Table of Content

15 April 2024, Volume 40 Issue 8

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Treatise

Investigation on hearing condition of power generation operation shift workers above an altitude of 2 500 meters

CHENG Yue, ZHANG Chuanhong, WANG Yan, YANG Hua

2024, 40(8):  1009-1012. 

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Objective To investigate the hearing loss and influencing factors of power generation operation shift workers above an altitude of 2 500 meters. Methods By the random sampling method,the power generation operation shift workers who underwent health checks at Sichuan Electric Power Hospital from January 1,2019 to December 31,2022 were selected as the study subjects,and were divided into group A（high altitude group,altitude >2 500 meters） and group B（low altitude group,altitude <1 000 meters） according to the altitude of workplace,to conduct pure tone hearing threshold examination and analyze the hearing loss situation and influencing factors of workers in high altitude. Results A total of 342（684 ears） of noise-exposed workers were included in this study,with a hearing loss detection rate of 68.1%,including a binaural hearing loss detection rate of 47.4%. The mean hearing thresholds at 0.5,3.0,6.0 kHz and high frequency were higher in the high altitude group than in the low altitude group,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The hearing loss detection rates at 0.5,6.0 kHz speech frequency and high frequency were higher in the high altitude group than in the low altitude group,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The mean hearing thresholds at 3.0,4.0,6.0 kHz and high frequency were significantly higher in the male subjects in the high altitude group than in the female subjects（all P<0.01）. The trend χ² test showed a linear trend between the number of years of service at 0.5,1.0,2.0,6.0 kHz speech frequency and high frequency noise exposure and the detection rate of hearing loss（all P<0.05）. The risk of hearing loss was respectively 1.966,1.432,1.964 and 2.102 times higher at 0.5,6.0 kHz,speech frequency and high frequency in the high altitude group than in the low altitude group. Conclusion The high altitude is a contributing factor to hearing loss,the mean hearing threshold of male is higher than that of female subjects,there is a correlation between the number of years of noise-receiving work and the detection rate of hearing loss,while there is no significant difference in the effect of left or right ear on hearing loss.

Role of PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in aluminum-induced learning and memory impairment in mice

HE Xiaoyu, XIANG Changxin, WANG Ru, LIU Yang, YIN Jinzhu, ZHANG Huifang

2024, 40(8):  1013-1019. 

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Objective To explore the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α（PGC-1α）-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in aluminum-induced learning and memory impairment in mice. Methods The adult male SPF ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups：control group（saline group）, aluminum exposure groups[14, 28, 56 μmol/kg Al（mal）₃], which were exposed for three months.The new object recognition experiment was used to detect the changes of learning and memory ability of mice. The changes of mitochondrial structure in hippocampal neurons were observed by transmission electron microscope. The content of adenosine triphosphate（ATP） in hippocampus of mice was detected by corresponding kit. The mRNA contents of PGC-1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1（NRF-1） and mitochondrial transcription factor A（TFAM） and mitochondrial DNA（mtDNA） contents were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）. The Western blotting was used to detect the expression of PGC-1α,TFAM and NRF-1 in hippocampus. Results The experimental results of new object recognition showed that the preference index and discrimination index of mice in each group decreased gradually with the increase of aluminum exposure dose（F=5.857,13.849, both P<0.05）. The results of transmission electron microscope showed that the structure of mitochondria in the control group was complete, the outer membrane and crista were clearly visible, and the mitochondria in the aluminum exposed groups showed vacuolar changes, and the normal mitochondrial structure disappeared. The contents of mtDNA and ATP in hippocampus of mice decreased gradually with the increase of aluminum exposure dose（F=313.923, 89.887,both P<0.05）. Compared with the control group（1.00±0.00）,the expressions of PGC-1α,NRF-1 and TFAM mRNA in hippocampal neurons in aluminum exposure groups all showed a downward trend, and the levels of PGC-1α,NRF-1 and TFAM mRNA in 56 μmol/kg Al（mal）₃ group were significantly reduced to 0.53±0.08,0.21±0.08,0.42±0.06（P<0.05）. Compared with the control group（1.00±0.00）,the protein expressions of PGC-1α,NRF-1 and TFAM in the aluminum exposed groups all showed a downward trend, and the protein expressions of PGC-1α,NRF-1 and TFAM in the 56 μmol/kg Al（mal）₃ group decreased significantly to 0.66±0.15,0.50±0.22,0.60±0.77（P<0.05）, showing a dose-response relationship. Conclusion Aluminum can inhibit the signal pathway PGC-1α-NRF-1-TFAM related to mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampus of mice, decrease the number of mtDNA in neurons and inhibit intracellular mitochondrial biogenesis,reduce the ATP content in mitochondria,change the morphological structure of hippocampal neurons in mice,and then damage the learning and memory ability of mice.

Analysis on respiratory pathogenic spectrum of influenza like cases with negative influenza virus nucleic acid in children under five years old in Baiyin City

WANG Yanbo, ZHANG Bin, ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Xiaomei, YANG Yaqian

2024, 40(8):  1020-1023. 

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Objective To analyze the respiratory pathogenic spectrum of nasopharyngeal secretions of influenza-like illness（ILI） cases with negative influenza virus nucleic acid in children under five years old in Baiyin City,provide the basis for the prevention and control of respiratory diseases in children. Methods The fluorescence quantitative multiplex PCR technology（TaqMan respiratory pathogenic microfluidic chip） was used to detect 38 respiratory pathogens,including human parainfluenza virus,respiratory syncytial virus,rhinovirus,enterovirus,chlamydia pneumoniae,mycoplasma pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae and Pneumocystis pneumoniae,in the nasopharyngeal secretion specimens from 409 ILI cases with negative influenza virus nucleic acid in children under five years old from November 2020 to May 2021,and the data were analyzed. Results Among 409 samples,no bacteria,mycoplasma,chlamydia and fungi covered by the TaqMan respiratory pathogenic microfluidic chip of this study were detected. The total detection rate of viruses was 60.64%（245/409）,including 13.45%（55/409） of parainfluenza virus,12.47%（51/409） of respiratory syncytial virus,9.29%（38/409） of rhinovirus,8.80%（36/409） of enterovirus,6.60%（27/409） of human metapneumovirus,5.62%（23/409） of adenovirus,2.20%（9/409） of coronavirus,and 2.20%（9/409） of bocavirus. The total virus infection rate of children was 50.61%,of which the single virus infection rate was 41.81%,the mixed virus infection rate was 8.80%,and the mixed infection rate of rhinovirus and enterovirus was the highest,which was 38.89%. Conclusion A variety of respiratory viruses are detected in the nasopharyngeal secretions of ILI cases with negative influenza virus nucleic acid in children under five years old in Baiyin City,the pathogenic spectrum is complex,the positive detection rate of respiratory virus infection in children of different age groups is different,some children have mixed infection of two or more viruses,so the differential diagnosis and monitoring of children's ILI should be strengthened to ensure the healthy growth of children.

