Table of Content

01 March 2024, Volume 40 Issue 5

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Treatise

Analysis on mental health status and influencing factors of pneumoconiosis patients

YAO Linlin, LIU Yan, HE Jin

2024, 40(5):  577-580. 

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Objective To investigate the mental health status and influencing factors of patients with occupational pneumoconiosis in different stages. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the relevant data of 57 patients with pneumoconiosis（pneumoconiosis group） and 724 healthy adult males（normal group） hospitalized in the Department of Occupational Pulmonology of Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine from January to December 2022,and the mental health status and influencing factors of pneumoconiosis patients were investigated by Symptom Checklist-90,coping style questionnaire,modified British medical research council（mMRC） score and general condition questionnaire. Results The total score and the scores of the following factors in the pneumoconiosis group were higher than those in the normal group. The differences of total score of SCL-90[（174.61±64.77）vs（129.96±38.76）points],the scores of somatization factor[（2.45±0.86）vs（1.38±0.49）points],obsessive-compulsive factor[（2.09±0.85）vs（1.66±0.61）points],depression factor[（1.98±0.82）vs（1.51±0.6）points],anxiety factor[（1.97±0.84）vs（1.41±0.44）points],hostility factor[（1.82±0.78）vs（1.48±0.56）points],terror factor[（1.63±0.75）vs（1.23±0.37）points] and psychoticism factor[（1.72±0.67）vs（1.32±0.44）points] were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The total score of SCL-90 and the scores of various factors in patients with pneumoconiosis were not correlated with the score of mMRC score（P>0.05）. Age（OR=1.090,95%CI：1.004-1.184,P<0.05） and negative coping style（OR=8 007.941,95%CI：60.453-1 060 780.289,P<0.01） were risk factors for psychological abnormalities. Conclusion The mental health level and coping methods of patients with pneumoconiosis are worthy of attention,while the mental health level of patients with pneumoconiosis who adopt passive coping methods is poor.

Thermal safety evaluation for outdoor construction workers under hot environment based on monitoring of heart rate

SHEN Yali, YANG Fan, LI Hualiang, MAO Yan, WANG Qiru, DU Chenqiu

2024, 40(5):  581-586. 

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Objective To accurately evaluate the individual heat stress risk of outdoor workers exposed to high temperature. Methods The thermal environment and human physiological parameters were investigated at a typical outdoor construction site for 220 kV power system self-renovation in Guangzhou City from July to August of 2019,to analyze the relationship between high temperature exposure and changes in working hours and heart rate. Results During the survey,the average wet bulb globe temperature（WBGT） values changed in the range of 28.4-40.2 ℃,and working durations of workers decreased significantly with increasing WBGT. Based on the heart rate calculation,the average metabolic rates of six working types were obtained. The metabolic rate of breaking operation was the highest[（300±62）W]. There was statistically significant difference in the metabolic rate among workers in different working type（P<0.05）. With the recommended safety limits of WBGT and metabolic rates in the standard,the metabolic rates of most working types were in the mild level of grade Ⅱ and moderate level of grade Ⅲ,and the majority of average metabolic rates were above the recommended limits,indicating that the metabolic rates of most workers in hot environments exceeded the limit. Conclusion The study proposes a real-time evaluation method for heat stress of workers exposed to outdoor hot temperature based on heart rate monitoring,which can provide reference for population protection and risk identification in hot environments.

Epidemiological characteristics of natural focal diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases in Tongzhou District of Beijing from 2011 to 2021

CHEN Lixin, ZHANG Jiangming, YANG Yuqing, PIAO Jinlong, BAI Lianjun, ZHAO Chunyan

2024, 40(5):  587-591. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of natural focal diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases in Tongzhou District of Beijing,provide a basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to statistically analyze the surveillance data of natural focal diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases from 2011 to 2021. Results There was no class A infectious disease of pestis case reported in Tongzhou District of Beijing,a total of 218 cases of seven kinds of class B natural focal diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases,and the annual average incidence rate was 1.40/100 000. There were 10 deaths,the fatality rate was 4.59%,and the annual average mortality was 0.06/100 000,10 dead cases were all rabies. The incidence showed an upward trend from 2011 to 2017（χ²_trend=35.44,P<0.05）,and a downward trend from 2018 to 2021（χ²_trend=17.86,P<0.05）. The seven types of diseases,in descending order of incidence,were as follows：brucellosis,malaria,rabies,hemorrhagic fever,dengue fever,encephalitis B,and schistosomiasis. The cases had been reported in 21 townships or districts,mainly in rural areas. The incidence peak appeared March to September every year,accounting for 73.39%. The incidence rate of males was significantly higher than that of females（χ²=90.66,P<0.05）. The cases were mainly in the age group of 40-<70 years old,accounting for 71.56%. The farmers had the largest number of cases,accounting for 40.83%. A total of four cases of three kinds of class C natural focal diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases were reported,and the average incidence rate was 0.10/100 000. Conclusions The incidence of natural focal diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases in Tongzhou District of Beijing increased first and then decreased from 2011 to 2021,and the main diseases are local brucellosis and imported malaria. It is necessary to strengthen joint prevention and control,health education,vaccination and other work to effectively control the spread of the epidemic.

Correlation analysis of occupational burnout,D-type personality and emotional intelligence among clinical nurses in four county-level hospitals in Jiangyou City

HU Jianrong, ZHOU Yueshan, ZHANG Dan, LIU Jiangling

2024, 40(5):  592-596. 

