students was （15.61±2.68）points，with a pass rate of 93.4%；the average score of DDS was （36.07±5.43）points，with a pass rate of 61.2%. There were significant differences in the scores of MHMHKQ among college students with different genders，grades，places of origin，whether they had received mental health education，and whether they had studied Psychiatry（all P<0.05）. There were significant differences in the scores of DDS among different grades（P<0.05）. There were significant differences in the pass rates of MHMHKQ among different genders，grades，and whether they had studied Psychiatry（all P<0.05）. There were significant differences in the pass rates of DDS among different grades and whether they had studied Psychiatry（all P<0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender，grade，whether they had received mental health education，and whether they had studied Psychiatry were independent risk factors affecting the score of MHMHKQ.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that students in lower grades and those who had studied Psychiatry had better attitudes towards patients with mental illness. Conclusion College students in a medical college in northeastern Sichuan have high mental health literacy，and the mastery of mental health and mental health knowledge is generally good，especially for female，lower grade，urban students，and those who have received mental health education，but their attitudes towards mental illness still need to be improved.Schools should strengthen mental health education for non?medical students，spread mental health knowledge，and achieve the goal of improving mental health literacy.

Investigation on HIV testing after high-risk sexual behavior among secondary vocational students in Jinan City

TENG Wanying, LI Xinrui, LI Jianzhuo, WANG Meihua

2024, 40(2): 240-244.

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Objective To understand the sexual behaviour and the human immunodeficiency virus（HIV） testing after high-risk sexual behavior among secondary vocational students in Jinan City. Methods From September to November 2022,a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 235 students from four secondary vocational schools in Jinan by stratified cluster sampling method,and information on their demography,AIDS knowledge,sexual behavior was collected and analyzed. Results In the total 3 235 secondary vocational students,7.39%（239/3 235） students had sex.Among them,16.32% had sex with 6 or more people,17.99% had been forced to have sex,21.76% did not use condom during their first sexual intercourse.In the total subjects,64.39% had not participated in the courses of preventing AIDS/STD,31.84% had participated in the activities of preventing AIDS/STD（such as the theme class meeting/expert lecture/propaganda column,etc.）,19.35% had not taken any sexual health education courses in school,30.54% had never heard of HIV testing,96.75% had never been tested for HIV,and 30.60% would not be tested for HIV after having high-risk sex.The results of multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that gender,family status,knowledge of AIDS,sexual behavior,participation in AIDS/STD prevention and other related activities（such as theme class meetings,expert lectures,bulletin boards,etc.）,and learning about sexual health education courses during school were the influencing factor of the willingness of secondary vocational school students to test HIV after high-risk sexual behaviors（all P<0.05）. Conclusions There are high risk behaviors of AIDS infection among secondary vocational school students,and the proportion of courses and activities related to AIDS prevention and sexual health education in schools is not high in Jinan.Therefore,school administrators should strengthen the intervention of high-risk sexual behaviors of secondary vocational school students,strengthen the publicity of AIDS prevention and sexual health education,and adopt scientific and appropriate ways to intervene for secondary vocational school students.

Chain-mediating effect of social support and psychological resilience between emotional expression flexibility and suicidal ideation among nursing students

WANG Bingjie, LIANG Qia, LIU Yang, CHEN Yu, YANG Huifeng, ZHANG Chunmei

2024, 40(2): 245-250.

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Objective To explore the role of social support and psychological resilience in mediating the chain between flexibility in emotional expression and suicidal ideation among nursing students,to provide a theoretical basis for early detection of suicidal ideation and improve their psychological well-being. Methods Using a convenience sampling Method,538 medical students from three universities in Tianjin and Shandong were selected,using the College Student Emotional Expression Flexibility Questionnaire,Social Support Scale,Psychological Resilience Questionnaire,and Suicidal Ideation Scale to collect data. Result The rate of suicidal ideation among nursing students was 5.95%（32/538）.The scores of emotional flexibility[（107.91±25.91）points],social support[（65.20±13.91）points],psychological resilience[（37.16±7.11）points] and suicidal ideation[（4.93±3.56）points] were correlated with others（r=-0.504-0.672,P<0.01）.Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the factors influencing suicidal ideation included family relationships,the presence of suicidal behaviour in family and friends,emotional flexibility,social support and psychological resilience.The direct effect value was -0.158（30.15%）,and the total indirect effect value was -0.366（69.85%）. Conclusion Medical students' emotional expression flexibility is closely related to suicidal ideation.School administratorsshould pay attention to assessing students' emotional expression flexibility and enhancing their social support and psychological resilience levels to reduce the incidence of suicidal ideation.

