Table of Content

01 April 2024, Volume 40 Issue 7

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Treatise

Analysis on medical costs and influencing factors of pneumoconiosis patients in Yantai City

MI Zhaojuan, CHEN Chao, LIU Wei, CHEN Chenglong, BAI Lin, YAN Xige

2024, 40(7):  865-868. 

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Objective To explore the current situation and factors influencing medical costs of pneumoconiosis patients in Yantai City,and to provide a scientific basis for implementing targeted interventions. Methods In the database of current cases of occupational pneumoconiosis diagnosed in Yantai City from 1949 to 2020,300 cases were stratified by disease duration as the case group,and 600 cases of the same sex and age difference of not more than 3 years were the control group. The general information questionnaire was used to survey the study population,the data was analyzed. Results Pneumoconiosis patients had higher annual medical costs than the control group population,the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The annual medical costs of patients were concentrated within 1.0 million yuan. The annual medical costs 0-<0.2 million yuan accounted for 44.0% of the total,0.2-<1.0 million yuan accounted for 43.0% of the total,≥1.0 million yuan accounted for 13.0% of the total. Pneumoconiosis comorbidity,annual hospitalization days and worker's injury insurance were the main factors influencing the annual medical costs of pneumoconiosis patients（all P<0.05）. Patients with a comorbidity were 45.047 times more likely to have annual medical costs ≥1.0 million yuan than those without comorbidities. Patients with ≥20 days of hospitalization per year were 204.728 times more likely to have annual medical costs 1.0 million yuan than those who were not hospitalized. Patients with workers' compensation insurance only were 22.728 times more likely to have annual medical costs ≥1.0 million yuan than those with medical insurance only. Rehabilitation training was a protective factor for annual medical costs of pneumoconiosis patients（P<0.05）,patients with 1-<3 months of annual rehabilitation training were 0.016 times more likely to have annual medical costs ≥1.0 million yuan than those who had not undergone rehabilitation training. Conclusions The medical costs of pneumoconiosis patients in Yantai are significantly higher than those of the general population,the main influencing factors are pneumoconiosis comorbidity,number of days of hospitalization per year,workers' injury insurance,and rehabilitation training.Active rehabilitation training,prevention of pneumoconiosis comorbidities,and further improvement of worker's injury insurance policies and rehabilitation training operation mechanisms can effectively reduce medical costs for patients.

Analysis on correlation between job stress and job burnout among nurses in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Wuhu City

XU Ying, XU Shujuan, LIU Mengqi, LIU Zhiyu, ZHANG Mengjuan

2024, 40(7):  869-873. 

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Objective To analyze the current status of stressors and burnout in nurses in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Wuhu City,and explore the correlation between them. Method From February to April 2023,377 nurses in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Wuhu City were investigated with a general information questionnaire,stressor scale and burnout scale,and the data was analyzed. Results The total stress source of 337 nurses was （2.20±0.43）points,the total average score of job burnout was （4.36±1.24）points,the stressors of nurses were positively correlated with job burnout（r=0.409,P<0.01）. After controlling for other factors,stressors were positively correlated with burnout（P<0.05）,and the number of children,professional title,average monthly night shift and average monthly income had impact on the burnout level of nurses（all P<0.05）,which could explain 35.7% of the total variation. Conclusions The nurse stressors are at a medium level,the problem of burnout is more prominent,and burnout will further increase with the increase of work pressure,which provides a certain theoretical basis for nursing managers to implement clinical interventions.

Determination of 24 elements in human urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method

WANG Chao, RUAN Shasha, YUAN Guanxiang, LIN Kai, JIANG Jie, ZHANG Yi

2024, 40(7):  874-879. 

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Objective To develop a method for the simultaneous determination of 24 elements in human urine using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）. Methods The internal standard method was used to correct the errors,and the selection and stability of the internal standard elements were discussed. The optimized method effectively overcame the effects of matrix effects and signal drift. Results The 24 elements had good linear relationship in the concentration range of calibration curve,and the correlation coefficients（r） were all ≥0.999 5. The average recovery of 24 elements was 84.8%-108.0%,and the relative standard deviation of 6 parallel determinations was 1.34%-6.77%. The standard urine quality control substances L-1 and L-2 were determined and the results were within the standard value range. Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive and accurate,which provides a technical basis for the study of heavy metal monitoring in population.

Characteristics and trend analysis of noise occupational disease hazards in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City from 2017 to 2021

WEI Jinyu, ZHANG Yunxiao, TANG Ping

2024, 40(7):  880-884. 