Analysis on occupational hazards and protective measures of dust in a foundry enterprise in Shanghai City

SHI Lihua, YAN Nan

2024, 40(8):  1024-1028. 

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Objective To study the occupational hazards of dust that may occur in the production workshop and protective measures of a casting enterprise in Shanghai City,in order to provide a basic basis for dust prevention and control in the casting enterprise. Methods In November 2021,an investigation and testing were conducted on the dust exposure process of the casting enterprise. Based on the classification method of workplace productive dust,the occupational hazards of dust that may be exposed in the enterprise were classified. At the same time,the protection level of the engineering protective measures and personal protective equipment configured by the casting enterprise was analyzed. Results Totally 17 positions exposed to dust were selected for testing and analysis in the production workshop of the casting enterprise. The results showed that the overall pass rate of dust was 59%,and the dust detection results of one modeling workstation,three core making machine workstations,two sand cleaning workstations,and one mold blowing and cleaning workstation all exceeded the standard. The job classification was as follows：modeling workstation（silicon dust,50%< free SiO₂ content ≤80%） and mold blowing and cleaning workstation（silicon dust,10% ≤free SiO2 content≤50%） were classⅠ（mild hazard operation），core making machine workstation and sand cleaning workstation [silicon dust，50%＜free SiO2 content≤80%（total dust）] were class Ⅱ（moderate hazard operation）. The dust detection results of other positions were all qualified，and the positions were classified as class 0（relatively harmless operations）. By calculating the hazard factors of each exceeding standard position，it was found that their hazard factors were all ＜10. After the operators correctly wore 3M9042 self suction filter dust semi mask，the expected exposure concentration of dust in each exceeding standard position was lower than the national occupational health standards. Conclusion The silicon dust generated by the modeling，core making，sand cleaning，and mold blowing cleaning of the casting enterprise poses a significant risk，and it is necessary to strengthen the updating and maintenance of engineering protective facilities such as ventilation and dust removal，supervise the correct wearing of personal protective equipment by operators，and conduct occupational health checks for operators，to reduce the impact of dust on their health.

Analysis on monitoring results of key occupational diseases in Zaozhuang City in 2022

GUO Tong, CHU Fujian, PANG Ying

2024, 40(8):  1029-1033. 

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Objective To analyze the health status of workers exposed to key occupational hazards in Zaozhuang City in 2022,provide scientific reference for the occupational health regulatory authorities to formulate relevant prevention and control measures. Methods Based on the data reported by the occupational disease and health hazard monitoring information system from January 1 to December 31,2022,a database was established to analyze the abnormal detection rate of key occupational disease monitoring results. Results The detection rate of suspected occupational diseases caused by silica dust among the workers was 0.11%,the detection rate of suspected occupational diseases caused by coal dust was 0.04%,and the detection rate of suspected occupational diseases caused by noise was 0.003%,all of which were lower than the average level in Shandong Province. The detection rate of occupational contraindications for silica dust was 0.70%,the detection rate of occupational contraindications for noise was 1.07%,and the detection rate of occupational contraindications for benzene was 0.08%. The abnormal rate of pneumoconiosis like changes in silica dust workers was 0.08%,all of whom were male and came from the construction stone processing industry. The chest radiograph abnormalities of coal dust workers were mainly concentrated in the mining industry,of which two cases of pneumoconiosis like changes were from the bituminous coal and anthracite mining and washing industry,and there were 783 cases of other abnormalities,with an abnormality rate of 11.74%,and the abnormality rate of men（12.11%） was higher than that of women（4.62%）. The abnormal rate of lung function test indicators in workers exposed to dust ranked from high to low as forced vital capacity（FVC%） abnormality（17.44%）,followed by forced expiratory volume in one second（FEV1.0%） abnormality（5.98%）,and finally as FEV1.0/FVC% abnormality（0.78%）. Among the special indicators for workers exposed to benzene,the majority were abnormal reduction in white blood cells（5.91%） and neutrophils（5.58%）. The abnormal rates of white blood cells,neutrophils,and platelets in women were higher than those in men. The abnormal rate of bilateral high-frequency average hearing thresholds in males（7.32%） was higher than that in females（1.61%）. The abnormal rate of bilateral high-frequency average hearing threshold in noise exposed workers of different age groups and working years showed an increasing trend with age and working years. Conclusion The occupational hazard factor with the highest occupational health risk in Zaozhuang City is noise,followed by dust,and the occupational disease control in Zaozhuang City should mainly focus on the control of pneumoconiosis,and in combination with the special treatment of occupational hazards and the occupational health assistance action for small and medium-sized enterprises,and provide targeted assistance to quartz stone processing enterprises that exceed the standard.

Analysis on occupational stress,depression and anxiety among key occupational groups in a central province

MA Xiaodong, QIN Wenyan, ZHANG Wenzhen, ZHAO Xia, WANG Song, LI Xiuping

2024, 40(8):  1034-1040. 

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Objective To assess the occupational stress,depression,and anxiety status and influencing factors among key occupational groups in a central province in 2022. Methods The secondary industry conducts cluster sampling based on enterprises,while the tertiary industry adopts probability-proportional-to-size sampling（PPS）. From March to December 2022,a total of 12 410 frontline employees from 208 household units were surveyed. The personal questionnaire for occupational health literacy monitoring of key population were administered to collect basic information,occupational stress,depression,and anxiety of surveyed people by field investigation using mobile terminal and upload the monitoring system in real-time,and the data were analyzed. Results The incidence of occupational stress,depression and anxiety among key occupational groups in one central province were 28.4%,74.6% and 38.2%,respectively. There was a moderate positive correlation among occupational stress,depression and anxiety（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the occurrence of occupational stress,anxiety and depression among different genders,ages,education levels,household registration,industries,unit nature,unit size,weekly working hours,night shifts（all P<0.05）. The incidence of occupational stress were higher among key occupational groups,including male,age <40 years old,illiterate/rarely literate,non-agricultural household registration,chemical raw material and product manufacturing industry,state-owned enterprises,enterprise size ≥1 000 people,weekly working hours >55 hours and night shifts. Undergraduate students,30-<40 years old,non-agricultural registered permanent residence,education industry,enterprise size of more than 1 000 people,weekly working hours >55 hours and night shift workers had more serious depression and anxiety,while state-owned enterprise workers had more serious depression and public institution workers had more serious anxiety. Logistic regression analysis showed that increased cultural level,occupational stress,night shift,large unit size and long working hours weekly increased the risk of psychological abnormalities in key occupational groups,while agricultural household,the increase in age,registration unmarried population and the increase of monthly income reduced the risk of psychological abnormalities among key occupational groups. Compared with the coal mining and washing industry,the psychological abnormalities in other industries were increased,especially in the education industry. Compared with state-owned enterprises,the psychological abnormalities of private and other types of enterprises showed a downward trend. Conclusions The key occupational groups in a central province has varying degrees of occupational stress,depression,and anxiety. The government,society,employers and individuals should clarify their responsibilities and obligations,and to improve the psychological state of the occupational groups.