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Objective To explore the mediating effect of emotional intelligence between job burnout and D-type personality among clinical nurses in county-level hospitals,provide scientific basis for nursing managers to formulate targeted measures. Methods From January to March 2022,1 181 nurses in four county-level hospitals in Jiangyou City were surveyed by using general information questionnaire,job burnout questionnaire,D-type personality scale,and emotional intelligence scale. Results The job burnout score of clinical nurses was （54.33±24.50）points,and 612（51.82%） had job burnout. The emotional intelligence score was （64.01±16.57）points,the D-type personality score was （16.29±8.98）points,and the detection rate of D-type personality was 34.21%. There were statistically significant differences in the job burnout scores among clinical nurses with different age,length of service,department,hospital level,rank,professional title,marital status,highest education,night shift,specialist/further training（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the D-type personality scores among clinical nurses with age,years of service,department,rank,hospital level,highest education,and participation in night shift（all P<0.05）. There was statistically significant difference in emotional intelligence score among clinical nurses in different departments（P<0.05）. The total score and dimension score of D-type personality were positively correlated with total score and dimension score of job burnout（all P<0.05）,the total score and dimension score of emotional intelligence were negatively correlated with total score and dimension score of job burnout（all P<0.05）. The mediating effect of emotional intelligence between D-type personality and job burnout was 0.233,95%CI was 0.156-0.271（P<0.05）,the total effect was 0.678,95%CI was 0.521-0.748（P<0.05）,and the mediating effect accounted for 34.4% of the total effect. Conclusions The clinical nurses in county-level hospitals have a higher level of job burnout,and emotional intelligence has a mediating effect between job burnout and D-type personality. The nursing managers should formulate intervention measures according to the personality characteristics of nurses to improve their emotional intelligence level,maintain their mental health,and promote the stable development of the team.

Effects of occupational plateau and psychological capital on job burnout of nurses in some grade-A tertiary hospitals in Haikou City

MIN Min, WEN Xia, NIU Minrui, WANG Huicai

2024, 40(5):  597-602. 

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Objective To explore the influence of occupational plateau and psychological capital on job burnout of nurses in some grade-A tertiary hospitals in Haikou City. Methods From October to December 2022,the convenient sampling method was used to select 1 100 nurses from five grade-A tertiary hospitals in Haikou City as the subjects of investigation,and they were investigated and analyzed by the general situation scale,occupational plateau scale,psychological capital scale and occupational burnout scale. Results The scores of occupational plateau,psychological capital and job burnout among nurses in some grade-A tertiary hospitals in Haikou City were （52.38±8.41）,（85.46±10.52） and （64.74±11.32）points,respectively. The occupational plateau was positively correlated with job burnout（r=0.428,P<0.01）,the occupational plateau was negatively correlated with psychological capital（r= -0.531,P<0.01）,and the job burnout was negatively correlated with psychological capital（r=-0.489,P<0.01）. The occupational plateau directly affected job burnout,and indirectly affected job burnout through psychological capital,and the mediating effect of psychological capital was 0.254,accounting for 40.70% of the total effect. Conclusion There are correlations between occupational plateau,psychological capital and job burnout of nurses in some grade-A tertiary hospitals in Haikou City,the occupational plateau not only directly affects job burnout,but also indirectly affects job burnout through psychological capital.

Monitoring and analysis of occupational hazard factors in key workplaces in Changsha City in 2022

HUANG Shaoling, LI Jie, JIN Ruogang, ZHENG Shuilin, XIAO Xiangyang, LUO Lei

2024, 40(5):  603-608. 

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Objective To analyze the occupational disease prevention and control status and hazard factor levels of key industries,and to provide data support for formulating occupational disease prevention and control strategies in Changsha City. Methods The prevention and control of occupational diseases and active monitoring of employers in key industries in Changsha City in 2022 were collected from the "Monitoring System for Occupational Disease Hazard Factors in Workplaces",and the data was analyzed. Results Among the 546 key industry enterprises monitored,the number of large,medium,small and micro enterprises were 5,38,260 and 243,respectively,small and micro enterprises accounted for 92.13%,27 086 workers were exposed to occupational hazard factors. The training rate of occupational health knowledge,the setting rate of various protective facilities,the issuing rate of anti-virus and anti-noise personal protective equipment,the carrying out rate of occupational health examination and the regular detection rate of occupational disease hazard factors of enterprises in key industries were all lower in small and micro-enterprises（all P<0.05）. Personal protective equipment for dust,poison,and noise prevention were mainly partially worn,accounting for 57.62%,58.84% and 61.50%,respectively.Among various occupational hazard factors,the qualification rate of chemical toxins was higher（all>95%）,while the qualification rate of silicon dust in dust and noise in physical factors were lower,which were 53.70% and 78.60%,respectively. Positions with excessive silicon dust were mainly concentrated in mining,stone processing for construction, other building materials,various glass and product manufacturing,and ceramic product manufacturing industries. Positions with excessive chemical toxins were mainly in chemical raw materials,printing,furniture manufacturing,metal products,general equipment,and automobile manufacturing industries. Industries with severe noise hazards were mining,metal products,general equipment,automobile manufacturing,and non-metallic mineral product industries. Conclusion The disease prevention and control capabilities of key industry enterprises in Changsha City is severe,it is necessary to further strengthen the awareness and ability of occupational disease prevention and control in enterprises,strengthen the supervision and law enforcement of occupational health supervision,focus on strengthening the supervision of hazardous factors such as silica dust and noise in key industries,especially small and micro enterprises. At the same time,extensive publicity and education of science popularization should be carried out to enhance the awareness of active protection of workers,so as to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.