Detection rate of social isolation among Chinese old people：A meta-analysis

LIAO Jiaqian, WANG Guorong, YANG Jing, ZHANG Tian

2024, 40(2): 251-254.

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Objective To systematically evaluate the detection rate of social isolation among Chinese old people,provide reference for formulating social isolation prevention and control decisions for the elderly. Methods The CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Web of science,the Cochrane Library and Embase databases were searched by computer to collect research on the detection rate of social isolation in Chinese old people. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to July 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data and evaluated the quality of the literature included in the study,and Stata15.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Results Totally 15 studies were included,involving 10 557 cases. The meta-analysis showed that the detection rate of social isolation among Chinese old people was 26.0%（95%CI：21.3%-30.8%）. The subgroup analysis showed that the detection rate of family isolation（19.4%） was lower than that of friend isolation（31.9%）,slightly higher for men（29.3%） than for women（27.0%）,the detection rate of social isolation increased with age,the lower the education level,the higher the detection rate of social isolation,the detection rate of married group（28.2%） was lower than that in non-marriage group（43.5%）,higher in rural areas（28.3%） than in urban（26.0%）,higher in the east（27.2%） than in the centre （21.9%） and west（23.5%）,the detection rate in chronic patients（30.3%） was higher than that in people without chronic diseases（19.7%）,the detection rate in people with depression（61.6%） was higher than that in people without depression（19.3%）,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.01）. Conclusion The detection rate of social isolation among Chinese old people is high,and it is necessary to strengthen early screening for mental health in older people and take targeted intervention measures to reduce the risk of social isolation in older people.

A meta-analysis of relationship between depression and internet addiction in adolescent

SHEN Yuqing, MO Lin, LIU Yixuan, TANG Xinyue, LUO Chen

2024, 40(2): 255-260.

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Objective To explore the relationship between depression and internet addiction in the adolescent and understand the moderating variables by meta-analysis. Methods The literature on depression and internet addiction of adolescent was retrieved on CNKI,WanFang,VIP journal resource integration platform,Embase,Web of Science and PubMed database since the inception to January 2022. The correlation coefficient r was used as the effect size,and the meta-analysis was conducted by the CMA 3.0. Results A total of 28 studies（25 934 participants） were included. The meta-analysis showed that depression and internet addiction in the adolescent were positively correlated（r=0.375,95%CI：0.314-0.433,P<0.01）. The subgroup analysis showed that the relationship between depression and internet addiction in the adolescent was affected by the source of the domestic sample and education level（Q=0.144,9.364,P<0.05）. Conclusion The adolescent's depression and internet addiction are moderately correlated,and the relationship is affected by the source of the domestic sample and education level.

Analysis on status quo and influencing factors of psychological consistency of nurses in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Yantai City

LIU Qiaoli, MENG Deping, ZHANG Xueyan

2024, 40(2): 261-263.

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Objective To understand the current situation of the sense of psychological consistency of nucleic acid sampling nurses and analyze the relevant influencing factors. Methods The convenience sampling method was used to select nurses who participated in nucleic acid sampling from May 2021 to March 2022 in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Yantai City as the research objects,and they were investigated by the general data questionnaire and psychological consistency scale. A total of 206 questionnaires were distributed,and 200 valid questionnaires were recovered. Results The total score of sense of psychological consistency among nucleic acid sampling nurses was （48.54±10.39）points,of which the score of the sense of meaning,the sense of controllability,and the sense of comprehensibility was （14.97±3.17）,（18.69±5.02） and （19.86±4.91）points,respectively. The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that no experience of participating in public health events and sampling time were the main factors affecting their sense of psychological agreement（P<0.05）. Conclusion The sense of psychological consistency in nucleic acid sampling nurses is at a low level,and is affected by no experience of participating in public health events and sampling time,so it is necessary to draw lessons from domestic and foreign experience and give targeted support to nurses to improve the level of psychological consistency.

Analysis on relationship between work passion,job satisfaction,and occupational burnout among nurses in a tertiary rehabilitation hospital in Beijing

XIE Yujin, JIAO Yang, TENG Liying, LIU Ying, LIU Di, SHI Lei

2024, 40(2): 264-267.

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Objective To explore the relationship between job burnout and job satisfaction of nurses in rehabilitation hospital,and to provide reference for promoting the career development of nurses. Methods Cluster sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among nurses in a tertiary rehabilitation hospital in Beijing in December 2021.Job passion,job burnout and job satisfaction scale were used to carry out a questionnaire survey,and the correlation among the three was analyzed. Results The work passion score of nurses in rehabilitation hospital was （5.00±1.05）points,indicating that the work passion status of the measurement object was generally good.The score of harmonious passion was （5.37±1.07）points,and that of forced passion was （4.64±1.22）points.Age and years of service had an impact on work passion,with nurses aged 36-<46 and working for 11-<21 years scoring highest（all P<0.05）.There were significant correlations among job passion,job burnout and job satisfaction（P<0.01）.Job passion had a negative impact on job burnout and a positive impact on job satisfaction. Conclusion Job passion of nurses in rehabilitation hospitals can negatively predict job burnout and positively predict job satisfaction,and job burnout plays a mediating role in job passion and job satisfaction.

