OCCUPATION AND HEALTH

Evaluation of occupational disease hazard control effect for a 250 000 ton tower project of a wind energy equipment Co.,Ltd. in Yangzhou

ZHU Jun, ZHANG Feng, DOU Jianrui

2024, 40(21): 2881-2886.

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Objective To understand the main occupational disease hazards and protective effects of the production process,equipment and facilities,as well as their corresponding supporting facilities,and in the production process,labor process,and production environment involved in the 25×10⁴ ton tower project of a wind energy equipment Co.,Ltd. in Yangzhou. Method In October 2023,during the trial operation phase of the project,occupational health investigation method,occupational health testing method,engineering analysis method,and checklist analysis method were used to evaluate the effectiveness of occupational disease hazard control based on occupational health management situation and testing results. Result The main occupational hazards of the project were dust（welding fumes,grinding wheel dust,silicon dust,other dust）,toxic substances（manganese and its compounds,nitrogen oxides,ozone,fluoride,carbon monoxide,toluene,xylene,ethylbenzene,n-butanol,zinc oxide）,and physical factors（noise,ultraviolet radiation,power frequency electric field）. Totally 88 workers were exposed to occupational hazards,and the remaining 45 were auxiliary workers such as interior installation,quality inspection,and warehouse management,all of whom were male. The qualified rate of dust and toxic substance detection in this project was 100%. The UV radiation and power frequency electric field damage intensity both met the standard limit requirements. Except for the three positions of polishing,sandblasting,and zinc spraying where the noise level severely exceeded the standard[95.4,89.7,and 85.5 dB（A）],all other workplaces did not exceed the standard. The side exhaust control wind speed of sandblasting,zinc spraying,and painting positions in the surface treatment workshop of the production unit cannot meet the specification requirements. The occupational disease prevention facilities,emergency rescue facilities,personal protective equipment configuration,and occupational health monitoring of the enterprise basically met the relevant regulatory requirements. Conclusion The tower project of a wind energy equipment Co.,Ltd. in Yangzhou belongs to a serious occupational disease risk project,and special attention should be paid to the polishing,sandblasting,and zinc spraying positions. It is recommended to further improve occupational disease protection facilities and emergency rescue facilities,and strengthen individual protection.

Mediating effect of occupational well-being between job burnout and management care perception of junior nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals

LIAO Kunfeng, YAO Yisong, YANG Jinpan, NIU Rui, YANG Xining, ZHANG Ziyi

2024, 40(21): 2887-2892.

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Objective To explore the mediating effect of occupational well-being of junior nurses between management care perception and job burnout. Methods A total of 485 junior nurses from three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Nanning City from February to April 2023 were selected as the research objects by cluster sampling method. The general information questionnaire,the occupational well-being scale of medical staff,the Maslach burnout inventory-service industry edition,and the Chinese version of the management caring assessment scale were used for investigation,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of management care perception of junior nurses was （126.33±25.74）points,which was at a medium level. The score of occupational well-being of junior nurses was （64.22±16.64）points,which was below the middle level. The detection rate of job burnout among junior nurses was 77.9%. The perceived management care of junior nurses had a negative impact on their job burnout（r=-0.533,P<0.01）,and the perceived management care could affect job burnout through the mediating role of occupational well-being of junior nurses,accounting for 72.2% of the mediating effect. Conclusion The incidence of job burnout of junior nurses is high,and the level of occupational well-being is low. Occupational well-being is an intermediary variable between junior nurses' perception of management care and job burnout. It is recommended that nursing managers take targeted measures to improve the perception of management care level of junior nurses,enhance their occupational well-being,and thereby reduce their level of job burnout.

Study on occupational health risk factors in ferrous metal smelting enterprises based on DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC

WANG Luyang, ZHAO Xupeng, ZHANG Xiaojun, BI Mingli, WANG Xiaoshun, DING Xiaowen

2024, 40(21): 2893-2899.

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Objective To analyze the logical relationship,hierarchical structure and attribute characteristics of occupational health risk factors in ferrous metal smelting enterprises,and to provide basis for further control and reduction of occupational health risk. Methods Three level coding extraction was performed on the occupational health risk factors involved in the detection and evaluation report of occupational health hazard factors,the occupational health supervision and inspection record and the occupational disease hazard accident investigation report in a large iron and steel production enterprise in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2022. Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory（DEMATEL） was used to quantitatively analyze the correlation characteristics among various risk factors. Interpretative structural modeling method（ISM） was applied to analyze the hierarchical characteristics of risk factors and establish a multi-layer structural model. Attribute characteristics of risk factors were analyzed using matrices impacts croises-multiplication appliance classement（MICMAC）. Results Totally 21 occupational health risk factors in ferrous metal smelting enterprises were identified,9 risk factors were cause factors,with cause degree <0,and the rest were result factors. Occupational health risk factors were divided into 6 levels from top to bottom. Among them,the defects of occupational health management institutions,imperfect laws and regulations,inadequate administrative supervision,and insufficient occupational health training were the root factors affecting the occupational health risk of ferrous metal smelting enterprises,and they were also the strongest driving factors. The direct factors of occupational hazard accidents in ferrous metal smelting enterprises were low occupational health literacy,excessive concentration（strength） of harmful substances,accidental leakage of harmful substances,and failure to transfer occupational contraindications. Conclusion The occupational hazard accidents in ferrous metal smelting enterprises are the result of a complex system composed of 6 layers and 21 risk factors. Priority should be given to controlling the direct factors that may lead to occupational hazard accidents,while ensuring the positive transmission of indirect factors and blocking the negative transmission. Great attention should be paid to the key root factors with high centrality and driving force.