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Objective To understand the status of occupational hazards of noise in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City from 2017 to 2021,analyze its incidence trend,and to provide basis for the development of targeted noise control measures. Methods The data of occupational health examination for noise workers and occupational noise deafness patients in Jiangbei Distric of Chongqing City from 2017 to 2021 were described and analyzed. Chi-square test and correlation analysis of occupational health examination data were carried out by SPSS. Results From 2017 to 2021,56 041 people were exposed to noise in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City,mainly concentrated in manufacturing industry（88.19%）,state-owned economy（35.82%）,and large enterprises（48.79%）. A total of 29 897 noise on-the-job workers were examined,and the detection rate of hearing loss was 6.37%,the detection rate of suspected occupational diseases was 0.22%,and the incidence of occupational diseases was 0.15%. Hearing loss,suspected occupational disease detection rate and occupational disease incidence were the highest in males,people aged 50-<60 years and people with 15-<20 years of service. The detection rate increased with increasing age and length of service（both P<0.01）. The average age of occupational disease diagnosis was （47.14±6.44）years,and the average duration of exposure was （10.60±4.56）years. The detection rate of hearing loss was high in manufacturing industry,collective economy and microenterprise. Suspected occupational disease detection and occupational disease incidence were higher in leasing and commercial services,manufacturing industries,state-owned economies,and small enterprises than in other industries. There were significant differences in hearing loss,suspected occupational venereal disease detection rate and occupational disease incidence among workers in different industries,different sizes and economic types of enterprises（all P<0.01）. Conclusions Manufacturing industry,state-owned economy and small private enterprises in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City should be the key focus of noise prevention and control,with noise workers aged 40-<60 and with more than 10 years of work experience as the key population. Jiangbei District of Chongqing City should strengthen occupational health supervision,standardize occupational health management of enterprises,strengthen the construction of occupational health examination institutions,improve the physical examination rate of occupational health examination,and reduce the under-reporting rate of occupational diseases.

Analysis on personal dose of occupational external exposure of radiation workers in Gansu Province

WANG Fang, WANG Jie, YANG Haiyan, WANG Yanjun, WU Jialong, LIU Xiaoyun

2024, 40(7):  885-888. 

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Objective To analyze the personal dose level of occupational external exposure of radiation workers in Gansu Province,provide references for health management of radiation personnel and prevention of radiation diseases. Methods The personal dose monitoring and evaluation of radiation workers in Gansu Province in 2021 was conducted according to national standards. The RE2000A fully automatic thermoluminescence dose readout instrument and precision annealing furnace was applied for the measurement and annealing. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0. Results A total of 4 031 radiation workers from 273 units were collected in this analysis. The annual effective dose of monitored person was 0.28 mSv/a. There was statistically significant differences in effective dose distribution among different occupational categories（H=147.22,P<0.05）. The effective dose of other units such as education and animal hospitals（0.30 mSv/a） was higher than that of medical application personnel（0.28 mSv/a）,and the difference was statistically significant（Z=-10.82,P<0.05）. Among the medical application categories,nuclear medicine had the highest effective dose（0.47 mSv/a）,followed by interventional radiology（0.31 mSv/a）. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of monitoring results among different levels of hospitals（H=20.69,P<0.05）,and the annual effective dose of individual monitoring results in tertiary hospital was lowest（0.25 mSv/a）. Conclusions The personal dose of occupational external exposure in Gansu Province is generally low in 2021. It is necessary to continue to increase the importance of radiation workers and avoid wearing errors,intentional exposure,and other situations. The protection and supervision of industrial application units,education,scientific research,and animal hospitals and other institutions should be strengthened. The medical institutions should strengthen monitoring of local organs and internal radiation for intervention and nuclear medicine personnel.

Evaluation of radiation protection for ⁹⁰Y resin microspheres treatment project

HUANG Xiaoqian, HOU Zhousen

2024, 40(7):  889-892. 

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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of radiation protection and control for the occupational hazards of the ⁹⁰Y resin microsphere treatment project in the China Institute of Atomic Energy Hospital,providing technical basis for the completion acceptance and officially operation of the project,and reference for other medical institutions building similar projects. Methods From March to April 2023,the on-site investigation method,checklist analysis method and comprehensive analysis method were used to analyze radiation source items,workplace zoning and grading,radiation protection detection,surface contamination detection and radiation protection evaluation of the project. Results After the project was put into operation,the total daily equivalent maximum operation volume of the nuclear medicine department site was about 1.01×10⁸ Bq. The radiation dose rate and β surface contamination level of the surrounding environment of the site were higher for ⁹⁰Y drug dispensing process,the maximum X-γ dose equivalent rate at 5 cm on the surface of the fume hood was 8.79 μSv/h,and the maximum β surface pollution was 0.22 Bq/cm²,which met the requirements of nuclear medicine radiation protection. Conclusions The measures adopted in this project all meet the requirements of national standards,the radiation protection control effect is qualified,and the conditions for the completion and acceptance of radiation protection facilities are met. The project uses radioactive nuclides ⁹⁰Y、⁹⁹Tc^m for treatment,which belongs to the construction project category of radioactive hazard and serious diagnostic and treatment risk. The hospital should attach importance to the radiation protection of this project and ensure the radiation safety and health of radiation workers and the public.

Incidence of occupational diseases in Liaoning Province from 2006 to 2022

ZHAO Jie, LI Xiaoran, GUO Xinwei

2024, 40(7):  893-896. 