Investigation on status of patients with occupational pneumoconiosis in a district of Beijing City

HU Jie, HU Zaifang, ZHOU Guowei, ZHANG Li, ZHEN Guoxin

2024, 40(5):  609-612. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in a district of Beijing City,provide scientific basis for the government and other departments to formulate pneumoconiosis protection and treatment policies. Methods All occupational pneumoconiosis patients reported in a district of Beijing City from 2001 to 2020 were selected,telephone follow-up was conducted to collect information. The descriptive analysis was performed on the age,gender,region,stage and type of pneumoconiosis,age of diagnosis,working years,industry,enterprise size,economic type,social security and comorbidities. Results By the end of 2020,a total of 132 cases were reported in a district of Beijing,including 54 cases（40.91%） of phage Ⅰ,36 cases（27.27%） of phage Ⅱ,and 42 cases（31.82%） of phage Ⅲ,silicosis（112 cases,84.85%） was the predominant. There was a statistically significant difference in stage between the genders（χ²=6.217,P<0.05）,and there was no significant difference in the age of exposure to dust and the age at diagnosis among the patients at different stages（P>0.05）. Among 132 pneumoconiosis patients,130 cases were actually followed up,with the follow up rate of 98.48%,of which 112 cases（84.85%） survived and 18 cases（13.64%） died. Most of cases were female（89 cases,67.42%） and silicosis was the dominant type of pneumoconiosis（112 cases,84.85%）. The median length of exposure[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] was 12（8,16） years. The average age of diagnosis was （52.43±10.67）years old. 41.96%（47 cases） of survival cases were in the age group of 45-<55,96 cases（85.71%） were exposed to dust for 5-20 years,the age of diagnosis was mainly concentrated in 40-<50 years old and 50-<60 years old. Totally 111 survived cases had at least one social security,which were the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents（109 cases,97.32%） and occupational injury insurance（30 cases,26.79%）. Conclusion The risk of occupational pneumoconiosis is still high in a district of Beijing City,and it is necessary to effectively control the source and deal with the aftermath,and continue to strengthen the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis.

Effects of inorganic arsenic-mediated up-regulation of As3MT on proliferation,apoptosis and AP-1 expression of 16HBE cells

GU Yun, CHENG Huirong, , CHEN Qian, YU Tianle, ZHANG Qihang, WEN Weihua

2024, 40(5):  613-619. 

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Objective To explore the effect of inorganic arsenic（iAs） mediated arsenic（+3 oxidation state） methyltransferase[arsenic（+3 oxidation state） methyltransferase,As3MT] on the proliferation,apoptosis of 16HBE cells,activation of protein-1（AP-1） expression,so as to gain insight into the mechanism of action of inorganic arsenic in cell biology. Methods 16HBE cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into 2 groups：sodium arsenite（NaAsO₂） with different concentrations（0,2,4,6 μmol/L） and the same concentration（0,6,6,6 μmol/L） monomethylarsenic acid（MMA）,dimethylarsenic acid（DMA） and NaAsO₂ were used as a group to infect 16HBE cells for 48 hours. The expression of As3MT protein in cells was detected by Western Blot. Silencing As3MT by small interfering RNA（siRNAs） transfection can produce a series of biological effects on the infected cells. CCK-8 kit was used to detect cell viability,JC-1 kit was used to detect early cell apoptosis and HO/PI double staining kit was used to detect late cell apoptosis and necrosis. The transcriptional activity of transcription factor AP-1 was detected by dual luciferase reporter gene. The protein expression levels of c-Jun（p-c-Jun） and c-Fos（p-c-Fos） were detected by Western Blot. Results It was found that the treatment of inorganic arsenic could significantly up-regulate the expression level of As3MT in 16HBE cells,and affect the proliferation and apoptosis of cells. Specifically,compared with the control group,the expression of As3MT in 16HBE cells after exposure increased with the increase of NaAsO₂ concentration,showing a dose-effect relationship. At the same concentration,the ability to induce the expression of As3MT was NaAsO₂>DMA>MMA. Cell transfection technology suggested that As3MT was successfully silenced. After silencing As3MT,the CCK-8 method showed that the cell viability decreased（NC_mean=1.00,S1_mean=0.94,S2_mean=0.71）,and the cell viability of the siAs3MTb1 group was significantly lower than that of the siCtrl group（P<0.05）,the cell viability of the siAs3MTb2 group was significantly lower than that of the siCtrl group（P<0.05）. JC-1 detection indicated that apoptosis increased（NC_mean=1.80,S1_mean=1.40,S2_mean=1.18）,and the 550 nm/485 nm ratio of siAs3MTb1 group was significantly lower than that of siCtrl group（P<0.05）,the 550 nm/485 nm ratio of siAs3MTb2 group was significantly lower than that of siCtrl group（P<0.05）. HO/PI double staining indicated increased apoptosis and necrosis,and the staining of cells in siAs3MT group was more obvious than that in siCtrl group. The results of dual luciferase reporter gene analysis showed that the activity of AP-1 increased（NC_mean=48.83,S1_mean=132.67,S2_mean=163.83）,and the transcriptional activity of AP-1 in the siAs3MTb1 group was significantly higher than that in the siCtrl group（P<0.05）,the transcriptional activity of AP-1 was significantly higher than that of siCtrl group（P<0.05）. Western Blot results detected that after silencing As3MT,the expression of c-Jun increased,the expression of p-c-Jun increased,the expression of c-Fos increased,and the expression of p-c-Fos decreased. Conclusions This study found that inorganic arsenic can significantly up-regulate the expression of As3MT,and affect the proliferation,apoptosis and AP-1 expression of 16HBE cells. Further experiments showed that the up regulation of As3MT mediated by inorganic arsenic was related to the AP-1 pathway. These results suggest that inorganic arsenic may affect cell proliferation,apoptosis and transcription factor expression by regulating the expression of As3MT.

Determination of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in drinking water by headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

WANG Yongxin, XIE Chengen, LIU Hong, HONG Haiyan

2024, 40(5):  620-624. 