Effects of lycium barbarum polysaccharide on behavioral ability and PI3K/AKT pathway activation in sleep deprivation rats

WANG Yanwei, SHAN Tieqiang, WANG Congmin, JIANG Liu, HAN Changhai, SHI Weigang

2024, 40(8):  1041-1045. 

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Objective To analyze the effects of lycium barbarum polysaccharide on autophagy protein,phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase（PI3K）/threonine protein kinase（AKT） signaling pathway and behavioral ability in hippocampus of sleep deprivation rats,and explore the molecular mechanism of lycium barbarum polysaccharide improving sleep deprivation rats. Methods The sleep deprived experimental was established in rats by using the "multiplatform water environment",18 rats were arranged into three groups：sleep deprivation group,lycium barbarum polysaccharide group and estazolam group. The health rats were arranged into the normal group. The lycium barbarum polysaccharide group and estazolam group were given daily gavage with lycium barbarum polysaccharide and estazolam respectively,sleep deprivation group and normal groupwere given daily gavage with the same volume of triple distilled water. All the four groups were continuously fed for 28 days. The changes of rats' behavioral abilities was measured through the "water maze" experiment. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized to measure the level of malondialdehyde（MDA） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） in hippocampus. The Western blot was utilized to determine the levels of bcl-2 homologous domain protein antibody（Beclin 1）,microtubule-associated protein light chain 3Ⅱ（LC3Ⅱ）/microtubule-associated protein light chain 3Ⅰ（LC3Ⅰ）,PI3K,phosphorylated inositol 3 kinase（p-PI3K）,Akt and phosphorylated serine threonine kinase（p-AKT） in the hippocampus of rats. Results Compared with the normal group,the rats’ escape latency[（41.98±5.27）s] in the sleep deprivation group was prolonged,and the number of crossing platforms[（9.56±1.46）times] was reduced（both P<0.05）,the content of MDA[（3.55±0.46）mmol/L] increased and the content of SOD[（7.62±1.20）U/L] decreased in the hippocampus tissue （both P<0.01）,the contents of autophagic proteins Beclin 1（1.60±0.17） and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ（1.18±0.14） in the hippocampus increased（both P<0.05）,while the contents of p-PI3K/PI3K（0.28±0.05） and p-AKT/AKT（0.40±0.07） decreased（both P<0.05）. Compared with the sleep deprivation group,the rats’ escape latency[（29.79±4.01）s] in the ycium barbarum polysaccharide group was is shortened,and the number of crossing platforms[（16.01±2.29）times] was increased（both P<0.05）,the content of MDA[（2.31±0.38）mmol/L] decreased and the content of SOD[（14.25±1.89）U/L] increased in the hippocampus tissue（both P<0.01）,the contents of autophagic proteins Beclin 1（1.02±0.16） and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ（0.80±0.12） in the hippocampus decreased（both P<0.05）,while the contents of p-PI3K/PI3K（0.52±0.08）and p-AKT/AKT（0.64±0.09）increased（both P<0.05）. The lycium barbarum polysaccharide group and estazolam group had not obvious difference in the above indicators（both P>0.05）. Conclusion The lycium barbarum polysaccharide is able to upgrade the behavioral ability of sleep deprivation rats by activating PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibiting excessive autophagy in hippocampus.

Study on a novel carbon dots based on antibody labeling in detection of deoxynivalenol

DU Yu, LIU Zhiyong, ZHANG Yi, ZHANG Mingyue, LIN Xiaohui

2024, 40(8):  1046-1049. 

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Objective The immunofluorescence technology is the earliest developed detection technology with high sensitivity and strong specificity.It is expected to use this technology to prepare a low toxicity,economic and efficient carbon dots as a marker of immunofluorescence,label it on deoxynivalenol（DON） antibodies,so as to identify DON in samples by using this immunoprobe. Methods The polyvinylimide was used as surface modifier and citric acid as carbon source to prepare a carbon dots which could be labeled on antibody by using the microwave-assisted method. The amino/carboxyl coupling method was used to bind this carbon dot with DON antibodies to produce an immunofluorescence probe,and the binding of the probe with DON was observed under the microscope. Results When the excitation light was 334 nm,this carbon dots could emit a strong blue light of 445 nm. The infrared characterization showed that the surface of this carbon spot contains carboxyl group and amino groups modified by PEI,so it could be combined with the surface of the antibody containing amino group and could emit fluorescent signals. As an immunofluorescence probe to detect the corresponding antigen,fluorescence signals were observed under a fluorescence microscope. Conclusion The immunofluorescence probe of DON is prepared by combining the prepared fluorescent carbon dots with antibodies by amino/carboxyl coupling method,and this immune probe is successfully used for detecting DON.

Analysis on monitoring results of chemical pollutants and harmful factors in food in Nantong City from 2016 to 2021

TAN Weiwei, JIAO Man, SUN Huamin, AN NA, ZHU Xingchen, SHI Xiangling

2024, 40(8):  1050-1054. 

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Objective To understand the pollution of chemical pollutants and harmful factors in food in Nantong City,accumulating data for targeted food safety prevention and control,and to provide reference basis. Methods Samples were collected and determined every year according to the requirements of "Jiangsu Province Food Pollution and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring Manual". Results A total of 1 364 food samples of 18 categories were collected in Nantong City from 2016 to 2021,223 indicators from 8 categories were monitored,and 60 samples were found to exceed the standard,involving 21 indicators form 9 categories of food,with an exceeding standard rate of 4.40%. The exceeding standard items included food additives in baked food and alcohol,pesticides in tea and tea products,vegetables and their products,fruits and their products,veterinary drugs and prohibited drugs in eggs and egg products,meat and meat products,honey,and harmful elements in aquatic animals and their products. There were statistically significant differences in the rate of food exceeding standards among different categories of pollutants,different monitoring points and different circulation links,and the rate of chemical pollutants and harmful factors exceeding standards in samples from different years showed an increasing trend year by year（P<0.05）. Conclusions The risk of chemical pollutants and harmful factors in food in Nantong City is relatively low,but some food products still exceed the standard. It is suggested that relevant departments should strengthen the precise supervision efforts on key food,pollutants and circulation links to effectively ensure the food safety for residents.