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Objective To understand the incidence of newly diagnosed occupational diseases reported in Liaoning Province from 2006 to 2022,explore the epidemiological trends and characteristics of occupational diseases,provide basic data for formulating occupational disease prevention and control policies and scientific research,and explore the key points of occupational disease prevention and control in Liaoning Province. Methods The data of occupational diseases reported in Liaoning Provence from 2006 to 2022 were collected and analyzed. Results From 2006 to 2022,a total of 16 294 new cases of occupational diseases were reported,the number of new cases occupational diseases has been on the rise since 2007,and it increased to a maximum of 3 073 in 2014,began to fell down in 2015. Occupational pneumoconiosis and occupational chemical poisoning accounted for 95.1% of the total cases,with 14 707 cases（90.3%） and 785 cases（4.8%）,respectively. The cumulative reported new cases of occupational diseases were mainly distributed in Huludao（11 404 cases,70.0%）,Shenyang（806 cases,4.9%）,and Chaoyang（690 cases,4.2%）. The cumulative reported new cases of occupational diseases in the mining industry were 14 108 cases,accounting for 86.6%,ranking first. The average length of service for newly diagnosed cases of various occupational diseases was 15.6 years,and the average age of onset was 51.6 years. Conclusion The incidence of occupational diseases in Liaoning Province shows obvious clustering in disease types,regions,industries,and other aspects. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of occupational diseases in key areas and industries based on the characteristics of occupational diseases.

Analysis on mediating effect of psychological resilience on personal occupational fatigue and work engagement among obstetric nurses in tertiary hospitals in Suzhou City

PAN Xiaohong, SHEN Fei, LU Aifen

2024, 40(7):  897-902. 

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Objective To understand the mediating effect of psychological resilience between occupational fatigue and work engagement of obstetric nurses,and provide reference for alleviating occupational fatigue of obstetric nurses. Methods A simple lot drawing method was used to distribute questionnaires to 203 obstetric nurses in four tertiary hospitals in Suzhou City from June to September 2022. The questionnaire includes general information sheet,occupational fatigue scale,psychological resilience scale and work engagement scale. And the data were analyzed. Results The psychological resilience score of 203 obstetric nurses in Suzhou was （86.01±10.45）points,occupational fatigue score was （17.32±2.93）points,and work engagement score was （68.08±6.05）points. The psychological resilience of obstetric nurses was negatively correlated with occupational fatigue（r=-0.472,P<0.05）,and positively correlated with work engagement（r=0.619,P<0.05）. Occupational fatigue was negatively correlated with work engagement（r=-0.424, P<0.05）. The direct effect values of occupational fatigue on psychological resilience and work engagement of obstetric nurses were -0.260 and -0.400,respectively,and the direct effect value of psychological resilience on work engagement was 0.180. Psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between occupational fatigue and work engagement among obstetric nurses,accounting for 21.69% of the total effect. Conclusion The psychological resilience of 203 obstetric nurses from four tertiary hospitals in Suzhou City plays a partial mediating role between occupational fatigue and work engagement. Improving the psychological resilience of obstetric nurses is beneficial for reducing their occupational fatigue and promoting work engagement.

Analysis on current status of occupational hazard factors detection in key industry workplaces of Ningxia in 2021

HOU Pengyi, WANG Meilin, PI Yangyang, WANG Faxuan

2024, 40(7):  903-907. 

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Objective To understand the current status of exposure and detection of occupational hazard factors in workplaces of key industries in Ningxia in 2021. Methods In 2021,the key industries in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were investigated and tested on the spot,and the status of exposure of workers to occupational hazards in the enterprises was collected by the unified questionnaire of workplace occupational-disease-inductive factors monitoring project,and samples were collected on the spot in strict accordance with the national standards. The sampling results were compared with the current national standard to determine whether it exceeds the standard. Results The key industry employers in Ningxia were mainly distributed in Yinchuan City,Shizuishan City and Wuzhong City,accounting for 25.08%,28.76% and 25.75%,respectively. The scale of enterprises was mainly small enterprise,accounting for 51.17%. In 2021,the highest number of workers in key industries exposed to occupational hazard factors was 40 576 in Yinchuan City. The industry with the largest number of exposed workers was coal mining and washing,with 27 331. The enterprises with the largest number of exposed workers were large enterprises,with 44 436. The exceeding rates of dust and physical factors were high,the exceeding rate of post was 16.43% and 13.18% respectively,and the exceeding rate of place was 12.20% and 13.52% respectively. Conclusions There are a large number of small and micro enterprises in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,but the workers exposed to hazard factors are mainly distributed in large enterprises. In the future,the control of occupational hazard factors should be mainly in Yinchuan City,coal mining and washing industry and large enterprises. The occupational hazard factors should focus on the dust control.

Simultaneous determination of arsenic,mercury and selenium in water by graphite digestion and atomic fluorescence method

LIN Jinzhong, ZHANG Xin, DING Youming, REN Zhihong, HUANG Chan

2024, 40(7):  908-912. 

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Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of arsenic,mercury and selenium in water by graphite digestion and three channel atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Methods K₂Cr₂O₇-HNO₃-HClO₄ was used as the digestion solution,and the water sample was digested by graphite digester. Arsenic,mercury and selenium were simultaneously determined in water by three-channel atomic fluorescence method,quantified by standard curve method and the results were compared with the national standard method. Results In this method,arsenic and selenium were in the range of 1.0-20.0 μg/L,mercury was in the range of 0.10-2.00 μg/L,the correlation coefficients of standard curve were all greater than 0.999 0. The detection limits were 0.064 μg/L for arsenic,0.030 g/L for mercury and 0.051 μg/L for selenium. The relative standard deviations were 2.95% for arsenic,1.13% for mercury,and 1.34% for selenium. The relative deviations between the mean value of quality control samples and the standard value were 3.37% for arsenic,2.93% for mercury,and -3.39% for selenium. The average recoveries in the spiking experiment were 97.3% for arsenic,99.9% for mercury,and 103.3% for selenium. Paired t-test was used to compare the sample determination results of the two methods,and there was no statistical significance（all P>0.05）. Conclusions The method can improve the working efficiency and reduce the amount of chemical reagents. The curve linearity,detection limit,precision,accuracy and sample determination results of the method all meet the requirements of the national standard method,and having certain practical value.