Genetic characteristics analysis of the whole genome of influenza B virus in Liuzhou City from 2022 to 2023

YU Junchi, CHEN Liujun, LIU Yi, CHEN Yixiao, CHEN Ranqiong, JU Yu

2024, 40(21): 2900-2908.

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Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of the whole genome of the influenza B virus in Liuzhou City from 2022 to 2023,understand the variation of influenza B virus in Liuzhou City and its compatibility with the vaccine strains recommended by WHO. Methods Bioinformatics software such as DNAStar and MEGA were used to compare the complete gene sequences of 31 isolated influenza B virus,construct a gene evolutionary tree,and analyze homology and amino acid site variations. Results The influenza B virus isolated in Liuzhou City in 2022 belong to the C.1 sub-branch. Only the neuraminidase（NA）,matrix protein（MP） and polymerase A（PA） gene fragments share the same evolutionary branch as the northern hemisphere vaccine recommended strain B/Washington/02/2019 from 2020 to 2022. The influenza B virus in 2023 belonged to the C.5.6 or C.5.7 sub-branch,and all eight gene fragments were in the same evolutionary branch as the B/Austria/1359417/2021 recommended for the 2022 to 2024 vaccine. Relative to the vaccine recommended strain B/Austria/1359417/2021,the amino acid variation in the hemagglutinin（HA）gene of the influenza B virus isolated in Liuzhou City from 2022 to 2023 had epidemiological significance in the antigenic determinants and receptor binding sites. Respectively the Ha and Na proteins of 31 influenza B virus isolated from Liuzhou City did not show glycosylation insertion or deletion,and there were no mutations in the catalytic activity site and resistance site of Na protease. Some influenza viruses had amino acid mutations at key sites of the non-structural protein（NS） and nucleoprotein（NP）,and the PA,polymerase B1（PB1） and polymerase B2（PB2）,which composed RNA polymerase,had two main common variation patterns. Conclusion The influenza B virus isolates from Liuzhou City in 2022 was poorly matched to the northern hemisphere vaccine recommended strain B/Austria/1359417/2021,and the influenza B virus isolates from Liuzhou City in 2023 was well matched to the 2023 Northern Hemisphere vaccine recommended strain B/Austria/1359417/2021. The variation of amino acids in the antigenic determinants and receptor binding of HA protein of influenza B virus may be one of the main causes of influenza B virus epidemic in Liuzhou City. Influenza viruses are sensitive to the use of neuraminidase inhibitor anti-influenza drugs.

Analysis of molecular classification and drug susceptibility results of food-borne Salmonella in Cangzhou City from 2020 to 2023

LU Wei, DAI Qibin, HU Qianqian, GUAN Shupei, WANG Chundong

2024, 40(21): 2909-2912.

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Objective To understand the contamination status of food-borne Salmonella in Cangzhou City,explore its molecular classification and drug susceptibility,and provide scientific basis for the prevention of food-borne Salmonella diseases. Methods From 2020 to 2023,88 strains of Salmonella were typed by molecular typing,including serum typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis（PFGE） typing,and drug resistance of strains was monitored by drug susceptibility analysis system. Results The serotypes and PFGE bands of 88 Salmonella strains showed diversity,with a total of 22 serotypes detected. Among them,Salmonella enterica and Salmonella typhimurium accounted for 30.68% and 23.86%,respectively,and were the dominant serotypes in the local area. 81 bands were obtained by PFGE typing,the similarity of cluster analysis was 53.2%-100.0%,and the dominant bands included 10 strains. There was a statistically significant difference in the resistance of 88 strains of Salmonella to different antibiotics（P<0.05）. Most of the strains had poor drug sensitivity and severe drug resistance. The proportion of multi-drug resistant strains was as high as 52.27%,the resistance rates of ampicillin,ampicillin and tetracycline were all more than 50%. Conclusion Salmonella serotypes are widely distributed in Cangzhou City,with predominant serotypes being Salmonella enterica and Salmonella typhimurium. PFGE bands are diverse,and the PFGE types of most strains of the same serotype can cluster together. Most strains are multidrug-resistant,and the problem of drug resistance is quite serious.

Determination of diazepam and oxazepam in freshwater fishes by QuEChERS-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

LIU Hong, ZENG Yuanwei, XU Huiya, WANG Yongxin

2024, 40(21): 2913-2918.