Analysis on status quo and influencing factors of presenteeism among nurses in infectious disease hospitals in Anhui Province

WANG Huanhuan, DING Ping, XU Mingxing, ZHANG Wenzhen, LI Yingying, DAI Mingzhe

2024, 40(8):  1055-1060. 

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Objective To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of presenteeism among nurses in infectious disease hospitals in Anhui Province. Methods In November 2022,a total of 402 nurses from 8 infectious disease hospitals in Anhui Province were selected as the research subjects by convenience sampling method. The general date questionnaire,Stanford presenteeism scale（SPS-6） and the practice environment scale of the nursing work index were used to investigate,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of presenteeism of nurses in infectious disease hospitals in Anhui Province was （15.19±4.95） points,and the incidence of high presenteeism was 55.97%. Correlation analysis showed that all dimensions of nursing work environment were negatively correlated with the score of presenteeism（all P<0.01）. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that working years,physical health status,weekly overtime,whether suffering from workplace violence,high-quality service base,and sufficient human and material resources were the main influencing factors of presenteeism among nurses in infectious disease hospitals（P<0.05）,which could explain 39.2% of the total variation. Conclusions The presenteeism of nurses in Anhui Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital is at a medium level. Nurses with short working years,poor health status,excessive weekly overtime,and suffering from workplace violence are more likely to have presenteeism. At the same time,managers can reduce the level of presenteeism of nurses in infectious disease hospitals by providing high-quality service base and sufficient human and material resources.

Epidemiological characteristics and trends based on joinpoint regression model of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in a district in Chongqing City from 2009 to 2022

LI Sijie, WANG Yuehui, YANG Hui

2024, 40(8):  1061-1066. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and trends of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control and response of respiratory infectious diseases. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the surveillance data of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in a certain district in Chongqing City from 2009 to 2022,and used Joinpoint Regression Model to analyze the change trend of incidence rate. Results The incidence rate of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in a certain district in Chongqing City from 2009 to 2022 was 175.53/100 000 with the total of 14 545 cases. Tuberculosis（n=5 507）,varicella（n=4 309）,influenza（n=2 638） and mump（n=1 466） had the most reported cases of all. The incidence rate was higher in males than in females（χ²=28.307,P<0.01）. Most of the case were aged between 5 and 35 which accounted for 60.70% of the total notifiable respiratory infectious diseases cases. The peak incidence occurred from November to December,and there was another small peak from May to July. The overall change trend of the incidence rate of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in this district in Chongqing City from 2009 to 2022 was stable,with annual percent change（APC）=average annual percent change（AAPC）=1.6（P>0.05）. The incidence rate of tuberculosis（APC=AAPC=-3.2,P<0.01） and mumps（APC=AAPC=-10.4,P<0.05） showed a downward trend. The incidence rate of varicella showed an upward trend from 2009 to 2018（APC=19.1,P<0.01） and then there was no statistically significant difference in the trend change from 2018 to 2022（APC=-15.9,P>0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the trend change of influenzas incidence rate from 2009 to 2011（APC=-76.7,P>0.05）,and it was an upward trend from 2011 to 2022（APC=26.1,P<0.01）. Conclusion Different prevention and control measures should be taken according to the different epidemiological characteristics of respiratory infectious diseases,and particular emphasis on the important role of vaccines in the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases.

Research on correlation between decision style and disaster rescue ability of nurses in emergency department and critical care department of five hospitals in Nantong City

LI Lina, ZHANG Yan, ZUO Meiyun, MA Wen, WANG Jingjing

2024, 40(8):  1067-1072. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of decision-making style and disaster rescue ability of nurses in emergency and critical care departments of five hospitals in Nantong City,and explore the correlation between decision-making style and disaster rescue ability. Methods From April to December 2022,a convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 242 emergency and critical care nurses from 5 hospitals in Nantong City,using general information questionnaires,decision-making style scale and disaster rescue core competency questionnaire. Using multiple linear regression analysis to analyze the influencing factors of disaster rescue ability of nurses in emergency and critical care departments. Results The decision-making style score of nurses in the emergency and critical care department was （67.97±10.82）points,and the total score of disaster rescue ability was （128.34±30.91）points. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant difference in the disaster rescue ability scores of nurses in the emergency and critical care departments with different years of service,professional titles,whether they were specialized nurses in emergency and critical care,whether they participated in disaster relief training and different disaster rescue experiences（all P<0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that rational styles and intuitive impulsive decision-making styles were positively correlated with the disaster rescue ability of nurses in emergency and critical care departments（r=0.365,0.197,both P<0.05）,while avoidance decision-making styles were negatively correlated with the disaster rescue ability of nurses in emergency and critical care departments（r=-0.256,P<0.05）.However,there was no statistically significant correlation between dependent decision-making styles and the disaster rescue ability of nurses in emergency and critical care departments（P>0.05）. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that years of work in emergency and critical care,participation in disaster training,experience in disaster rescue and rational decision-making style were all positive factors affecting the disaster rescue ability of nurses in emergency and critical care departments（all P<0.05）,while avoidance decision-making style was a negative predictive factor of disaster rescue ability（P<0.05）. Conclusion Emergency and critical care nurses mainly adopt a rational decision-making style. Medical institutions and nursing managers should actively organize disaster rescue training,encourage nurses to participate in disaster relief practices,and identify the decision-making style of emergency and critical care nurses to maintain and improve the disaster rescue ability of the emergency and critical care nurse team.

Research on correlation and influencing factors between quality of life and self leadership of medical personnel

JIN Tongyang, YAO Yuan, WU Shaohua, XIA Yu, ZHU Yanbo

2024, 40(8):  1073-1078. 

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Objective To understand the correlation between the level of self-leadership and the quality of life of medical personnel,and to explore the influencing factors of quality of life of medical personnel. Methods From January to February 2020,529 teachers and students from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine were selected as survey subjects using purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods. A general information questionnaire,revised self-leadership questionnaire（RSLQ） and world health organization quality of life（WHO-QOL-BREF） were used for questionnaire survey and the data were analyzed. Result The total score of self leadership among medical personnel was （122.942±19.236）points,with the highest scores for natural rewards dimension[（18.168±2.975）]points,and the lowest scores for self suggestion dimension[（6.327±1.752）points]. The total score of quality of life was （63.900±12.329）points,with the highest score in the physiological field[（66.676±14.280）points] and the lowest score in the environmental field[（60.084±14.256）points]. Both the total score of self leadership and the total score of quality of life were above the average level. The total score of self leadership was positively correlated with the total score of quality of life（P<0.05）. Self punishment,success prediction and self dialogue were negative influencing factors on quality of life（all P<0.05）,natural rewards and self goal setting were positive influencing factors on quality of life（both P<0.05）. Conclusions In 2020,the level of self-leadership and quality of life of medical personnel is at a moderate level,and self leadership has a positive impact on quality of life. It is recommended that hospitals focus on the cultivation and improvement of self leadership among medical personnel,and pay attention to the quality of life of undergraduate education and young medical personnel.