Research on the application of integrated learning in predicting inorganic arsenic content in aquatic products

LIANG Huaixin, WANG Rundong, WANG Haoran, LIU Bin, ZHENG Cunfang

2024, 40(7):  913-916. 

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Objective Chronic exposure of inorganic arsenic in aquatic products is harmful to human health,and its detection time cost is high. For the purpose of realizing the rapid prediction of inorganic arsenic content,an integrated learning model of inorganic arsenic content prediction based on small sample size and characteristic quantity was established. Methods Data on heavy metals in aquatic products in Qinhuangdao from 2018 to 2022 was collected. Pearson correlation coefficient method was used to analyze the correlation of lead,cadmium,mercury and inorganic arsenic,and to examine the multicollinearity. The stepwise regression vector combination method was used to test the goodness of fit（R²） and mean square error（MSE） of gradient boosting regressor（GBR） and random forest model（RF） under different feature combinations in order to screen the optimal combination. The feasibility of 5 integrated learning algorithm models in model evaluation index,recovery rate and target risk coefficient（THQ） was compared. Results There was a weak correlation between the four elements and no multicollinearity exists. The R² values of RF and BGR algorithm were 89.9% and 93.3%,respectively. R² of extreme learning tree（ET） model in shellfish,fish,crab and shrimp were 100.00%,99.42%,100.00%,99.92%,respectively,and the box plots showed the smallest deviation in prediction errors. The outliers were within the acceptable range,the results of dietary risk assessed by THQ index were consistent before and after prediction. Conclusion The method proposed in this study is aimed at rapid prediction of inorganic arsenic elements with small sample sizes and characteristic sizes,and can provide a low-cost and high-efficiency method for the early-warning of food safety risk.

Analysis on sleep quality status and influencing factors of operating room nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Mianyang City

DONG Yunyun, LI Fan, ZHANG Jie

2024, 40(7):  917-922. 

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Objective To investigate the functional somatic symptoms,recovery experience and sleep quality status of operating room nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals,and to analyze the influencing factors of sleep quality of operating room nurses. Method From August to December 2022,a total of 274 operating room nurses from three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Mianyang City were selected by convenience sampling method. Functional somatic symptoms scale,recovery experience scale and sleep quality scale were used for the survey. Descriptive analysis,correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between functional somatic symptoms,recovery experience and sleep quality. Result The results showed that the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale（PSQI） score of 274 operating room nurses was （7.94±4.66）points,the functional somatic symptom score was （25.50±12.71）points,and the recovery experience score was （56.87±11.80）points. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in PSQI scores among operating room nurses with different nursing years,night shift frequency,weekly overtime hours,exercise frequency,and work pressure intensity（all P<0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that PSQI total score and scores of each dimension were positively correlated with the total scores of functional somatic symptoms and the scores of each dimensions（r=0.276-0.707,all P<0.05）,and negatively correlated with total score of recovery experience and scores of each dimension（r=-0.186--0.676,all P<0.05）. Multiple linear regression showed that the length of service in the operating room,exercise frequency,night shift frequency,functional somatic symptoms and recovery experience were the main influencing factors of sleep quality of operating room nurses（all P<0.05）,accounting for 73.2% of the total variables. Conclusions The sleep quality of operating room nurses in Mianyang grade-A tertiary hospitals is poor,and functional somatic symptoms and recovery experience are independent influencing factors. Nursing managers should take targeted interventions to improve the physical and mental health of nurses,so as to improve their sleep quality.

Mediating effect of core self-evaluation on perceived organizational support and career adaptability in nosocomial infection prevention and control practitioners

DAI Mingzhe, DING Ping, XU Mingxing, LI Yingying, ZHANG Wenzhen, WANG Huanhuan

2024, 40(7):  923-928. 

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Objective To understand the core self-evaluation,organizational support and career adaptability of nosocomial infection prevention and control practitioners（IPCPs）,and analyze the mediating effect of core self-evaluation between organizational support and career adaptability. Methods In December 2022,a convenience sampling method was used to survey 322 IPCPs from 53 hospitals in Anhui Province using a general information questionnaire,core self-evaluation scale,organizational support scale,and occupational adaptation strength scale,and the data was analyzed. Results The total scores of core self-evaluation,organizational support and career adaptability of 322 IPCPs were （35.68±4.91）,（42.41±8.90） and （89.72±11.26）points,respectively. There was a positive correlation between the core self-evaluation,organizational support,and career adaptability of IPCPs（all P<0.01）. Core self-evaluation of IPCPs had a partial mediating effect between perceived organizational support and career adaptability（β=0.133,P<0.01）,accounting for 36.3% of the total effect value. Conclusions Core self-evaluation and career adaptability of 322 IPCPs from 5 hospitals in Anhui Province were at an above medium level,and perceived organizational support was at a medium level. Perceived organizational support of IPCPs can indirectly affect their career adaptability through core self-evaluation. Hospital managers should take positive measures to improve perceived organizational support and core self-evaluation of IPCPs,so as to enhance their career adaptability.