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Objective To establish a headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method for the analysis of trichloromethane,carbon tetrachloride,dichloromethane,dichloromethane,and tribromomethane in drinking water. Explore the effects of fiber head extraction,extraction time,extraction temperature,ion strength,and desorption time on the detection results. Method Using DVB/CWR/PDMS 80 μm extraction head to take 10 mL of water sample into a headspace bottle and adding 3.0 g of NaCl,extract at 35 ℃ for 15 minutes,desorb at 250 ℃ for 5 minutes,and enter gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis at a 50 ∶ 1 split ratio. Detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring（MRM） mode,with external standard for quantification. Results The linear correlation coefficients（r） of this method were all ≥0.999, and the average recovery rates at three spiking levels were 80.1%-107.2%（n=6）,with a relative standard deviation（RSD） of 0.4%-10%. Using this method to determine drinking water,trichloromethane,carbon tetrachloride,dichloromethane bromide,and dichlorodibromomethane were detected. Conclusion This method is simple,fast,accurate,reliable,and highly sensitive,and is suitable for short-term analysis of common volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in drinking water.

Analysis on dietary patterns and influencing factors among college students in Suzhou City

DING Lei, WANG Bo, HUANG Feifei, ZHENG Yanmin

2024, 40(5):  625-629. 

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Objective To study the dietary patterns of college students in Suzhou City and analyze their influencing factors,so as to provide evidence for improving the dietary quality of college students. Methods From September to December,2022,a random cluster sampling method was used to select freshmen to juniors from a university in Suzhou City. The food frequency questionnaire was used to investigate the dietary situation of students,and the data were analyzed. Results There were five dietary patterns among the 511 students,namely "healthy" pattern,calcium pattern,"unhealthy" pattern,meat pattern and grain pattern. The differences of dietary patterns among college students of different gender,grade,family economic status,physical activity intensity and sleep time were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The male students were positively correlated with grain pattern（P<0.01,OR=2.501,95%CI：1.580-3.958）. Freshmen students were positively correlated with calcium pattern（P<0.05,OR=1.988,95%CI：1.106-3.573）,and sophomores were negatively correlated with "healthy" pattern（P<0.05,OR=0.581,95%CI：0.350-0.965）. Family economic hardship was negatively correlated with calcium pattern（P<0.05,OR=0.544,95%CI：0.300-0.986） and meat pattern（P<0.01,OR=0.386, 95%CI：0.213-0.699）.Calcium pattern was positively correlated with high level of physical activity（P<0.01,OR=2.169,95%CI：1.280-3.676）. "Unhealthy" patterns were negatively associated with high levels of physical activity（P<0.01,OR=0.534,95%CI：0.317-0.898） and sleep duration ≥8 h/day（P<0.05,OR=0.616,95%CI：0.387-0.981）. Conclusion There are five dietary patterns in the surveyed college students,and different dietary patterns are affected by gender,grade,family economic status,physical activity intensity,sleep time and other factors.

Analysis on HIV surveillance results among MSM in Hebei Province from 2016 to 2021

WU Xiaoxue, ZHANG Yali, MA Lin, LIANG Liang, HUI Yanliang, LU Xinli

2024, 40(5):  630-635. 

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Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of human immunodeficiency virus（HIV） infection among men who have sex with men（MSM） in Hebei Province from 2016 to 2021. Methods Using the AIDS sentinel surveillance data of Hebei Province from 2016 to 2021,HIV infection and its influencing factors were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 12 008 MSM were monitored from 2016 to 2021,the proportion of searching for male partners through the Internet,using condoms every time when having anal sex,receiving intervention services in the last year,and AIDS knowledge awareness showed an increasing trend（all P<0.05）. The proportion of anal sex in the last six months had shown a downward trend（P<0.05）. A total of 997 HIV-positive patients were detected,and the HIV positive rate was 8.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that 31-<41 years old,high school/technical secondary school education,heterosexuality,using condom in the last anal sex,using condom every time for anal sex,and knowledge of AIDS were the protective factors for HIV infection among MSM. While having sexually transmitted diseases in recent one year was a risk factor. Conclusions The situation of HIV infection among MSM population in Hebei Province is not optimistic. It is necessary to increase the rate of condom use and improve STD screening and treatment services to control HIV transmission.

Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of health literacy level among community residents in Xinjiang

Ayinigeer Aizezi, ZHU Yan, Zulipiye Maimaitizunong, WANG Fei, WEI Jingjing

2024, 40(5):  636-640. 

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Objective To understand the health literacy level of community residents in Xinjiang and its influencing factors. Methods From February to March 2023,549 residents in Xinjiang community were randomly selected as the research objects by convenient sampling.The status of health literacy of community residents was investigated by questionnaire survey method,and the factors affecting health literacy of residents were analyzed by stepwise multiple linear regression. Results The health literacy level of community residents in Xinjiang was 9.8%,and the health literacy levels of basic knowledge and ideas,basic life behaviors and ways,and basic skills were 9.6%,17.6%,and 10.9%,respectively. The health literacy levels of the six categories of issues,including scientific health outlook,prevention and treatment of infectious diseases,prevention and treatment of chronic diseases,safety and first aid,basic medical treatment,and health information,were 11.4%,12.0%,9.4%,39.3%,9.6%,and 9.8%,respectively. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in various health literacy levels among community residents with different genders,ages,educational qualifications,and monthly household income（all P<0.05）. Multivariate analysis showed that gender,educational background and average monthly household income were the main influencing factors of health literacy level of community residents in Xinjiang（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The health literacy level of community residents in Xinjiang needs to be improved,and the community plays a very important role in improving the health literacy level of residents.

Path analysis on effect of perceived stress on anxiety of nurses in department of infectious diseases in a hospital

ZOU Guoqin, HUANG Jiagan, HE Shaoyun, PANG Xiangmin, HUANG Shun

2024, 40(5):  641-645. 