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Objective The phenomenon of drug residues in aquatic products is becoming increasingly serious. Diazepam and oxazepam are commonly used sedative drugs in freshwater fish,and long-term consumption will cause great harm to the human body.This study established and optimized a QuEChERS-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（QuEChERS-UPLC-MS） method for the determination of diazepam and oxazepam drug residues in freshwater fish. Methods The sample was extracted with acetonitrile,subjected to ultrasonic extraction,purified by QuEChERS method（100 mg PSA,50 mg C₁₈, 150 mg MgSO₄）,and finally eluted with methanol-0.1% formic acid water,separated by chromatography column ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈（50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm）,scanned by positive ions,detected by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry multi reaction monitoring（MRM）,and quantified by internal standard method. Results The linear relationship between diazepam and oxazepam was good within the range of 0.05-50.00 μg/L（r>0.999）. The limits of detection（LOD） and quantification（LOQ） of diazepam and oxazepam were 0.5 and 1.0 μg/kg,respectively. The mean recoveries of diazepam and oxazepam ranged from 81.1% to 98.3% at the spiked levels of 1,2,and 20 times detection limits（n=6）,with the relative standard deviations（RSD） less than 10%. Conclusion The pre-treatment process of this method is convenient,and fast,simple in steps,with good reproducibility. Using 0.1% formic acid water as the mobile phase significantly improves the response value of the tested substance.This method is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of diazepam and oxazepam in freshwater fishes.

Survey on chemical pollutants and harmful factors in food in Cangzhou City in 2023

LI Junjiang, SHAO Hanbing, YANG Ying, XU Na, ZHANG Rui

2024, 40(21): 2919-2924.

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Objective To comprehensively understand the pollution status of chemical pollutants and their harmful factors in food sold in Cangzhou City,determine the distribution characteristics of pollutants,and provide data support for food safety prevention and control work. Methods According to the "2023 National Food Pollutants and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring Work Manual",samples were collected from different procurement links such as agricultural markets and supermarkets in 16 counties and districts of Cangzhou City in 2023,and carry out the detection of chemical pollutants and harmful factors,and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 109 positive samples were detected in 245 samples,the total detection rate was 44.1%. Two samples exceeded the standard,with an exceeding rate of 0.8%. There were 5 618 monitoring indicators,and 1 491 were detected,the detection rate was 26.5%. Two items exceeded the standard,the exceeding rate was 0.04%. The highest positive detection rate of aquatic products was 78.6%（22/28）. The highest detection rate of pesticides was 83.5%（71/85）. The highest positive rate was 52.7% in the farmer's market（39/72）. The samples exceeding the standard were peanut[aflatoxin detoxification（AFB1）] and ginger（chlorpyrifos）. The detection rates of samples in different procurement stages and monitoring items were compared,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The positive detection rates of different types of pollutants and their harmful factors in the samples,as well as the detection rates of monitoring items were compared,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion In 2023,the food sold in Cangzhou City have different degrees of pollution,mainly distributed in aquatic products,mainly in agricultural markets,with the highest detection of pesticides,but overall it is within a controllable range,and supervision should continue to be strengthened.

Survey on job satisfaction and influencing factors of primary public health personnel in Hubei Province

CHANG Jingru, XU Shuqian, WANG Hao, WU Qifeng, LU Hui

2024, 40(21): 2925-2928.

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Objective To investigate the current situation of job satisfaction of primary public health personnel and analyze the influencing factors,aiming to provide a reference for the development of primary public health human resources. Methods From July to August 2022,726 public health service personnel from county/district disease prevention and control centers and primary health care institutions in three prefectural-level cities in Hubei Province were selected by quota sampling method as research objects,and investigated by the self-designed questionnaire on job satisfaction of primary public health personnel,and the data were analyzed. Results The overall job satisfaction score of primary public health personnel was （3.73±0.88）points,with a satisfaction rate of 59.1%. The three lowest-ranked items were income/security[（3.24±1.00）points],job advancement[（3.37±0.99）points] and personal development[（3.53±0.91）points]. Specialty of study,title,income,work unit and nature of personnel were the factors influencing the overall job satisfaction of primary public health personnel（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The overall job satisfaction of primary public health personnel is average,and it can be improved by raising income levels,establishing effective incentive mechanisms and optimizing career development.

Status quo and influencing factors of leisure crafting for nurses in emergency department in Shandong Province

LIU Xiaoqing, ZHOU Jiyun, MA Junjie, SUN Peiyan, WANG Shuo

2024, 40(21): 2929-2933.

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Objective To investigate the current situation of leisure crafting level among emergency department nurses in Shandong Province and analyze its influencing factors,providing new ideas for the training of emergency department nurses and reference and basis for nursing managers to formulate relevant intervention measures. Methods From May to June 2023,a convenience sampling method was adopted to select emergency department nurses from 10 hospitals in Shandong Province as the survey subjects. General information questionnaire,leisure crafting scale,the career calling scale and nurses working environment scale were used for questionnaire survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The leisure crafting score of nurses in emergency department was （32.42±8.08）points,the career calling score was （43.94±10.37）points,and the working environment score was （95.08±15.57）points. The total score of leisure crafting was positively correlated with the total score of career calling and nursing working environment and scores of all dimensions（r=0.513-0.956,all P<0.01）. Hospital grade,years of emergency nursing work, whether they were acute and critical care nurses,their attitude towards emergency nursing work,career calling and nursing work environment were the main influencing factors of nurses' leisure crafting level in emergency department,which could explain 53.0% of the total variation of regression equation. Conclusion The level of leisure crafting of nurses in emergency department in Shandong Province is at a moderate level. The higher the hospital grade,the shorter the working life of emergency nursing,as emergency and critical care specialist nurses,the more the nurses were interested in emergency nursing,and the higher the leisure crafting level was. Meanwhile,career calling and the working environment of nurses were also influencing factors for leisure crafting for emergency department nurses. Nursing managers should take targeted intervention measures,and try to stimulate nurses' occupational potential from the perspective of positive psychology,such as improving their occupational calling sense,creating a good department cultural atmosphere,and building a supportive professional environment to improve their leisure crafting level,so as to promote nurses' career development.