Mediating effect of job-esteem on the relationship between occupational coping self-efficacy and work well-being of midwives in Jiangsu Province

DING Zhiyun, JIANG Haiyan, TANG Tianhua, YUAN Hongxia

2024, 40(7):  929-933. 

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Objective To analyze the relationship between occupational coping self-efficacy,job-esteem and work well-being among midwives in Jiangsu Province,and to explore the mechanism of the role of job-esteem in the relationship between occupational coping self-efficacy and work well-being among midwives. Methods From October 2022 to January 2023,a total of 267 midwives were selected from Jiangsu Province to conduct a questionnaire survey using general information questionnaire,occupational coping self-efficacy scale,job-esteem scale and hospital work well-being scale,and the data were analyzed. Results Among 267 midwives,the score of occupational coping self-efficacy,job-esteem and work well-being was （39.76±2.36）,（99.70±7.91） and （88.12±3.47）points,respectively. The correlation analysis showed that occupational coping self-efficacy,job-esteem and work well-being were positively correlated（all P<0.01）. Structural equation model showed that occupational coping self-efficacy and job-esteem of nurse midwife had a direct effect on work well-being（β=0.426,0.164,both P<0.01）,and job-esteem partially mediated the relationship between occupational coping self-efficacy and work well-being in midwife,with a mediating effect value of 0.110,accounting for 20.52% of the total effect. Conclusion Occupational coping self-efficacy can directly affects the work well-being of midwives in Jiangsu Province,and can also indirectly affects work well-being through job-esteem.

Investigation on current status and influencing factors of death coping ability of ICU nurses in 8 Grade A hospitals in Shenzhen City

WANG Qin, WANG Mingzhu, HU Sihong, LUO Yan, TAO Yanling

2024, 40(7):  934-938. 

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Objective To investigate the status quo of death coping ability among nurses in intensive care units（ICU） of Grade A hospitals in Shenzhen City,and explore the main influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for improving the death coping ability of ICU nurses. Methods From April to May 2023,405 ICU nurses from 8 Grade A general hospitals in Shenzhen City were selected as the research objects by convenient sampling method. General data questionnaire and death coping ability scale were used to conduct the investigation. Single factor analysis method and multiple progressive linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of ICU nurses' death coping ability. Results The total score of nurses' ability to cope with death was （121.98±28.79）points,and 28.4% of nurses had insufficient ability to cope with death. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of ICU nurses' death coping ability among different ages,working years,only children,night shift frequency（times/month）,caring for terminally ill patients（times/year）,attending funerals and attending death education（all P<0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the only child,funeral experience and death education training were the main influencing factors of ICU nurses' death coping ability（all P<0.05）,which could explain 12% of the total variation. Conclusions The ability of ICU nurses to cope with death was at the lower level,and was affected by only child,funeral experience and death education and training. Nursing managers should formulate and implement death education intervention programs,provide personalized and targeted training for ICU nurses,help nurses establish a scientific concept of death,and improve the ability of ICU nurses to cope with death.

Mmediating effect of psychological contract on the relationship between personality characteristics and retention intention of clinical nurses

LIU Yiting, QUAN Haishan, GUO Yue, REN Qianjiao, YAO Renyuan

2024, 40(7):  939-943. 

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Objective To evaluate the mediating effect of psychological contract in the relationship between personality characteristic and retention intention of clinical nurses in secondary and tertiary hospitals in Jilin Province,and analyze the mediating effect of psychological contract in it. Methods From September to October 2022,261 clinical nurses from second and third level hospitals in Jilin Province were randomly selected. The general situation questionnaire,the Chinese fig five personality questionnaire short form,the psychological contract violation scale,and the nursing student intention to stay questionnaire were used to conduct a convenience sample survey,and the data was analyzed. Results The total score of 261 clinical nurses from second and third level Grade A hospitals in Jilin Province on the willingness to remain in their positions was （20.51±4.40）points. Age,nursing experience,personnel relationships,and technical titles were all influencing factors of clinical nurse retention intention（all P<0.05）. The personality characteristic of clinical nurses,including rigor,agreeableness,openness,extroversion and retention intention were positively correlated（r=0.490, 0.423,0.496,0.490,all P<0.01）,while neuroticism was negatively correlated（r=-0.530,P<0.01）. Psychological contract was positively correlated with retention intention（r=0.625,P<0.01）. The psychological contract partially mediated the relationship between neuroticism,rigor,agreeableness,openness,extraversion and retention intention,accounting for 34.00%,46.43%,42.75%,41.40%,and 42.12% of the total effect,respectively. Conclusion The personality characteristic,psychological contracts,and retention intentions of 261 clinical nurses from secondary and tertiary hospitals in Jilin Province are significantly correlated,and psychological contracts play a partial mediating role in the relationship between personality characteristic and retention intentions. Nursing managers can take reasonable measures based on personality traits and other characteristics,while paying attention to consolidating the psychological contract of nurses,thereby increasing the willingness of clinical nurses to stay.

Analysis on first aid literacy level and influencing factors of Armed Police Force soldiers

LI Xiaofang, LIU Hualei, CHEN Fusheng

2024, 40(7):  944-948. 