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Objective To understand the anxiety of nurses in department of infectious diseases in a hospital,explore the impact path of perceived stress,Qi stagnation constitution and eHealth literacy on anxiety. Methods From February to May 2022,214 nurses in the infectious disease department of a hospital were selected as subjects,they were investigated by self-rating anxiety scale,eHealth literacy scale,perceived stress scale and general situation questionnaire,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of anxiety among nurses in the infectious disease department of a hospital was （50.78±4.99）points,and the incidence was 48.60%（104/214）. The sleep time,mobile phone time before bed,requirement to publish the paper,tension,sense of loss of control,eHealth literacy and Qi stagnation constitution had statistically predictive effect on anxiety（all P<0.05）. The mediating effect value of eHealth literacy and Qi stagnation constitution between tension and anxiety was 0.08 and 0.04 respectively,accounting for 16.33% and 8.16% of the total effect. Conclusions The anxiety of nurses in the infectious disease department of a hospital is obvious,which is closely related to perceived stress,eHealth literacy,Qi stagnation constitution and other factors. The eHealth literacy and Qi stagnation constitution have a partial mediating effect between tension and anxiety. Improving the eHealth literacy of nurses in the infectious disease department can reduce their anxiety level.

Investigation on knowledge-attitude-practice about prevention of sharp injury among operating room nurses in Nanjing City

YANG Xia, LI Guohong, CUI Ying, ZHANG Juan, SHI Ning

2024, 40(5):  646-650. 

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Objective To investigate the status of knowledge-attitude-practice about prevention of sharp injury among operating room nurses in 38 hospitals of Nanjing City,analyze the influencing factors,and provide a basis for reducing occupational exposure of operating room nurses. Methods By the convenient sampling,a self-made questionnaire on knowledge-attitude-practice about prevention of sharp injury of operating room nurses was adopted to investigate 524 operating room nurses in 38 hospitals of Nanjing City from September 2021 to November 2021. Results The standardized average scores of knowledge,attitude and practice dimensions on prevention of sharp injury of investigated nurses were （92.71±9.77）,（87.91±10.01） and （87.97±6.57）points,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the scores among operating room nurses in different age,working years,professional title,education level and hospital level（all P<0.05）. The education level and hospital level were independent protective factors for the knowledge score >80 points（OR=2.725,2.529,both P<0.05）. Conclusions The scores of knowledge-attitude-practice about prevention of sharp injury among operating room nurses in 38 hospitals of Nanjing City are at the upper middle level,presenting with good mastery,positive attitude and strong executive force. The hospital managers ought to focus on the working environment construction of operating room,improve the occupational protection training and occupational exposure reporting management,in order to improve the knowledge-attitude-practice level of sharp injury prevention among operating room nurses.

Analysis on correlation among nursing staff's perception of decent work,professional identity and turnover intention

HE Tao, WANG Hao, HU Keqin, PU Hongying

2024, 40(5):  651-656. 

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Objectives To analyze the current situation of decent work perception,professional identity and turnover intention of nursing workers in 5 cities in northeast Sichuan,and to explore the correlation among decent work perception,professional identity and turnover intention. Methods From March to June 2021,a convenient sampling method was adopted to investigate nursing staff in 5 cities in northeast Sichuan Province from March to June 2021 by using general data questionnaire,decent work perception scale,nurses professional identity rating scale and turnover intention scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The perceived score of decent work was （53.80±10.11）points,the total average score of professional identity was （110.90±23.96）points,the total average score of resignation intention was （13.13±3.78）points,and the total average score of the 3 dimensions were more than 3 points. There was a significant positive correlation between nursing staff's perception of decent work and professional identity（r=0.804,P<0.01）. A significant negative correlation existed between perception of decent work and turnover intention（r=-0.345,P<0.01）,between professional identity and turnover intention（r=-0.436,P<0.01）,respectively. Conclusion Nurses' dimission intention is at a high level,and the perception of decent work and professional identity are negatively correlated with the dimission intention. Improving nurses' perception of decent work and professional identity can effectively reduce the dimission intention.

Mediating effect of psychological resilience of civil aviation practitioners in economic stress,perceived stress and ego depletion

LI Fang, FAN Chunlei, WANG Ligang, TAO Ting, GAO Wenbin

2024, 40(5):  657-661. 

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Objective To understand the relationship among perceived stress,economic stress and ego depletion in civil aviation practitioners,and to analyze the mediating effect of resilience between them. Methods Totally 167 civil aviation practitioners from airlines,airports and air traffic control units were selected as the research objects from October to November 2022,including flight crew and ground personnel,other personnel in administration,management and ground service. The self-designed general data questionnaire,Chinese version of the stress perception scale（CPSS-14）,economic stress scale,self-regulation fatigue scale and psychological resilience scale were used for questionnaire survey,and the clata were analyzed. Results The score of perceived stress,economic stress,self-regulation fatigue and psychological resilience of civil aviation practitioners were （25.59±7.48）,（10.25±4.06）,（43.88±9.43） and （56.5±13.93）points,respectively. The perceived stress was positively correlated with economic stress and ego depletion（r=0.486,0.760,both P<0.01）. The perceived stress was negative correlated with economic stress and resilience（r=-0.623,-0.395, both P<0.01）. There was a negative correlation between economic stress and ego depletion（r=0.421,P<0.01）. There was a negative correlation between resilience and ego depletion（r=-0.597,P<0.01）. The mediating effect of resilience between perceived stress and ego depletion accounted for 16.57%. Conclusions The perceived stress and ego depletion of civil aviation practitioners are both at a high level,and resilience plays a partial mediating role between them. Enhancing resilience can alleviate the influence of stress perception on ego depletion. After controlling for the influence of perceived stress,resilience did not mediate the effect of economic stress on ego depletion.