Analysis on relationship between psychological resilience,professional commitment and job involvement of medical staff in laboratory department of tertiary hospitals in Beijing City

BAI Guangliang, DING Xiudong, ZHANG Yi, MEI Xue, WANG Xinyan, DONG Chang

2024, 40(8):  1079-1082. 

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Objective To understand the level of psychological resilience,professional commitment and job involvement of medical staff in laboratory departments of tertiary hospitals in Beijing,and analyze their relationship. Methods From September to December 2022,a total of 119 clinical laboratory medical staff from three tertiary hospitals in Beijing City were investigated by general information questionnaire,psychological resilience scale,professional commitment scale and job involvement scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of psychological resilience was （52.97±14.11）points,the total score of professional commitment was （73.11±12.65）points,and the total score of job involvement was （65.36±12.17）points. The results of correlation analysis showed that the psychological resilience of medical staff in the laboratory was positively correlated with professional commitment and job involvement（both P<0.01）. The results of multiple linear hierarchical regression analysis show that age,education background,personnel relationship,self-rated mental health status and sleep quality were the influencing factors of psychological resilience of medical staff in the laboratory of tertiary hospitals in Beijing（all P<0.01）. After controlling the general data,education background,professional commitment and job involvement were the main influencing factors of psychological resilience of medical staff in the laboratory of tertiary hospitals in Beijing（all P<0.01）. Conclusion The psychological resilience of medical staff in the laboratory of tertiary hospitals in Beijing is at a middle level,and professional commitment and job involvement are positive predictors of the psychological resilience of medical staff in the laboratory.

Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of professional deviation behavior among nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals

AN Fangfang, LI Sha, LI Yuanyuan, FU Yahui, WANG Jiao, LI Furong

2024, 40(8):  1083-1087. 

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Objective To understand the status quo of professional deviation behavior among nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From January to June 2022,a total of 760 nurses from grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shaanxi Province were selected as research objects by cluster convenient sampling method. The survey was conducted using general information questionnaire,nurses' professional deviance behavior scale,nurses’ moral courage scale and error aversion culture scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of professional deviant behavior,nurses’ moral courage and the culture of error aversion among 760 nurses was （33.85±8.28）,（63.49±8.25） and （25.46±6.44）points,respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the professional deviant behavior of nurses was negatively correlated with moral courage（r=-0.723,P<0.01）,and positively correlated with error aversion culture（r=0.602,P<0.01）. Multiple regression analysis showed that moral courage,error aversion culture,position,nursing age and professional title were the main factors affecting nurses professional deviant behavior（all P<0.05）,which could explain 47.5% of the variation in nurses professional deviant behavior score. Conclusion The overall professional deviant behavior of 760 nurses in six grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shaanxi Province is relatively low. Nurses can better abide by labor discipline,but the interpersonal relationship processing needs to be improved. Nursing managers can start from the moral courage and error aversion culture of nurses,improve their professional ethics,eliminate the negative cultural atmosphere of nursing error aversion,and supervise and correct all deviant behaviors of nurses with short employment time and low professional titles in their work through the "bringing the young with the old" system,assist them in summarizing and reflecting,avoid the recurrence of deviant behaviors,and further reduce the professional deviant behaviors of nurses.

Analysis on causes and trends of death among residents in Xicheng District of Beijing City from 2012 to 2021

CHU Linan, DONG Yi, LI Zhu, ZHANG Yan, ZHU Danhong

2024, 40(8):  1088-1092. 

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Objective To analyze the causes,distribution,and change trend of death among residents in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2012 to 2021,providing decision-making basis for disease prevention and control. Methods The death data of registered residence residents in Xicheng District of Beijing City from 2012 to 2021 were collected,and the mortality rate,standardized mortality rate,death ratio and the annual percentage change（APC） and other indicators were calculated,and analyzed the situation and change trend of all cause deaths. Results From 2012 to 2021,the crude mortality rate of residents in Xicheng District of Beijing City was 708.41/100 000,and the standardized mortality rate was 320.51/100 000. The crude mortality rate showed an upward trend with the change of years（t=3.968,P<0.01）,and the APC value was 2.34%.The standardized mortality rate of males was significantly higher than that in females（χ²=11.342,P<0.01）. The crude mortality rate showed an increasing trend with age（χ²_trend=224.36,P<0.01）. The top five causes of death in order were malignant tumors（225.15/100 000）,heart disease（185.14/100 000）,cerebrovascular diseases（120.96/100 000）,respiratory diseases（96.65/100 000）,injuries and poisoning（25.68/100 000）,accounting for 84.18% of all deaths. Among them,the mortality rates of heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,injury and poisoning showed an increasing trend,with APC values of 2.48%,4.96% and 3.37%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The mortality rates of malignant tumors and respiratory diseases showed a downward trend,with APC values of -0.24% and -9.27%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）. The leading cause of death in the 0-<15 age group was perinatal diseases,the leading cause of death in the 15-<45 and 45-<65 age group were all malignant tumors,and the leading cause of death in the ≥65 age group was heart disease. Conclusions The mortality rate of residents in Xicheng District of Beijing City showed an upward trend from 2012 to 2021,with male standardized mortality rates significantly higher than females. Chronic non communicable diseases,mainly malignant tumors,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory system diseases,as well as injuries and poisoning,are the main causes of harm to the health of residents in our region. Comprehensive prevention measures should be taken to reduce the mortality rate of chronic diseases,injuries and poisoning,and protect the health of residents.

Mediating role of occupational resilience between occupational stress and mental health among internal medicine nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals

Adilan Abulikenmu, ZHANG Min, LIU Yanxia, LI Jiezhen

2024, 40(8):  1093-1097. 

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Objective To explore the mediating role of occupational resilience between occupational stress and mental health among internal medicine nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals. Methods A total of 184 internal medicine nurses from three traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in Urumqi were selected from July to September 2022 by the convenient sampling method. The general data scale,occupational resilience scale,occupational stress scale and symptom checklist 90（SCL-90） were used for investigation and the data were analyzed. Results The occupational resilience score of nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals was （39.62±6.84）points,occupational stress score was （98.36±10.22）points,and SCL-90 score was （204.76±46.36）points. The comparison of SCL-90 scores among internal medicine nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals with different ages,years of work,professional titles,monthly income,and monthly night shift frequency showed statistical significance （all P<0.05）. The occupational resilience score of internal medicine nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals was negatively correlated with SCL-90 and occupational stress scores（both P<0.01）,while occupational stress scores were positively correlated with SCL-90 scores（P<0.01）. The occupational resilience of internal medicine nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals partially mediates the relationship between occupational stress and mental health,with a mediation effect of 0.259,accounting for 46.92% of the total effect. Conclusion The professional resilience of internal medicine nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals plays a partial mediating role in the impact of occupational stress on occupational mental health.