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Objective To understand the level of first-aid health literacy and the influencing factors of Armed Police Force soldiers,and to provide scientific basis for the first-aid health education policy. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 7 373 soldiers from 8 major units of the Armed Police Force from July 2021 to August 2021 by stratified sampling method,SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results Total score of first-aid literacy of Armed Police Force Soldiers was（51.99±8.46）points,the level of first-aid literacy of Armed Police Force Soldiers was 25.2%. There were statistically significant differences in the total score of first aid literacy of armed police soldiers in different gender,military category,education level,post,military age group,military rank,and the origin of the army group（all P<0.05）. The results of logistics regression analysis showed that mobile troops,women,combat posts,intermediate or above police officers,armed police soldiers enlisted from cities or counties had higher first-aid literacy. Conclusion The first aid literacy level of armed police soldiers is generally low,education and training related to military first aid literacy should be strengthened.

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of air pollutants in Xinjiang from 2016 to 2022

CAO Ke, DOU Lan, LI Meng, WANG Yongzhi, FAN Yuxi, ZHANG Shixian

2024, 40(7):  949-954. 

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Objective To analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of inhalable particle（PM₁₀）,fine particle（PM_2.5）,NO₂,SO₂,CO and O₃ in Xinjiang from 2016 to 2022,and to provide reference for air pollution prevention and environmental protection strategy formulation in Xinjiang. Methods The national air quality monitoring sites data in Xinjiang from 2016 to 2022 were collected,and the annual,monthly and regional distribution characteristics of the various pollutants were analyzed. Results Ambient air quality in Xinjiang has been improving over the past seven years. The average annual concentrations of PM₁₀,PM_2.5,SO₂,NO₂ and CO have shown a downward trend,with declines of 20.04%,24.57%,50.15%,22.56% and 33.68%,respectively. The average annual concentration of O₃ was not significantly changed. The monthly average concentrations of PM₁₀,PM_2.5,SO₂,NO₂ and CO were in the form of "U",with higher concentrations in spring and winter than in summer. And the monthly average concentration of O₃ showed an inverted "U" distribution,with higher concentrations in summer than in winter. Days with PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 reaching the standard showed an increased trend,whereas day with O₃ reaching the standard showed a declined trend. The concentration distribution of various pollutants in Xinjiang showed significant north-south differences. The average annual concentrations of PM₁₀,PM_2.5,SO₂,CO and O₃ in southern Xinjiang were higher than those in eastern and northern Xinjiang,showing a pattern of decreasing from south to north. The average annual concentration of NO₂ was the highest in Urumqi,northern Xinjiang. Conclusion Air quality of Xinjiang has improved year by year in 2016-2022,but the phenomenon of PM₁₀,PM_2.5 and O₃ exceeding the standard still exists. In the future,Xinjiang should focus on the synchronous control of particulate matter and O₃,as well as regional coordinated governance.

Mediating role of social support in coping styles and negative emotional symptoms among nursing students

LIAO Chunxia, ZHANG Zhixia, TAN Yuting, LIU Cui, SHI Xiaopu

2024, 40(7):  955-959. 

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Objective To explore the mediating role of social support between coping styles and negative emotional symptoms among nursing students. Methods A total of 821 nursing students in two comprehensive universities in Wuhan were selected as the research objects by the stratified convenience method. Depression anxiety and stress scale-21 item scale（DASS-21）,social support rating scale（SSRS） and simplified coping style questionnaire（SCSQ） were used for the survey,and SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used for data analysis. Results The total score M（P₂₅,P₇₅） of DASS-21 for nursing students was 8.50（4.5,14.0）points,and the total scores for positive and negative coping styles were （22.5±8.39） and （9.55±5.75）points,respectively. The level of social support was （43.14±7.87）points. 120 nursing students experienced symptoms of depression,accounting for 14.7% of the total number. The social support score of non-only child was higher than that of only child,and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Social support was negatively correlated with negative emotional symptoms（r=-0.241--0.156,all P<0.01）,positive coping style was negatively correlated with negative emotional symptoms（r=-0.178--0.123,all P<0.01）. Negative coping style was positively correlated with depression dimension（r=-0.076-0.80,all P<0.05）. Social support partially mediated the relationship between coping style and negative emotional symptoms,accounting for 44.97% of the total effect. Conclusions Nursing students who are not only children have a higher level of social support compared to only children,and boys are more likely to adopt negative coping strategies than girls. Coping style can directly or indirectly affect negative emotional symptoms of nursing college students through social support.

Investigation on prevalence and risk factors of falls among the elderly in communities of Tianjin City

WANG Xiaohe, WANG Zhuo, ZHOU Qingxin, ZHENG Wenlong

2024, 40(7):  960-963. 