Comparative analysis of mosquito ovitrap and human landing trap in monitoring Aedes mosquito density

YE Duqiu, PANG Bowen, ZHANG Chi, TAO Junjie, LYU Xihong

2024, 40(5):  662-665. 

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Objective To observe the variation trends of mosquito and oviposition positive index（MOI） and landing index（LI）,compare their correlation and consistency of risk grade assessment under different habitats and periods during the surveillance of Aedes albopictus. Methods Surveillance by mosquito-ovitrap was conducted at 15 street and town monitoring sites in Songjiang District of Shanghai City from June to September 2021,while human landing catch was used 7 days before the laying of mosquito-ovitrap（LI_7d-before）,on the same day（LI_day） and 7 days after the collection of mosquito-ovitrap（LI_7d-after） to calculate MOI and LI_7d-before,LI_day,LI_7d-after. Spearman correlation was used for correlation analysis,and Kappa test was used for risk assessment consistency evaluation between MOI and LI and gray correlation degree analysis for their correlation degree with temperature,humidity and wind speed. Results From June to September in Songjiang District,both MOI and LI increased first and then decreased. MOI reached the highest value of 19.46 in August,and average LI reached the highest value of 3.51 in July. The densities of Aedes albopictus in the tire gathering place and parks were higher than other habitats,and those in schools and hospitals were lower. Spearman correlation coefficients of MOI and LI_7d-before,LI_day,LI_7d-after were 0.393,0.396 and 0.342,respectively,with statistical significance（all P<0.05）,Kappa values were -0.084,0.012 and -0.075（all P>0.05）. The grey correlation degree of MOI with temperature,humidity and wind speed was 0.784,0.771 and 0.751,which of LIday was 0.793,0.785 and 0.774. Conclusion There was a certain correlation between MOI and LI,and both indexes were closely correlated with major meteorological factors. While there was no consistency in the assessment of dengue risk grade. Compared with LI,MOI was more sensitive.

Mediating effect of positive emotions between positive rumination and sense of meaning in life among nursing undergraduates

LI Chen, XU Yimin, CHEN Wei, GUO Minghao

2024, 40(5):  666-670. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of nursing undergraduate students' sense of meaning in life,analyze the mediating role of positive emotions between positive rumination and sense of meaning in life,and provide scientific basis for improving nursing students' sense of meaning in life. Methods From June to August 2022,314 undergraduate nursing students in Beijing were selected by convenient sampling method. The questionnaire survey was conducted with the Chinese version of the meaning in life questionnaire（MLQ-C）,the rumination thinking scale for college students,and the positive and negative affect schedule（PANAS）,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of the sense of meaning of life of nursing undergraduates was （50.88±8.71）points,of which the score of the dimension of seeking sense of meaning was （27.04±5.25）points,and the score of the dimension of having sense of meaning was （23.83±5.46）points. Positive rumination,positive emotions and sense of meaning in life were positively correlated（r=0.442,0.496,both P<0.01）.Positive rumination was positively correlated with positive emotions（r=0.619,P<0.01）. The mediating effect test results showed that positive emotions had a partial mediating effect between the sense of meaning of life and positive rumination among nursing undergraduates,and the mediating effect accounted for 63.02% of the total effect. Conclusion The level of sense of meaning of life of undergraduate nursing students is in the middle and upper level.Active rumination can directly affect the sense of meaning of life of nursing students,and can also indirectly affect the sense of meaning of life of nursing students through positive emotions. Nursing educators can improve the positive emotions of nursing students by cultivating their cognitive style of active rumination,so as to improve the level of sense of meaning of life.

Comparative analysis on the occupational protection knowledge,attitude,belief and practice of novel coronavirus infection before and after the undergraduate nursing internship

XIE Yaqian, LIANG Cizhen, XIAN Jingwen, SUN Xiaoning

2024, 40(5):  671-676. 

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Objective To understand the occupational protection knowledge,attitude and practice of novel coronavirus infection before and after undergraduate nursing students' internships,and to provide reference for undergraduate nursing colleges,internship hospitals and relevant departments to improve the training model of undergraduate nursing talents. Methods The undergraduate nursing students of grade 2017 in the School of Nursing of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,who completed a 10-month internship in the hospital in April 2021,were the pre-internship research object and the undergraduate nursing students of grade 2018,who began a 10-month internship in the hospital in July 2021,were the post-internship research object,whome were selected to investigate the knowledge,attitude and practice of novel coronavirus infection occupational protection before and after the internship. Results The 133 people were investigated before the internship and 127 people after the internship. The pre-internship knowledge questionnaire score was （6.93±3.19）points,and the post-internship knowledge questionnaire score was （9.23±1.31）points;the pre-internship attitude questionnaire score was （41.66±5.47）points,and the post-internship attitude questionnaire score was （47.46±4.45）;the pre-internship practice questionnaire score was （43.79±7.13）points,and the post-internship practice questionnaire score was（48.74±4.19）points. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the common influencing factors of the occupational protection knowledge,attitude and practice of novel coronavirus infection of nursing students before internship were the grade of probation hospitaland and type of probation hospital,whether or not having accepted novel coronavirus infection 's occupational protection operation examination was also the influencing factor of knowledge（all P<0.05）. The influencing factors of novel coronavirus infection's occupational protection knowledge of nursing students after internship were the type of probation hospital and the number of ampule cuts,the number of ampule cuts was also an influencing factor of attitude（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The administrative department of health should establish and improve the occupational protection regulations and laws and regulations for medical staff,educational administrative department should add occupational safety courses and emergency ability training courses to the undergraduate nursing curriculum system and standards,and the practice hospital should strengthen the pre-job training and internship assessment of occupational protection for nursing students.Vocational safety education should be infiltrated into the teaching of all professional courses in nursing colleges. Undergraduate nursing students should conscientiously study the knowledge and skills of occupational protection and enhance the ability of occupational stress resistance.