Applying TOPSIS method to evaluate the quality of statutory infectious disease reports in medical institutions in Chaoyang District of Beijing City

HE Li, MENG Haiying, WANG Shan, LOU Ge, HUANG Liyong, ZHANG Zheng

2024, 40(8):  1098-1101. 

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Objective To gain a comprehensive understanding of the statutory infectious disease reports in Chaoyang District of Beijing City,and explore solution strategies to provide a basis for improving the reporting quality. Methods Stratified cluster multi-stage sampling was used to collect the reporting of statutory infectious diseases in Chaoyang District of Beijing City from 2018 to 2022,and SPSS 20.0 software was used for data statistics and analysis,and TOPSIS method was used to comprehensively evaluate the reporting quality of statutory infectious diseases. Results From 2018 to 2022,the reporting rate of statutory infectious diseases in Chaoyang District of Beijing City was 99.93%,the reporting completeness rate was 89.15%,the reporting accuracy rate was 92.85%,the reporting consistency rate was 66.61%,the reporting timeliness rate was 99.03%,and the completion rate of ID number was 99.77%. The quality of comprehensive reports for different years was ranked from high to low in 2018,2021,2019,2022 and 2020. The quality of the comprehensive report of hospitals at different levels,from high to low,was classified as tertiary medical institutions,secondary medical institutions,primary and unrated medical institutions. Conclusion There are still certain deficiencies in the quality of statutory infectious disease reports in Chaoyang District of Beijing City. It is necessary to provide training for medical personnel on infectious disease diagnosis and reporting,enhance their reporting awareness,and build a more comprehensive hospital management information system,which will be the focus and direction of future work.

Effect of multiple environmental exposure to PM_2.5 in early pregnancy on thyroid hormone levels in pregnant women

ZHOU Jing, DAI Yonghui, SHI Jianyong, WANG Chenchen, ZHANG Ling, WU Shunhua

2024, 40(8):  1102-1105. 

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Objective To study the relationship between fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） exposure and maternal thyroid hormone levels in different environments during early pregnancy. Methods Using daily PM_2.5 data from Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,the PM_2.5 exposure concentration around the early pregnancy address of 145 maternal infant queue pregnant women in Xinjiang was calculated using the Kriging interpolation tool in Arcgis 10.8. The indoor PM_2.5 exposure concentration in the early pregnancy was calculated using the ratio of indoor and outdoor particulate matter concentration（I/0 value）. The PM_2.5 exposure concentration in multiple environments was calculated based on different environmental exposure times,and using a generalized linear model to analyze the relationship between PM_2.5 exposure concentration in early pregnancy and thyroid hormone levels in cohort pregnant women under different environments. Results The average daily outdoor exposure concentration of PM_2.5 in early pregnancy of 145 pregnant women M（P₂₅,P₇₅） was 37（27,39）μg/m³,the daily average indoor exposure concentration of PM_2.5 was 23（18,27）μg/m³. The maximum exposure concentration of PM_2.5 in the average daily dose（ADD） of multiple environments was 30（24,33）μg/m³,the minimum exposure concentration of PM_2.5 was 25（20,29）μg/m³. 145 pregnant women had free thyroxine（FT4） levels of 13.2（12.0,14.4）pmol/L,serum free triiodothyronine（FT3） level was 4.5（4.1,4.8）pmol/L,thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH） level was 2.13（1.02,2.13）μIU/mL. The daily average outdoor,indoor,ADD （highest）,and ADD（lowest） environmental PM_2.5 exposure concentrations in early pregnancy were all correlated with FT4 levels during pregnancy,with OR（95%CI） of 0.967（0.954-0.979）,0.969（0.957-0.980）,0.969（0.959-0.980） and 0.969（0.957-0.980）,respectively（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Exposure to PM_2.5 in outdoor,indoor,and multiple environments during early pregnancy is correlated with FT4 during pregnancy. Early pregnancy is a special stage where the fetal thyroid gland has not yet developed,and should pay special attention to the imbalance of maternal thyroid hormone levels.

Study on relationship between family intimacy,psychological resilience and loneliness of college students

LI Jia, GUO Zhihui

2024, 40(8):  1106-1110. 

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Objective To explore the relationship between family intimacy,psychological resilience and loneliness of college students in Baoji City. Methods In October 2022,the family intimacy and adaptability scale were used to survey 466 college students in Baoji City,and the data were analyzed. Results The average score of loneliness among college students in Baoji City was （42.67±8.64）points,which was at a general upper level. The family intimacy of college students was positively correlated with psychological resilience（r=0.573,P<0.01）,and negatively correlated with loneliness（r=-0.532,P<0.01）. The loneliness was negatively correlated with psychological resilience（r=-0.440,P<0.01）. The direct effect size value of family intimacy on loneliness was -0.312,accounting for 78% of the total effect. The indirect effect size value of family intimacy on loneliness through psychological resilience was -0.088,accounting for 22% of the total effect. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between family intimacy,psychological resilience,and loneliness among college students in Baoji City,and the psychological resilience plays a partial mediating role between family intimacy and loneliness among college students.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of school public health emergencies in Nanjing City from 2004 to 2022

ZHANG Zhong, SUN Hongmin, XU Yangting, BIAN Zenghui, FAN Huafeng

2024, 40(8):  1111-1115. 

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Objective To Analyze the epidemiological characteristics of school public health emergencies（PHEs） in Nanjing City from 2004 to 2022,so as to provide a scientific evidence for formulating targeted prevention and control policies and measures. Methods The data were collected and organized from National Public Health Emergency Reporting System and analyzed by descriptive method. Results From 2004 to 2022,a total of 228 PHEs were reported in Nanjing City,98.25%（224 PHEs） of which were caused by infectious diseases,with chickenpox（114 PHEs）,as the first,followed by other infectious diarrhea,influenza and mumps. There were three turning points in the annual percentage change of PHEs from 2004 to 2022,namely in 2006,2014,and 2019,the three changes after 2006 were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. There were two peaks throughout the year,with November December being the peak period. The reported incidence of emergencies in the southern suburbs of Nanjing City was relatively high,and there was a statistically significant in spatial autocorrelation in Nanjing City（Moran’s I=0.123, Z=2.24,P=0.025）. PHEs mainly occurred in primary schools and kindergartens（73.25%）. The types of infectious disease incidents involved in emergencies in schools of different years and age groups were different. The discovery of the incident mainly relies on reports from medical institutions and schools. Conclusions From 2004 to 2022,there were differences in the main diseases of PHEs in Nanjing City,with chickenpox and primary school being the key diseases and stages for emergency prevention and control. We should do a good job of tracking and monitoring,strive to proactively detect and deal with the epidemic in the early stage of the event,and conduct timely epidemic analysis to grasp the characteristics and changes of PHE.