Establishment and reliability and validity testing of a knowledge,attitude and practice scale for nurses with occupational varicose veins of the lower extremities

LIU Jun, ZHOU Jianwei, ZHANG Yuxin, ZHENG Mingxiang

2024, 40(21): 2934-2939.

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Objective To develop an evaluation scale to measure the level of knowledge,attitude and practice of nurses with occupational lower extremities varicose veins,and to conduct reliability and validity tests. Methods Based on the theory of knowledge,attitude and practice,the initial questionnaire was constructed through literature analysis,Delphi expert correspondence and pre-investigation. In December 2022,a total of 460 nurses from 3 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Hunan Province were selected as research objects to conduct a questionnaire survey,and the data were analyzed by item analysis,exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Results The final scale of knowledge,attitude and practice of occupational lower extremities varicose veins in nurses was divided into three dimensions：knowledge,attitude and practice,with a total of 38 items. The Cronbach's α coefficients of total scale and each dimension were 0.927,0.935,0.943,0.894,respectively. The split-half reliability coefficients were 0.735,0.809,0.872 and 0.799,respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.717,0.792,0.807 and 0.799,respectively. The content validity ranged from 0.857 to 1.000. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis,three common factors were extracted,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 53.7%. Conclusion The nurses' occupational lower extremities varicose vein knowledge,attitude,and practice scale has good reliability and validity,and can be used as an effective tool to evaluate the current status of nurses' occupational varicose veins of the lower extremities.

Analysis on job satisfaction and resignation intention of pediatric doctors in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou City

LIU Xiaoyan, WU Min, OUYANG Ming, SU Hui, ZHANG Jingrong

2024, 40(21): 2940-2944.

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Objective To understand the current situation of job satisfaction and resignation intention among pediatric doctors in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou City,and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods In March 2023,150 on-the-job pediatricians from grade-A tertiary hospitals（including 8 general hospitals and 2 specialized hospitals） in Guangzhou City were selected by convenient sampling method to conduct a survey on their satisfaction and resignation intention,and the data were analyzed. Results The average score of satisfaction among 150 pediatricians was （3.50±0.83）points,with salary and benefits being the least satisfactory dimension,and interpersonal relationship satisfaction score being the highest. The average score of resignation intention was （2.39±0.70）points,with the highest score in the "possibility of obtaining external employment" item. There were statistically significant differences in job satisfaction and turnover intention scores among pediatric doctors with different commuting hours,administrative positions,weekly rest days,psychological guidance services,doctor-patient relationships,and occupational identity（all P<0.05）. There was a statistically significant difference in job satisfaction scores between pediatric doctors in general hospitals and maternal and child specialized hospitals（P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in turnover intention scores among pediatric doctors with different years of service and average monthly income after tax（both P<0.05）. There was a negative correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention（r=-0.623,P<0.05）. The type of hospital,presence or absence of administrative positions,doctor-patient relationships,and professional identity were the influencing factors of job satisfaction,while after tax income,doctor-patient relationships,and professional identity were the influencing factors of turnover intention（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The job satisfaction of pediatricians in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou City is average,and their turnover intention is at a moderate level. In order to improve the satisfaction and retention rate of pediatric doctors,it is necessary to increase salary and benefits,promote career development,reduce work pressure,provide psychological counseling,improve doctor-patient relationships,and strengthen professional identity,

Investigation on knowledge awareness rate and related behaviors of prevention and treatment of hepatitis C in Liangzhou District of Wuwei City in 2023

ZHNG Run, NIE Qing, WANG Lijuan, HOU Lijuan

2024, 40(21): 2945-2950.

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Objective To understand the relationship between awareness rate,access to knowledge and the level of awareness rate of hepatitis C prevention and control among different populations in Liangzhou District of Wuwei City and the occurrence of high-risk behavior of hepatitis C,so as to provide reference for the follow-up prevention and control of hepatitis C,comprehensive intervention and health promotion. Methods From April to June 2023,a combination of random cluster sampling and convenience sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the knowledge awareness rate and related behaviors of hepatitis C prevention and control among four populations in Liangzhou District：urban residents,rural residents,university students,and entertainment venue staff,and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 815 effective questionnaires were collected. The total awareness rate of hepatitis C prevention and treatment among different populations in Liangzhou District of Wuwei City was 44.42%,the correct answer rate of all 10 pieces basic knowledge survey items on hepatitis C prevention and control was 18.04%,and the incorrect answer rate was 6.99%. Univariate analysis showed that the awareness rate of hepatitis C prevention and treatment knowledge was related to different population categories,age,education level and marital status（χ²=91.623,66.441,68.776, 37.768,all P<0.05）,but not to different genders,and the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. The awareness rate of college students was higher than that of other groups（OR=2.759,95%CI：1.753-4.345）,the awareness rate of 15-<31 years old was higher than that of other age groups,the awareness rate of people with college education or above was higher than that of other people（OR=7.724,95%CI：3.565-16.734）,the awareness rate of unmarried people was higher than that of other groups. The main ways for the public to acquire knowledge about the prevention and treatment of hepatitis C were through the internet,short video（70.18%）,chat,friends notifications（59.14%）,and television and radio（52.27%）. Conclusion There is still a lack of awareness among different populations in Liangzhou District of Wuwei City regarding the prevention and treatment of hepatitis C. The awareness rate of hepatitis C prevention and treatment needs to be improved urgently. In future work,efforts should be made to strengthen publicity among rural residents,low educated individuals,and middle-aged and elderly populations,enhance self-protection awareness,and reduce the phenomenon of "separation of knowledge and practice" in hepatitis C.