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Objective To investigate the prevalence of falls among the elderly aged 60 years and above in the community of Tianjin City and to explore the possible risk factors affecting the occurrence of falls among the elderly,and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of falls among the elderly and the formulation of related policies. Methods A stratified random sample was used to select the target population from six districts in Tianjin City with a male to female ratio of 1 ∶ 1,a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from the sample population during September to December 2021,and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 610 valid questionnaires were collected. The number of people who had a fall within a year in the survey population was 95,with a fall incidence of 15.6%,and a higher incidence of falls in male（16.7%） than in female（14.4%）. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that low frequency of child visits（OR=1.94,95%CI：1.11-3.38）,poor self-rated health status（OR=5.70, 95%CI：1.94-16.74） and having hypertension（OR=1.77,95%CI：1.04-3.01） were all associated with a higher risk of falls,while elderly in the 70-<75 age group（OR=0.29,95%CI：0.15-0.56） had a significantly lower risk of falls than other age groups. Conclusion The incidence of falls among the elderly in Tianjin City is relatively high. Specific age groups,having high blood pressure,less frequent visits from children and poor self-assessment of health are high risk factors for the occurrence of falls.

Meta-analysis on the prevalence of burnout among operating room nurses in China

LIN Shuqiu, ZHANG Linlin, ZHANG Yue, ZHOU Xiaohan, ZHOU Yanling

2024, 40(7):  964-968. 

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Objective To estimate the prevalence of burnout among operating room nurses in China,aiming to provide reference for burnout intervention. Methods Web of Science,PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,CHINAL,CNKI,VIP,WanFang and CBM databases were searched to collect literatures related to burnout among operating room nurses in China. Data analysis was performed with the use of Stata 14.0. Results The search yielded 20 studies involving 4 061 Chinese operating room nurses. Meta-analysis results showed that prevalence of high emotional exhaustion,highly depersonalized and low personal accomplishment was 33.6%（95%CI：0.261-0.412）,24.8%（95%CI：0.185-0.311）,47.3%（95%CI：0.375-0.571）. Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of high burnout was higher in nurses aged 30 or younger,bachelor degree or above,studies in eastern China and 2018-2022. Conclusion The prevalence of burnout among operating room nurses in China is relatively high,and it is necessary to take effective prevention and control measures to relieve burnout.

Visualization analysis on research of emergency management under public health emergencies in China

Nazhakaiti Nabijiang, YAO Xuan, Kaisaier Abudukeremu

2024, 40(7):  969-972. 

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Objective To analyze the current situation and hotspots of research on emergency management of public health emergencies in China,provide reference for future research directions of public health emergencies. Methods Using the CNKI database as the data source,the relevant journal literature on emergency management of public health emergencies from 2011 to 2021 were searched,and the current situation and hot spots of emergency management research were analyzed using CiteSpace,SATI,and NetDraw software. Results A total of 1 027 valid articles were retrieved,and the number of published articles reached a maximum of 436 in 2020. The research hotspots were mainly presented through keywords such as public health emergencies,emergency management,and epidemic prevention and control. Through the cluster analysis,it could be seen that the research fields of public health emergencies were mainly distributed in the fields of emergency management,epidemic prevention and control,public health events,emergency response,health emergency,and emergency response capabilities. Conclusions The breadth and depth of research on emergency management of public health emergencies in China need to be further expanded. The relevant domestic research can refer to the hot spots and frontiers of foreign public health emergency management research,so as to strengthen the construction of emergency capacity for public health emergencies,and further improve the emergency management system for public health emergencies in China.

Systematic analysis of the measurement tools for nurses' career resilience

XIAN Yajing, LI Yunfan, PENG Wenwen, YAN Ping, LIN Sulan, LI Xianhong

2024, 40(7):  973-978. 

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Objective To systematically analysis the domestic and international studies on evaluating the measurement tools of the nurses' career resilience,and provide evidences for developing a cultural adaptive scale on nurses' career resilience. Methods According to the methodological framework of systematic review,the Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,China Biomedical Literature Database,CNKI,Wanfang Database,and VIP Database were systematically searched from the establishment of the database till the publication date of April 7,2022,and selected relevant literature that met the inclusion criteria to evaluate the professional resilience of nurses. The study quality was evaluated using the relevant quality evaluation tool of the evidence-based health care center of Joanna Briggs Institute（JBI） in Australia,and trace the original research on the evaluation tools used in the literature,summarize and evaluate the characteristics of the evaluation tools. Results A total of 17 studies（12 in China and 5 in other countries） were included,of which 3 were measurement tool development studies on nurses' career resilience. The included studies involved 10 kinds of measurement tools,but only one of which was developed specifically for the nurses（one in China）,two（in other countries） of which were developed for medical personnel（including nurses）,and the others were universal career resilience scales. There were 11-32 items and 3-7 dimensions in the scale with much diversity. Conclusions There is a lack of professional resilience assessment tools targeting the specific characteristics of the nursing population. In the future,it is possible to develop nurse professional resilience assessment tools that are suitable for China's cultural characteristics,taking into account China's national conditions and medical background.

Investigation and Research

Follow-up and epidemiological analysis of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Qingpu District of Shanghai City from 1965 to 2022

LING Yuchen, PAN Yinjun, LIU Xiaoxiao, LU Chenru, ZHAO Hongcheng

2024, 40(7):  979-982. 