Analysis on community nursing employment intention of nursing students in Yunnan Province

SHI Yaling, SU Yanmei, HU Qin, TIAN Jiafu, YANG Qin, ZHANG Ying

2024, 40(8):  1116-1120. 

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Objective To investigate the community nursing employment intention of nursing students in Yunnan Province,analyze its influencing factors and conduct countermeasures research. Methods From March to December 2022,the nursing students at different levels of education were selected from four higher education institutions in Yunnan Province to conduct a survey on their employment intention by convenience sampling method,and the data were analyzed. Results The highest number of people who were willing to choose community nursing employment was three-year secondary school（236,70.24%）,followed by five-year vocational college（158,61.96%）,three-year junior college（111,53.62%）,general undergraduate（45,39.47%）,graduate（24,43.64%）. The main influencing factors of community nursing employment intention of nursing students were educational system and degree,nationality,cognition of community nursing in their areas,willingness to actively understand community nursing knowledge,prospect for community nursing development in their region and acceptance degree of community nursing employment（β=-0.094,-0.068,-0.002,0.517,0.183,0.177,all P<0.05）. Conclusion In combination with the multi-ethnic characteristics of Yunnan,it is necessary to improve the willingness of nursing students to get employment in community nursing from educational system and degree,nationality,cognition of community nursing in their areas,willingness to actively understand community nursing knowledge,prospect for community nursing development in their region and acceptance degree of community nursing employment,and propose countermeasures to provide reference for the training of community nursing talents and education reform.

Analysis of research hotspots on anxiety and depression status among domestic nurses based on CiteSpace

ZHANG Tianqiao, PAN Ciming, ZHANG Zhuzhu, DU Suzhi

2024, 40(8):  1121-1125. 

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Objective To analyze the relevant literature on nurse anxiety and depression published on China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI） in recent years,in order to demonstrate the research hotspots and frontiers in this field and provide direction for future research. Methods Retrieve relevant literature on the theme of nurse anxiety and depression from the establishment of the database to 2022 on CNKI. Use CiteSpace software to conduct visual analysis on the included literature,including publication volume,authors,institutions,keyword co-occurrence,keyword clustering,and keyword highlighting. Results A total of 504 papers were included,and the annual publication volume showed a slow growth trend,reaching the peak in 2020. Some core author groups in the field of nurse anxiety and depression were formed,and research institutions were mostly universities and nursing departments. The research hotspots mainly focused on the mental health,anxiety and psychological resilience of nurses. Conclusion The field of nurse mental health is still in a period of continuous development and exploration,and nurse mental health needs to be valued. Relevant policy and interventions need to be implemented.

Investigation and Research

Epidemiological analysis of imported malaria in Hanzhong City from 2013 to 2021

DENG Tiahua, ZHANG Mulin, WEI Jianjun, DING Quanming, HAN Yifei, CHEN Yali

2024, 40(8):  1126-1128. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and diagnostic status of malaria in 11 districts and counties of Hanzhong City,so as to provide scientific basis for improving the ability of prevention and control. Methods The data of malaria epidemic situation and malaria case investigation in Hanzhong City from 2013 to 2021 were collected,and the epidemic characteristics of malaria were analyzed by the epidemiological methods. Results From 2013 to 2021,totally 22 737 person-time of blood tests were carried out in Hanzhong City,and the total positive rate of malaria cases was stable at a low level. The difference in the proportion of malaria cases to the total population was statistically significant among different years（P<0.05）. There were 38 malaria cases,and all of them were imported. Among 38 malaria cases,89.5%（34/38） were imported from abroad,and the remaining 4 cases were infected in Yunnan area of China. The overseas import regions were mainly Africa,accounting for 78.9%（30/38）. The majority of malaria types were falciparum malaria and vivax malaria,accounting for 63.2% （24/38） and 26.3%（10/38） respectively,ovale malaria accounted for 7.9%（3/38）,and three-day malaria accounted for 2.6%（1/38）. The onset of malaria cases was concentrated in February,May and November. The region analysis of 38 malaria cases showed that the number of malaria cases in the plain area was more than that in the mountain area. All of malaria infection cases were male,and the age was concentrated in young adults. The difference in the time from initial diagnosis to diagnosis of malaria cases was statistically significant among different years（P<0.05）. The total correct rate of laboratory initial diagnosis was 89.5%（34/38）. Conclusions All malaria cases in Hanzhong City are imported cases. The malaria detection capacity of district and county medical and health institutions has been gradually improved. It is suggested that multi-sector cooperation should strengthen personnel classification management,further improve the ability of malaria diagnosis in medical and health institutions in the area,and provide reliable guarantee for preventing the spread of malaria.

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Baoding City from 1949 to 2022

DI Yunwen, ZHANG Cuiping, YANG Huanhuan, ZHANG Fanfan, CHANG Yonghong, LI Yanling

2024, 40(8):  1129-1132. 

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Objective To analyze the incidence characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Baoding City from 1949 to 2022,and provide reference for the government to formulate pneumoconiosis prevention and control plans. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted on occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Baoding City from 1949 to 2022,and epidemiological analysis was conducted on the composition of pneumoconiosis types,industry distribution,years of dust exposure,and age of onset. Results From 1949 to 2022,a total of 1 290 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were diagnosed in Baoding City. The top four diseases were coal workers’ pneumoconiosis（583 cases,45.19%）,asbestosis（297 cases,23.02%）,foundry workers' pneumoconiosis（178 cases,13.80%）,and silicosis（127 cases,9.84%）,mainly distributed in the coal mining and washing industry of state-owned small and medium-sized enterprises（569 cases,44.11%）,non-metallic mining industry（308 cases,23.88%） and general equipment manufacturing industry（161 cases,12.48%）. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of industries among different diseases（χ²=3 322.81,P<0.01）. After 1987,the incidence of pneumoconiosis decreased significantly,and the incidence of silicosis ranked first. From 2010 to 2022,there were 59 new cases of pneumoconiosis in Baoding City,of which silicosis accounted for 69.49%,mainly distributed in the western mountainous areas. There were 1 048 cases of stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis（81.24%）,198 cases of stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis（15.35%）,and 44 cases of stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis（3.41%） in Baoding City. The proportion of stage Ⅲ silicosis was much higher than other diseases（18 cases,14.17%）.Among the average dust exposure years in Baoding City,silicosis was the shortest[（16.13±8.45）years]. There were 26 cases of pneumoconiosis with dust exposure years of 0-<6 years,and silicosis accounted for 69.23%. Conclusions With the successive closure of underground mining enterprises such as coal mines and asbestos mines,the high incidence of pneumoconiosis in Baoding has been basically controlled.The black metal smelting and rolling processing industry,non-metallic mineral products industry and general equipment manufacturing industry of small and medium-sized private enterprises have become the focus of special treatment.