Analysis on individual dose monitoring results of radiation workers in a medical unit in Nantong City

SHI Xiaoyan, ZHONG Ende

2024, 40(2): 268-270.

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Objective To investigate the personal dose level of external irradiation among radiation workers in a hospital in Nantong City. Methods The rmoluminescence method was used to monitor the personal external radiation doses of radiation workers in the hospital from 2014 to 2021.The radiation doses received by radiation workers of different occupational categories were analyzed. Results The collective effective dose of the hospital in 8 years was 556.7 person·mSv and the average annual effective dose was 0.59 mSv/a.The highest annual effective dose was among the occupational categories of interventional radiology and nuclear medicine.The difference of annual effective dose in different occupational categories was statistically significant（H=232.520,P<0.05）. Conclusions The average annual effective dose of radiation workers in the hospital is in accordance with the relevant national standards.It is necessary to strengthen the dose supervision of interventional radiology and nuclear medicine workers.

Analysis on occupational health status among radiation workers in Xinjiang from 2020-2021

ZHANG Qian, WANG Li

2024, 40(2): 271-274.

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Objective To understand the health status of radiation workers in Xinjiang from 2020 to 2021,provide reference for occupational health monitoring. Methods The occupational health examination reports of 3 530 radiation workers in Xinjiang from 2020 to 2021 were analyzed. Results The abnormal rates of hemoglobin（8.0%）,white blood cell（8.6%）,platelet（8.9%）,thyroid function（14.4%）,electrocardiogram（14.3%） and blood pressure（20.1%） in radiation group were higher than those in control group（5.2%,5.2%,6.5%,11.0%,5.8% and 8.9%）,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the abnormal rates of hemoglobin,platelet,blood pressure,electrocardiogram,chest radiograph and thyroid stimulating hormone between different genders（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the abnormal rates of triiodothyronine,blood pressure,electrocardiogram,chest X-ray,ophthalmology and the detection rate of chromosome aberrations among different age and working age groups（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the abnormal rates of white blood cells,platelets,electrocardiogram and the detection rate of chromosome aberrations among different types of work（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The health damage due to exposure to radiation has been observed in occupational radiation workers in Xinjiang from 2020 to 2021,and the attention should be paid to medical radiation workers.

Research progress on professional grief in clinical nurses

WANG Xiaoyue, BI Cuimin, SU Hanna, YU Jun, ZHANG Gengzan, ZHAO Shihan

2024, 40(2): 275-278.

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Nurses' professional grief is a common psychological reaction of nurses,which is universal and not valued,and is considered to be related to the particularity of the profession. As a negative emotion,if it is not handled properly,it will not only harm the nurses' own mental health,but also easily lead to slackness in clinical work. In serious cases,it will lead to serious physiological obstacles for nurses themselves. This paper reviews the concept and development of professional grief,evaluation tools,influencing factors and intervention methods of nurses' professional grief,and summarizes the research status of nurses' professional grief at home and abroad,aiming to broaden the existing knowledge and provide a new path for nurses' professional grief support.

Application progress of PRECEDE-PROCEED model in health management of chronic disease

XIE Yao, LI Juanyu, WANG Xizhu, CAI Defang

2024, 40(2): 279-283.

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PRECEDE-PROCEED model,as a systematic intervention model,provides a theoretical framework for the formulation of health management programs.This paper reviews the concept and characteristics,implementation procedure,and current status of applications of PRECEDE-PROCEED Model in health management of chronic disease,aiming to increase the understanding of PRECEDE-PROCEED Model among nursing staff and promote the application of this theory in nursing practice of chronic disease.

Research progress on core competency evaluation indexes for graduate students in general medicine in context of new medical science

QIAO Xue, YIN Yongtian, CHEN Hongzhi

2024, 40(2): 284-288.

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The core competence refers to the most core characteristics and requirements that a certain professional field needs to possess.The postgraduate students of general medicine,as the reserve army of community health services,their level of comprehensive ability determines the quality of health services in China.This paper provides an overview of the current status of research on the concepts,reference frameworks/models,and evaluation indicators related to competency of postgraduate students in general medicine,so as to provide a reference for better training and scientific evaluation of the comprehensive competency of postgraduate students in general medicine.

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