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Objective To understand the living conditions and social security of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Qingpu District of Shanghai City,and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis,so as to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Methods The data of 200 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis patients diagnosed and reported by occupational disease diagnosis institutions in Qingpu District of Shanghai City from 1965 to 2022 were collected,and the data were analyzed. Results From 1965 to 2022,the totals of occupational pneumoconiosis patients had been reported in Qingpu District were 200 cases,with a male to female ratio of 1 ∶ 1.04. The first diagnosis of stage Ⅰ,stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis in 200 patients with occupational pneumoconiosis accounted for 65.50%,24.00% and 10.50%,respectively,and the first diagnosis age of patients with three stages of pneumoconiosis was found to be concentrated in the age range of 40-<50 years. The median length of service for pneumoconiosis patients was 9 years,and the average age of incidence was （49.42±11.39）years. There were statistically significant differences in the length of service and average age of onset among different types of pneumoconiosis（both P<0.01）. The Cox regression model results showed that the factors affecting survival time of pneumoconiosis patients were patient gender（RR=0.463,P<0.05） and onset age（RR=1.073,P<0.01）. According to the social security status of 97 existing patients,71 of them were covered by work-related injury insurance,17 cases of enjoying compensation from employers,95 people enjoyed basic medical insurance in urban and rural areas,83 cases enjoying medical insurance for serious diseases,and there was another person receives a monthly allowance of 240 yuan. Conclusions The overall incidence of pneumoconiosis in Qingpu District has shown a downward trend over the years. In the future,Qingpu District will continue to strengthen the monitoring and guidance of dust enterprises within its jurisdiction,in accordance with the requirements of the national special campaign for the control of pneumoconiosis,and establish a basic database of dust hazards. In order to gradually reduce the risk of occupational pneumoconiosis in the jurisdiction,we will strengthen training the enterprise to implement the work of occupational disease prevention and control,effectively protect the health rights and interests of the working population.

Overview

Research progress on neurofunctional changes induced by exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors

YANG Lilin, YU Jie, XU Jie

2024, 40(7):  983-987. 

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The nervous system is the system that plays a dominant role in regulating physiological activities in the body. When the nervous system is damaged,the physiological functions responsible for the damaged parts will also be affected. Research has shown that environmental endocrine disruptors can affect the normal structure and function of neurons,leading to changes in neural function. This article reviews the mechanism of nerve damage caused by several representative environmental endocrine disruptors[bisphenol A,nonylphenol,di（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate,malathion],their relationship with changes in neural function,and the complex effects of various mixtures of environmental endocrine disruptors on the nervous system,providing reference for maintaining stable neural function.

Research progress of rapid detection techniques of mycotoxin-producing fungi in food

GAO Jiacong, WANG Yun, YUE Mingxiang

2024, 40(7):  988-991. 

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The most common mycotoxin-producing fungi in food are Aspergillus,Penicillium,Fusarium,Trichoderma,Cephalosporium and Trichothecium,etc. The mycotoxins produced by these mycotoxin-producing fungi pose serious harms to human and animal health,and also cause huge economic losses to agriculture. Direct detection of mycotoxin-producing fungi,rather than mycotoxins,can be more prospective to reduce the harm of mycotoxin-producing fungi to humans and animals. This article reviews the current rapid detection methods directly targeting toxigenic mold,including immunological methods,nucleic acid detection methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection methods,in order to provide reference for the development of more rapid and accurate detection methods for mycotoxin-producing fungi.

Research methods and perspectives on health inequalities

LIU Yijun, YUAN Lei, SUN Jinhai

2024, 40(7):  992-999. 

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In recent years,China's economy has developed rapidly and the living standards of residents have significantly improved. At the same time,the social gap between rich and poor,urban-rural disparities and other phenomena have exacerbated the health inequality of Chinese residents,and the promotion of health equity has become a hot issue in the field of health research in China,which is of great significance for the construction of a health China. According to the domestic and foreign literature,we systematically reviewed the methods related to health inequality measurement and decomposition,which mainly include health inequalities at the socioeconomic level,health care and health service utilization levels. We also sort out the commonly used indicators and research methods,and summarize and analyze the studies in terms of data indicator selection,research subjects,methods and perspectives,aims at providing a basis for further exploration of health inequality-related issues in China.

Research progress on the fear of negative evaluation among college students

MA Shuang, ZHANG Yufang, QIN Rongzhen, WANG Niuniu, MENG Wenqi, ZHANG Junfu

2024, 40(7):  1000-1004. 

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Fear of negative evaluation is widely present among college students and is one of the important sources of social anxiety. If college students are in a state of high negative evaluation fear for a long time,it can easily lead to psychological and behavioral problems such as depression,suicidal ideation,dietary disorders,and alcoholism,which have serious and far-reaching effects on their physical and mental health. This paper collates and analyzes the progress of measurement methods,related influencing factors and intervention countermeasures of college students' fear of negative evaluation,aiming to help college students face up to negative evaluation,while drawing the attention of parents and educators to fear of negative evaluation among college students,and providing a theoretical basis for exploring a multi-level intervention models for individuals,families and society.

Research progress on status and influencing factors of loneliness in the elderly migrants

YANG Shuhui, DUAN Meiwen, YANG Jie, CHEN Le, BI Qingquan

2024, 40(7):  1005-1008. 

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With the acceleration of population aging process,the mental health problems faced by the elderly have attracted increasing attention from the society. Among them,the loneliness of the elderly migrants is a significant psychological problem with the population mobility,which is an important psychological factor affecting the quality of life of the elderly migrants. This paper mainly focuses on the situation of loneliness among the elderly migrants,and summarizes the existing researches from the aspects of the concept of loneliness,the research status at home and abroad and the influencing factors,so as to provide reference for the development of this field in the future.