Mediating effect of job-control between perceived overqualification and counterproductive work behavior among senior clinical nurses

WU Jiawen, ZHOU Jingjing, GUO Zongxiao, ZHANG Haiyan

2024, 40(21): 2951-2955.

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Objective To understand the current situation of overqualification,job control,and counterproductive work behavior among senior clinical nurses,and explore the relationship between the three factors. Methods From June to September 2023,a survey was conducted on 332 clinical nurses using self-designed demographic information questionnaire,perceived overqualification scale,job-control perception scale and counterproductive work behavior scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of perceived overqualification among 332 senior clinical nurses was （23.31±4.78）points,the score of job-control was （55.08±5.42）points,and the score of counterproductive work behavior was （56.81±7.33）points. Job-control was negatively correlated with perceived overqualification and counterproductive work behavior（r=-0.639,-0.732,both P<0.01）,while the perceived overqualification was positively correlated with counterproductive work behavior and its dimensions（r=0.573-0.623,all P<0.01）. The perceived overqualification had both significant direct and indirect effects on counterproductive work behavior of senior clinical nurses. The direct effect of perceived overqualification→counterproductive work behavior was 0.403（P<0.01）,and the indirect effect value of perceived overqualification→job-control→counterproductive work behavior was 0.017（P<0.01）,accounting for 14.98% of the total effect. Conclusion Hospital managers can individually match the appropriate post according to the characteristics and comprehensive ability of senior clinical nurses and conduct scientific management of human resources. To reduce the perceived overqualification and improve job control of senior clinical nurse,so as to reduce and prevent the occurrence of counterproductive work behavior in the organization.

Analysis on vaccination status and safety of 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among children born in a certain district of Beijing from 2017 to 2022

TANG Ying, WANG Fengshuang, XIAO Lei

2024, 40(21): 2956-2959.

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Objective To understand the vaccination rates of each dose of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine（PCV13） for school-age children in a certain district of Beijing,as well as the classified reporting rate of suspected event following immunization（AEFI）. Methods Based on the "Beijing Vaccination Management System" to analyze the PCV13 vaccination information of children in the birth cohort from 2017 to 2022,and calculate the vaccination rate. Obtain vaccine AEFI report data through the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System",and calculate the AEFI classification report rate. Results The first dose PCV13 vaccination rate increased from 7.90% in 2017 to 41.96% in 2021（χ²_trend=5474.34,P<0.01）. The total reporting rate of AEFI was 7.47/10 000（52 cases）,with general reactions and abnormal reactions being 7.07/10 000（49 cases） and 4.33/10 000（3 cases）,respectively. Fever,local redness and swelling,local induration,and allergic rash were 5.17/10 000（36 cases）, 2.30/10 000（16 cases）,0.86/10 000（6 cases）,and 0.43/10 000（3 cases）,respectively. Conclusion From 2017 to 2021, the PCV13 vaccination rate among children in the birth cohort in a certain district of Beijing showed an upward trend. AEFI is mainly characterized by general reactions,with fever being the most common clinical manifestation. It is necessary to improve the sensitivity of AEFI monitoring in outpatient clinics with a large number of vaccinations and a low frequency of outpatient days in daily life.

Analysis on current status of professional identity of midwives in Nanchang City and its correlation with psychological resilience and perceived stress

LIU Xia, WENG Jinhua, WANG Yueqin

2024, 40(21): 2960-2963.

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Objective To investigate the status of midwives' professional identity in Nanchang City and its correlation with psychological resilience and perceived stress. Methods From October to December 2022,a convenience sampling method was used to survey 107 midwives from four tertiary hospitals in Nanchang City,and the data were analyzed. Results The average score of midwives' professional identity in four tertiary hospitals in Nanchang was （107.80±17.72）points. There were statistically significant differences in the occupational identity scores of midwives with different ages,marital status,education level,professional title,working years,night shift rotation,self-rated work stress,and self-rated sleep quality（all P<0.05）. The professional identity scores of midwives in Nanchang was positively correlated with the scores of various dimensions and total scores of psychological resilience（all P<0.01）,and negatively correlated with the scores of various dimensions and total scores of perceived stress（all P<0.01）. After controlling for the general data,psychological resilience and perceived stress were important factors affecting the professional identity of midwives in Nanchang. Conclusion The professional identity of midwives in four tertiary hospitals in Nanchang is at a medium to high level. Improving the psychological resilience of midwives and reducing the perceived stress will help to improve their professional identity.

Prevalence characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease and application of SARIMA model in Jingdezhen City from 2009 to 2022

CHEN Xiao, PENG Zhibin, LIU Miao, PAN Kailun, YAO Yao, LI Sisi

2024, 40(21): 2964-2970.