Analysis on health behaviors and psychosocial influencing factors of children and adolescents in poverty-removing areas of Xinjiang

SUN Ning, MA Jiayi, Aziguli

2024, 40(5):  677-680. 

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Objective To understand the health behavior status of children and adolescents in poverty-removing areas of Xinjiang and its relationship with psychosocial influencing factors,and to provide assistance for the development of children's and adolescents' mental health and intervention in poverty-removing areas of Xinjiang. Methods From March to June 2018,a total of 6 424 primary and secondary school students by class as a unit were randomly selected from 6 counties in Xinjiang areas,the life style,self-efficacy,perceived social support,self-esteem and resilience were investigated,and the data were analyzed. Results The overall score of children and adolescents in poor areas was （81.24±13.69）points，the average score in the physical exercise dimension was （3.55±0.95）points，the safety behavior dimension was （3.95±0.84）points，the health attention dimension was （3.29±1.05）points，and the healthy eating dimension was （3.55±0.88）points. Compared with different ages，BMI，parents' education，and family income，the differences in each dimension of health behavior were statistically significant（all P<0.01）. There was a positive correlation between self-efficacy，important support，family support，friend support，psychological resilience and physical exercise，safe behaviors，health concerns，and healthy eating behaviors（all P<0.01）. There was a negative correlation between self-esteem and safe behavior，physical exercise，healthy diet，and health concerns（all P<0.01）. Psychological toughness had a strong impact on safe behavior（β=0.16，P<0.01）. Self-efficacy was closely related to physical exercise，healthy diet，and health concerns（β=0.22，0.27， 0.24，all P <0.01）. Conclusion The health behavior of children and adolescents in poverty -removing areas of Xinjiang is not optimistic. In the future，attention should be paid to the impact of different demographic variables and psychosocial factors on the health behaviors of children and adolescents.

Research on target management of health system in China based on CiteSpace analysis

HUANG Yulu, , JIANG Shiying, JI Wenchao

2024, 40(5):  681-688. 

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Objective To analyze the progress and development trend of the research on the target management of health system in China,provide reference for the research on the target management of health system. Methods The related literature on target management of health system published in China National Knowledge Network（CNKI） database from building database to September 2022 was utilized as the research object,and the measurement analysis was conducted using CiteSpace software. Results A total of 90 papers were included. The peak period of paper publication was from 1990 to 2000. The research about the application of target management in the health system had become a prominent hotspot. But there was minimal interinvestigator and interinstitutional collaboration. The research fields focus on public health and health administration management. The main research topics focus on the construction of the target management assessment indication system,the application of goal-setting methods and the evaluation of the implementation effect of target management. Conclusion By conducting the measurement analysis of the research progress on the target management of health system in China,it is recommended to optimize the strategy of target management of health system in China from the dimensions of goal setting,process management,and achievement verification.

Meta-analysis of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of pneumoconiosis

LI Shiting, DONG Diewen, ZHENG Xinliang, CUI Lin, ZHANG Min

2024, 40(5):  689-692. 

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Objective To understand the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on pneumoconiosis. Methods Literature on the treatment of pneumoconiosis with traditional Chinese medicine published in domestic and foreign medical journals from December 2000 to June 2022 was retrieved. The experimental group was treated with traditional Chinese medicine alone or with traditional Chinese medicine combined with western medicine,and the control group was treated with western medicine or placebo or no treatment. Totally 17 literatures were included,including 1 424 cases of pneumoconiosis,and meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.4. Results Compared with the control group,Chinese medicine treatment can improve the clinical treatment efficiency of patients（OR=6.51,95%CI：3.36-12.64）,improve clinical respiratory symptoms（OR=3.29,95%CI：2.50-4.31）, significantly improve the shadow of infected lung（OR=9.75,95%CI：4.89-19.45）,improve pulmonary function FEV1（OR=0.98, 95%CI：0.43-1.54）,FEV1/FVC（OR=6.82,95%CI：4.90-8.74） and FEV1%（OR=8.66,95%CI：6.57-10.75）,and significantly increase 6MWT（OR=45.71,95%CI：27.21-64.21）,the differences were statistically significance（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of pneumoconiosis has certain advantages in improving the clinical treatment efficiency,improving clinical symptoms and infected lung shadows,improving lung function and increasing 6MWT. However,due to the small sample size of the included studies,more high-quality studies are needed to verify.

Investigation and Research

Analysis on occupational hazard monitoring of 140 enterprises in Wujin District of Changzhou City from 2020-2022

ZHOU Yichao

2024, 40(5):  693-696. 

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Objective To understand the basic situation of occupational hazards in the workplace of Wujin District in Changzhou City from 2020-2022,and provide reference for occupational health prevention and control work in this district. Methods From 2020-2022,occupational health surveys and related monitoring were carried out in 140 enterprises involving occupational hazard factors in Wujin District from 2020-2022,and the monitoring results were summarized and analyzed. Results The enterprises conducting occupational hazard monitoring in Wujin District were mainly small and micro enterprises,accounting for 86.43%,and the coverage rate of occupational health examination in small and micro enterprises was less than 100.00%. In this survey,the highest proportion of workplaces and enterprises with different occupational hazards exceeding the standard were silica dust in dust factors,accounting for 23.81% and 42.86%,xylene in chemical factors,accounting for 5.45% and 5.41%,and noise in physical factors,accounting for 17.02% and 45.28%. The results of occupational health examinations showed that the highest abnormal rate of occupational health examinations for workers exposed to silicon dust in dust factors was 1.64%,the highest abnormal rate of occupational health examinations for workers exposed to benzene in chemical factors was 0.75%,and the highest abnormal rate of occupational health examinations for workers exposed to noise in physical factors was 0.86%. Conclusion Special attention should be paid to the occupational health supervision of small and micro enterprises,and occupational risk monitoring of exposure factors such as silica dust,benzene and its compounds,and noise should be strengthened.