Investigation on radon activity concentration and γ external radiation exposure levels in workplaces of five metal mines in Hunan Province

ZENG Yifan, NIE Yunfeng, ZHANG Ting, XU Zhiyong, PENG Junzhe, HE Weihong

2024, 40(8):  1133-1135. 

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Objective To investigate the level of radioactive occupational hazards in metal mine workplaces in Hunan Province,and provide the latest data for disease prevention and regulation. Methods Five metal mines in Hunan Province were selected,and from 2020 to 2022,the radon activity concentration and γ external exposure level in the workplace were monitored in each mine every year,estimating individual annual radiation dose. Results The range of radon activity concentration in five metal mine workplaces was 11.9-13 497.0 Bq/m³ underground and 23.8-3 056.0 Bq/m³ above ground. The equivalent dose rate of γ external irradiation was 0.09-0.44 μSv/h underground and 0.08-1.53 μSv/h above ground. The average radon activity concentration in A and B mines was over 1 000.0 Bq/m³,and the radon activity concentration in the ground ball mill of B mine was over 1 000.0 Bq/m³. The measured γ external irradiation value in the mineral processing area of B mine was more than twice the natural background value. Conclusion Both A and B mines should take a series of protective measures to ensure that the annual effective dose of underground workers is less than 20 mSv. However,the most important measure at present is to legislate the inclusion of non-uranium mines with radon concentration over 1000 Bq/m³ in radiation protection management,and to incorporate underground non-uranium miners with higher radon-induced annual doses into radiation work management.

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of newly diagnosed occupational diseases in Tai’an City from 2006 to 2022

SHI Guodong, LIU Bing

2024, 40(8):  1136-1139. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic factors of occupational diseases in Tai'an City,understand the characteristics and prevalence trends of occupational disease incidence,and provide a basis for occupational health supervision and prevention policy formulation. Methods The data of occupational disease cases in Tai’an City from 2006 to 2022 were collected from the occupational disease and health hazard monitoring information system,and classified and analyzed them according to the types of occupational diseases,time,regions,enterprises and population distribution. Results From 2006 to 2022,there were a total of 1 808 newly diagnosed occupational diseases in 8 categories and 28 types in Tai'an City. Among them,there were 1 754 males（97.01%） and 54 females（2.99%）. The average length of service for damage exposure was （23.50±12.50） years,with 20-<30 years accounting for the highest proportion（45.47%）. The average diagnosis age was （57.40±11.95）years old,with the highest proportion being 50-<60 years old（29.98%）.In terms of the types of occupational diseases,occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases（87.11%）,occupational ear,nose,throat and oral diseases（6.19%）,and occupational chemical poisoning（3.82%） ranked in the top three,while pneumoconiosis accounted for 85.95%,mainly coal worker's pneumoconiosis,silicosis and welder pneumoconiosis. In terms of time distribution,the highest diagnostic report in 2007 was 12.17%. In terms of regional distribution,Feicheng City had 41.37% and Xintai City had 37.22%. In terms of industry categories,the mining industry accounted for 82.08%,while the manufacturing industry accounted for 16.37%. In terms of enterprise scale,large enterprises accounted for 63.27% and medium-sized enterprises accounted for 31.86%. Conclusion The overall trend of occupational disease incidence in Tai'an City is decreasing, but the situation is still severe. The prevention and control of pneumoconiosis is the focus of future occupational disease prevention and control work, and small and micro enterprises should be the key targets for rectification, strengthening occupational health supervision and enterprise self-management.

Health Management and Research

Analysis on resource allocation efficiency of disease prevention and control institutions in Hebei Province from 2015 to 2021

ZHOU Ran, MA Xiaojiang, MA Xiaojiang Zhenxi, ZHANG Jingzhan, ZENG Juan

2024, 40(8):  1140-1143. 

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Objective To analyze the dynamic changes of health resource allocation efficiency in disease prevention and control institutions in Hebei Province,and provide reference for optimizing resource allocation structure and promoting the development of public health in Hebei Province. Method The data of the number of institutions,personnel,equipment,incidence rate and mortality of class A and B infectious diseases in disease prevention and control institutions in Hebei Province from 2015 to 2021 were collected,and the dynamic efficiency of resource allocation in disease prevention and control institutions was analyzed by data envelopment analysis（DEA）. Results From 2015 to 2021,the change of total factor productivity of disease prevention and control institutions in Hebei Province decreased by 1.9% on average annually,the change of technological progress decreased by 2.3% on average annually,and the change of technological efficiency increased by 0.9% on average annually. Conclusion DEA is effective in 5 out of 11 districts cities,and the balance of resource allocation efficiency needs to be improved. Regional policies should be tailored to local conditions to enhance the technical level of resource utilization in disease prevention and control institutions in various regions,improve the efficiency of resource allocation in disease prevention and control institutions in Hebei Province,and to meet the needs of public health services.

Overview

Research progress on challenge-hindrance stressors in nurses

LU Yichen, CHEN Yuying, YIN Yue, WEI Yulian

2024, 40(8):  1144-1147. 

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Nurses are an important part of the healthcare industry,running through the entire disease cycle of patients. The stressor is one of the characteristics of nursing work. This article reviews the concept,evaluation tools,current situation and influencing factors of challenging-hindering stressors in nurses,aiming to provide reference for nursing managers to propose strategies for managing stressors and conducting intervention research on challenging-hindering stressors in nurses.

Research progress of health evaluation tool for college students

LIANG Zhenning, LIANG Jiahao, QIAN Yi

2024, 40(8):  1148-1152. 

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The Healthy China 2030 Plan Outline puts forward the concept of lifelong health management,promotes people's health with the "concept of general health" as the center,summarizes a wide range of health influencing factors,and maintains people's health throughout the life cycle and in an all-round way. In recent years,the health problems of college students have been emerging endlessly,which has attracted widespread attention from domestic scholars. The college student health evaluation tool is a set of evaluation system used to evaluate the overall health status of college students by understanding their physical,psychological,social,behavioral,environmental,and other health conditions based on the definition of health. With the deepening of people's understanding of health and the increasing demand for health,the research on health evaluation of college students has been improved,enriched,and updated in terms of methods and content. This paper mainly reviews the research progress of the college student health evaluation tool,aiming to lay the foundation for exploring a systematic,scientific,and effective health evaluation system that can comprehensively evaluate the health status of college students,and continuously promoting the in-depth research of college student health evaluation.