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Objective To analyze the epidemic monitoring data of hand-foot-and-mouth disease（HFMD） in Jingdezhen City from 2009 to 2022,and understand the epidemic characteristics of HFMD. The seasonal time-series prediction model was utilized to predict and fit the annual incidence rate of HFMD in Jingdezhen City,and the accuracy of the model was evaluated. Methods The monthly incidence rate data of HFMD in Jingdezhen from 2009 to 2022 were collected from the information data center in Jingdezhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The sample database and the integrated prediction value table were established using Excel 2022 software,the data processing and plotting were carried out using SPSS 25.0 software,the optimal model was selected according to the residual white noise test and the Bayesian information criterions（BIC）. The monthly incidence rate data of HFMD in Jingdezhen City from 2009 to 2022 were used to establish the relevant model and perform fitting extrapolation. The actual data from January to December 2022 were used to test the prediction effect. The absolute error and relative error were used to evaluate the credibility of the model. Results From 2009 to 2022,a total of 31 989 cases of HFMD were reported in Jingdezhen City,occurring every year,mainly concentrated in April to June and September to October,with May being the peak period of incidence. The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model（SARIMA） was used to predict the incidence rate of HFMD,and the SARIMA（1,0,1）（0,1,1）₁₂ was found to be the best fit. The fitted extrapolated values of the 12 month HFMD incidence rate in 2022 were selected,and the actual values fluctuated within the 95%CI range of the predicted value,and the overall prediction was ideal. Conclusion Seasonality and periodicity exist in HFMD in Jingdezhen,and the SARIMA model fits and predicts the trend of HFMD more accurately,which can be used to predict the incidence of HFMD in the short term and provide certain scientific reference for the prevention and control of HFMD.

Monitoring results and health risks of fluoride in rural drinking water in Jinzhong City from 2018 to 2022

SUN Ruizhen, REN Yingyu, HUANGFU Suhui, LI Jinghong

2024, 40(21): 2971-2975.

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Objective To understand the fluoride content and health risk in rural drinking water in Jinzhong,and provide technical support for the management of rural drinking water safety and the prevention and control of drinking water endemic fluorosis. Methods To evaluate the monitoring results of fluoride concentration in rural drinking water in Jinzhong during 2018 to 2022 according to GB 5749-2006 "Hygienic standard for drinking water". The qualification rate and concentration distribution of fluoride in rural drinking water in Jinzhong City were analyzed,and a non-carcinogenic risk assessment were conducted on the health risks of fluoridec. Results From 2018 to 2022,a total of 3 946 rural drinking water samples in Jinzhong were monitored,of which 3 847 specimens were qualified for fluoride,with a qualified rate of 97.49%. The concentration range spanned from 0.05 to 5.20 mg/L,with a median being 0.41 mg/L. The number of water samples with fluoride concentration <0.5 mg/L was the highest,accounting for 67.56%. There were statistically significant differences in the fluoride qualification rate between different years,water source types,and water supply methods（χ²=12.806,55.336,11 838.000,all P<0.05）. However,there were no statistically significant differences in the fluoride qualification rate between different sampling periods and water sample types（χ²=1.254,2.224, both P>0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in fluoride concentration distribution among different years,sampling water periods,water sample types,water source classifications,and water supply methods（Z=12.806,6.506,35.082,361.329,20.430, all P<0.05）. The non-carcinogenic health risks of fluoride produced through drinking water routes were higher in males than females and in children than in adults. Conclusion The non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in drinking water in rural drinking water in Jinzhong is situated at a relatively low level,and fluoride levels still exceed the standard in some areas. Periodic monitoring of rural drinking water and endemic fluorosis should be consistently enhanced,and attention should be paid to the prevalence of dental caries among children in low-fluoride zones,and to the incidence of dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis in high-fluoride regions.

Analysis on positive engagement of parents in eye health exercises and associated factors based on the knowledge-attitude-practice model

CHEN Xiaojun, CHEN Huarong, ZHANG Chunhua, SUN Bing, HUANG Jiali, CHEN Yanyan

2024, 40(21): 2976-2981.

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Objective To understand the current status of the knowledge,attitude,and practice（KAP） of parents regarding eye exercises,analyze the associated factors,and provide evidence for developing intervention programs for parents' KAP on eye exercises. Methods From March to April 2023,a cluster sampling method was used to select 4 primary schools from 12 districts and counties（cities） in Wenzhou City. A total of 1 960 primary school students from grades one to six were selected for optometry. A self-designed questionnaire on eye health exercise KAP was used to survey their parents,and the data was analyzed. Results The awareness rate of parents about eye health exercises was 47.76%,the enthusiasm rate was 72.45%,and the participation rate was 36.73%. Parental practice in eye exercises showed a negative correlation with their level of knowledge（β=-0.33,OR=0.72,P<0.05）,while a positive correlation with their attitudes（β=2.33,OR=10.28,P<0.01）. There were statistically significant differences in the level of knowledge of eye health exercises among different fathers,mothers,and myopia levels（OR=1.32-1.44,all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the impact of parents' educational levels,myopia levels,and whether their children were myopic on their attitudes towards eye health exercises（OR=0.50-0.75,all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the influence of parents' educational levels,myopia levels,and their children's grade level on participation practice（OR=0.34-0.72,all P<0.05）. Conclusion Parents have insufficient knowledge and practice regarding eye health exercises. It is recommended to strengthen the publicity and education of eye health exercises for parents based on their knowledge,attitudes,and behaviors and related factors,improve their awareness and ability in eye care,and form a joint prevention and control force among families,schools,and society.