Analysis on occupational health risk of a small cement production enterprise in Xinjiang

ZHANG Weixuan, ZHANG Na, LI Yuefei, LIU Hongmei, HU Xiaoyuan

2024, 40(5):  697-700. 

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Objective To understand the occupational health risks and protection status of small cement production enterprises in Xinjiang,and to provide basis for improving the occupational health work in Xinjiang cement industry. Methods In December 2021,a small cement production enterprise in Xinjiang was taken as the investigation object,and the occupational hazard exposure level of 14 occupational health risk factors and 13 key positions were detected and evaluated on the spot,and the occupational protection measures and personal protective equipment of the enterprise were investigated. Combined with the relevant occupational health standards,the occupational health status of the enterprise was comprehensively evaluated. Results The main occupational hazards in a cement production enterprise in Xinjiang were noise,high temperature,power frequency electric field,silica dust,limestone dust,gypsum dust,coal dust,cement dust,carbon monoxide,nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. There were 80 detection points for occupational hazard factors,of which 79 were qualified and 1 noise detection point was unqualified,with an overall qualified rate of 98.7%. The noise difference of each evaluation unit was statistically significant（F=7.63, P<0.01）,the noise of clinker burning unit[90.84 dB（A）] was significantly higher than that of other units,and the noise of central control building[51.65 dB（A）] was significantly lower than that of other units. The difference of contact dust concentration in different sections was statistically significant（F=14.73 P<0.01）. The contact dust concentration in crushing section（6.93 mg/m³） was significantly higher than that in milling section（1.18 mg/m³） and packaging section（1.39 mg/m³）,and the total dust and breathing dust in crushing section were higher than those in other two sections. Conclusion Noise and dust are the main occupational hazards in small cement production enterprises in Xinjiang,and the protective measures of enterprises have obvious control effect on dust,so the production equipment should be further improved to reduce noise.

Health Management and Research

Research on forecast of total health expenditure in Tianjin City based on grey Markov model

FU Xiao, HE Lisha, ZHAO Shuai, WANG Zhiqiang, HUANG Aimin, MA Weishu

2024, 40(5):  701-706. 

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Objective To analyse the total health expenditure and its financing structure in Tianjin City from 2011-2020,and forecast the future development of the total health expenditure and its financing structure in Tianjin City during the 14th Five-Year Plan period（2021-2025）,so as provide reasonable suggestions for formulating and improving the health policy of relevant units and effectively reducing the burden of medical care on residents. Methods Based on the relevant data from the Tianjin Statistical Yearbook from 2011-2020,a grey Markov prediction model was established. Excel software was used to analyze the current development status of total health expenditure and financing structure,and the trend of changes in total health expenditure and financing structure in Tianjin City during the 14th Five Year Plan period were predicted and analyzed. Results From 2011-2020,the total health expenditure in Tianjin City increased from 41.11 billion yuan to 90.787 billion yuan,with an average annual growth rate of 12.08%. The proportion of government health expenditure decreased from 25.4% to 21.1%,social health expenditure increased from 37.8% to 49.8%,and the proportion of personal health expenditure decreased from 36.8% to 29.1%. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period,the total health expenditure in Tianjin City continued to steadily increase,with an annual growth rate decreasing. The proportion of personal health expenditure decreased to 25.68%. Conclusion The financing structure of health expenditure in Tianjin City is gradually becoming more rational,with social health expenditure becoming the main source of funding for total health expenditure. However,there is still room for a decrease in the proportion of personal health expenditure. The proportion of personal health expenditure should be steadily reduced in order to alleviate the burden of individual medical treatment for residents.

Overview

Research progress on correlation between indoor air pollution and cognitive function

DONG Min, LUO Yan, MO Beirong

2024, 40(5):  707-710. 

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As a global environmental health problem,indoor air pollution is an important cause of many diseases. Cognitive dysfunction is a common disease among the population,and the prevalence rate is increasing year by year,which not only reduces the quality of life of patients,but also brings a heavy burden to the family and society. There are many factors affecting cognitive decline,and the view that indoor air pollution may be a risk factor for cognitive decline has attracted more and more attention.Therefore,this article reviews the literature on indoor air pollutants,their sources and cognitive function,in order to provide certain reference basis for the prevention of health risks associated with indoor air pollution.

Research progress on regulation of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals on the expressions and transactivation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ

CAO Yaqiang, MIAO Ke, GAO Xu, YU Jianxia, XU Zining, CHEN Yuanyuan

2024, 40(5):  711-715. 

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Mounting evidence from experiment and population studies has shown that environmental endocrine chemicals（EDCs） can also affect the normal lipid metabolism of the body,in addition to interfere with the normal function of immune,nervous,reproductive and other systems.The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ（PPARγ） mediated adipose differentiation is a hot topic in EDCs studies.In this review,the structural characteristics,physiological functions of PPARγ,and the regulation of PPARγ expression by EDCs were systemically introduced,intending to provide reference for a comprehensive assessment of the health risks of EDCs.

Research progress in rapid detection methods of lead in biomaterials

ZHU Lingli, SHI Shanfu

2024, 40(5):  716-720. 

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In the laboratory,we commonly used spectrophotometry,atomic absorption spectrometry,atomic fluorescence method,gas chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography,biosensor method to determine the content of lead in biological materials.Most of these methods were cumbersome to operate and their testing cycle was long,some methods had unstable operating conditions and high experimental requirements,it was difficult to meet the needs of emergency detection work.The rapid detection method had the characteristics of simple operation,rapid operation and portable instrument,and was suitable for the initial screening of suspected lead poisoning personnel and the emergency response of pollution sites.