Analysis of latent tuberculosis infection status and influencing factors among high school freshmen in Nanjing in 2022

WANG Xueqing, WANG Rong, MIAO Ruifen, FANG Liangmei, XU Fei

2024, 40(21): 2982-2987.

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Objective To understand the status of latent tuberculosis infection（LTBI） among high school freshmen in Nanjing in 2022,and analyze the influencing factors of LTBI,in order to provide theoretical basis for tuberculosis prevention and control in schools. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 800 high school freshmen from three high schools in the main urban area and non-main urban area of Nanjing from August to September 2022. The purified protein derivative of tuberculin（PPD） was used to screen for LTBI,and the screening results were collected through the "School Tuberculin Skin Test Record Form". The student health survey questionnaire was used to collect general demographic information,clinical information,other potential factors related to LTBI,and awareness of core knowledge about tuberculosis. Chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of LTBI among high school freshmen. Results A total of 1 644 participants were included in the study,and the LTBI rate was 13.63%. Multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that non-main urban area（OR=1.681,95%CI：1.236-2.285,P<0.01）,cough symptoms in the past 3 months（OR=1.705, 95%CI：1.044-2.785,P<0.05）,and liking to eat animal organs（OR=1.678,95%CI：1.029-2.737,P<0.05） were risk factors for LTBI,while outdoor exercise time of 1-2 hours per day（OR=0.689,95%CI：0.506-0.940,P<0.05） was a protective factor for LTBI. Conclusion The LTBI rate among high school freshmen in Nanjing is at a relatively high level,and attention should be paid to students in non-main urban areas. Health education should be conducted and tuberculosis screening for freshmen should be implemented. Morning and afternoon check-ups and symptom monitoring should be done to detect LTBI and prevent progression to active tuberculosis. Excessive consumption of animal organs should be avoided,and appropriate outdoor exercise should be maintained to enhance physical fitness,which may be an effective way to prevent LTBI among high school freshmen.

Research hotspots and frontier analysis of nursing professional identity at home and abroad based on CiteSpace

WANG Yibao, YANG Erming, WU Yanming, HE Xingyue, YANG Hui

2024, 40(21): 2988-2993.

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Objective To analyze the research hotspots and frontiers of nursing professional identity at home and abroad,so as to provide reference for future related research. Methods The articles related to nursing professional identity included in CNKI and Web of Science core collection database from the establishment of the database to January 1,2023 were systematically searched,and CiteSpace 6.1.R3 was used to perform visualization analysis by keywords,authors and institutions. Results A total of 1 493 articles were included,including 933 in Chinese and 560 in English. The literature analysis results showed that the overall annual publication volume was on the rise,and the attention of related research continued to increase. The cooperation between high-yield authors was relatively scattered. The research institutions were mainly concentrated in medical schools and their affiliated research units. Universities were the backbone of nursing professional identity research,but they had not yet formed a close cooperative team and a continuous research system. The research hotspots on nursing professional identity both domestically and internationally mainly focused on the influencing factors and intervention measures of nursing professional identity. The forefront of research on nursing professional identity at home and abroad focused on the impact of "work pressure","empathy fatigue","occupational burnout","alternative trauma","nursing professional education",and "nursing work environment" on nursing professional identity. Conclusion The research on nursing professional identity is constantly increasing in popularity and presenting diversity. These research hotspots and frontiers will provide important theoretical support and guidance for academic research and practice in the nursing field. In the future,cooperation between authors and institutions should be strengthened,longitudinal surveys and intervention studies should be conducted to expand the depth and breadth of research,thereby improving the professional identity of nurses and nursing students,stabilizing the nursing talent team,and promoting the development of the nursing discipline and industry.

Meta-analysis of prevalence and influencing factors of partner notification among HIV/AIDS patients in China

LI Jiajia, LI Linghua, YAN Chan, LIU Cong

2024, 40(21): 2994-2999.

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Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of partner notification（PN） among human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）/acquired immune deficiency syndrome（AIDS） patients in China by meta-analysis. Methods Retrieve Chinese databases such as CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and CBM,as well as foreign databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and Embase. Collect cross-sectional studies involving PN of HIV/AIDS patients in China that were published from the establishment of the database until June 2023. Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 16.0 and RevMan 5.4 software. Results A total of 28 literatures were included with 16 189 patients. The prevalence of PN of HIV/AIDS patients in China was 59%（95%CI：50%-68%）. Getting counseling services（OR=2.39,95%CI：1.69-3.39）,being married（OR=1.99,95%CI：1.14-3.49）,receiving social support（OR=1.97,95%CI：1.25-3.10）,living with family members（OR=1.73,95%CI：1.38-2.18）,female（OR=1.60,95%CI：1.14-2.23）,and perceived discrimination（OR=0.66,95%CI：0.42-1.05） were all influencing factors of PN prevalence among HIV/AIDS patients in China（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The PN prevalence of HIV/AIDS patients in China is relatively low. Medical staff should personally evaluate the actual situation of patients and provide targeted interventions based on controllable factors.

Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of norovirus infectious diarrhea in Jinghong City of Xishuangbanna Prefecture

QI Yanbo, LI Haiyan, HE Jing, YU Hanlao, ZHENG Erda, LI Yuanyuan

2024, 40(21): 3000-3003.

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Objective To investigate and analyze an outbreak caused by Norovirus infection in Jinghong City,and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of Norovirus infection in Yunnan Province. Methods The epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations were collected by conducting questionnaires and face-to-face interviews to patients and related persons who developed symptoms from April 22 to May 3,2023. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to describe the time,population,and spatial distribution of the cases. Conduct on-site hygiene investigation on a restaurant in a scenic area where the patient dined,including the health status of employees,dining environment,and water supply equipment. Collect cases,travel group tourists,catering staff anal swabs,suspicious water samples,surface coating of objects,and food samples for laboratory testing using a microbial rapid enrichment system. Results A total of 186 cases were found that met the case definition,distributed among 22 travel groups. There were 44 males and 142 females,with a male-to-female ratio of 1 ∶ 3.23,and the minimum age was 6 years and the maximum age was 78 years. Four staff members and their families of a restaurant in a certain scenic area had suffered from diarrhea and vomiting in the past week.Fly prevention facilities were found on site but were not activated for use. There was no light tube on the ultraviolet disinfection lamp in the fruit room. The water intake point in the scenic area was very close to the sewage discharge point and located downstream of the sewage discharge point. Out of 346 anal swab samples collected,85 were positive for norovirus. Conclusion This incident is an outbreak of infectious diarrhea caused by Norovirus contamination of a water source,which was caused by Norovirus contamination of a self-provided domestic water source in a certain scenic area. It is recommended to strengthen the diagnosis,treatment,and isolation of cases,promptly carry out water source disinfection,suspend the operation of restaurants in the scenic area,and carry out public health propaganda through multiple channels and platforms to prevent the spread and recurrence of the epidemic.

Research progress on health literacy of infectious diseases among medical students

GU Sainan, ZHU Aiyong, SUN Shanshan, SHEN Lingling, ZHAO Fang

2024, 40(21): 3004-3007.

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As future medical workers,the level of infectious disease health literacy among medical students is of great significance for the prevention of infectious diseases in the future. Referring to the relevant research literature on infectious disease health literacy of medical students at home and abroad,this paper comprehensively discusses the current situation and influencing factors of medical students' infectious disease health literacy from the relevant definitions of health literacy and infectious disease health literacy,evaluation tools for infectious disease health literacy,as well as the strategies to improve medical students' infectious disease health literacy,in order to provide a reference basis for improving the level of infectious disease health literacy among medical students.

Research progress on influencing factors and evaluation tools of active aging at home and abroad

LIAO Shufang, LI Shasha, WANG Yuecong, XU Lijun, NI Yingyuan, BAO Jianyi

2024, 40(21): 3008-3013.

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With the intensification of the global aging trend,scholars at home and abroad are paying more and more attention to the influencing factors and evaluation tools of active aging. Active aging emphasizes that elderly people can actively and healthily participate in social,economic,cultural,and public affairs to maintain physical and mental health,realize self-worth,and is an important indicator for measuring the quality of life in later years. The factors that affect the positive aging of the elderly include physiological health,psychological health,social adaptation,productive activities,spiritual and cultural activities,physical activity,economic security,policies and regulations,community environment,paid or unpaid work,life events,and family environment. Among them,the cross factors of learning,social interaction,emotions,spirit,and exercise are the focus of multi factor analysis of positive aging at home and abroad. This article is based on previous research and provides a review of the influencing factors and evaluation tools of active aging both domestically and internationally. It delves into the specific mechanisms and pathways of the influencing factors of active aging in China,with the aim of providing theoretical references for further research and practical promotion of active aging in China.

Research progress on nutritional literacy of patients with chronic disease

DU Yu, LIU Zhenya, LIANG Hongxia, HUANG Lulu, GAO Min, ZHANG Guifang

2024, 40(21): 3014-3019.

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Dietary nutrition is closely related to the long-term clinical outcome and disease rehabilitation of patients with chronic diseases,and nutritional literacy is an important factor in determining people's dietary structure,improving nutritional status and preventing and treating nutrition-related chronic diseases. Therefore,this paper summarizes the concept,evaluation tools,influencing factors and intervention measures of nutritional literacy,in order to provide reference and guidance for improving the level of nutritional literacy of patients with chronic diseases and improving their nutritional health status and disease outcome.

Research progress on difficulties in regulating positive emotions

HU Tingting, ZHAO Yueyan, MIAO Qunfang

2024, 40(21): 3020-3024.

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Emotion regulation is an important psychological response for individuals to cope with environmental changes. Individuals may develop a series of clinical disorders due to emotion dysregulation. Previous studies on emotion dysregulation have focused more on negative emotions,and the regulation of negative emotions has become a major direction of clinical treatment. Currently,foreign studies have found that positive emotion dysregulation are closely related to a variety of health risk behaviors and psychiatric disorders. Therefore,this article aims to review the current research status and characteristics of positive emotion dysregulation abroad,which can help researchers in China to carry out research in this field,introduce measurement tools to assess positive emotion dysregulation,identify people with potential difficulties in regulating positive emotions,and develop individual positive emotion dysregulation into intervention and early identification methods for certain psychiatric disorders.

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