射频电磁场对阿尔茨海默病的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 射频电磁场（radio-frequency electromagnetic field，RF-EMF）广泛存在于生产生活中，以非热效应作用于机体，通过长期RF-EMF暴露可能产生不同的生物学效应。大脑是对RF-EMF暴露敏感的靶器官之一，常表现在学习和记忆功能的改变，目前RF-EMF对学习和记忆功能的影响仍存在争论。近年来，研究发现RF-EMF长时间暴露与阿尔兹海默病（Alzheimer's disease，AD）的发病和病程进展有关，可能通过影响AD患者脑内β-淀粉样蛋白（β-amyloid，Aβ）水平和Aβ通路下游的其他反应、激活自噬和抑制凋亡，起到保护神经元作用，从而改善AD的学习和记忆功能。目前对AD的研究仍处于初级阶段，仍未发现AD的病因和有效治疗方法。研究RF-EMF暴露对AD的影响可能为AD相关研究提供新线索。本文对射频电磁场对AD病理性改变和认知功能的影响进行综述，为AD相关研究提供依据。

关键词: 射频电磁场, 阿尔茨海默病, 生物学效应, 病理性改变, 认知功能

Abstract: Radio-frequency electromagnetic fields（RF-EMF） are widely existing in production and life，which act on the body with non-thermal effects. Different biological effects may occur through long-term RF-EMF exposure. The brain is one of the target organs that sensitive to RF-EMF exposure. RF-EMF exposure may alter learning and memory function. The effects of RF-EMF on learning and memory function are still debated. In recent years，studies have found that prolonged exposure to RF-EMF is associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease（AD）. It may improve learning and memory function in AD by affecting β-amyloid（Aβ） levels and other responses downstream of the Aβ pathway，activating autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis in the brain of AD，which may have a protective effect on neurons. At present，the research into AD is still in its infancy and the causes and effective treatments for AD have still not been identified. Studying the effects of RF-EMF exposure on AD may provide new leads for AD-related research. The article review the effects of RF-EMF on pathological changes and cognitive function in AD and provide a basis for AD-related research.

Key words: Radio-frequency electromagnetic fields, Alzheimer's disease, Biological effect, Pathological changes, Cognitive function

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺2

蒋玉融, 吴锡南, 张盛庆宇, 李志强, 舒逍, 武慧欣. 射频电磁场对阿尔茨海默病的影响. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(1): 122-125.

JIANG Yu-rong, WU Xi-nan, ZHANG Sheng-qingyu, LI Zhi-qiang, SHU Xiao, WU Hui-xin. Effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields on Alzheimer's disease. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(1): 122-125.

参考文献

[1] 马琳.ApoE、ADH1B rsl229984和ALDH2 rs671基因多态性与内蒙古汉族人群阿尔茨海默病发病相关性研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2018.
[2] 张竞天.PS1、PSAP和DR6的相互联系促进细胞凋亡的机制研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2020.
[3] 邓青山,邱俊,陶裕川,等.二甲双胍对阿尔茨海默病小鼠的神经保护作用机制研究[J].中国临床药理学杂志,2022,38(1):40-43.
[4] GOEDERT M.Alzheimer's and parkinson's diseases:The prion concept in relation to assembled Aβ,tau,and α-synuclein[J].Science,2015,349(6248):1255555.
[5] DORSZEWSKA J,PRENDECKI M,OCZKOWSKA A,et al.Molecular basis of familial and sporadic Alzheimer's Disease[J].Curr Alzheimer Res,2016,13(9):952-963.
[6] JIA L,DU Y,CHU L,et al.Prevalence,risk factors,and management of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older in China:A cross-sectional study[J].Lancet Public Health,2020,5(12):e661-e671.
[7] 郑荣淇.2 650 MHz电磁辐射对C57小鼠情绪行为及学习记忆的影响研究[D].北京:军事科学院,2021.
[8] 李志强.大鼠出生前暴露1 800和2 400 MHz射频场对其行为和认知发育的影响[D].昆明:昆明医科大学,2019.
[9] 曲敏,毕卓悦,唐雨萌,等.生物电磁技术应用及其相关健康风险评估对策[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2625-2634.
[10] 秦粉菊,沈涛,李金林,等.1.8 GHz射频场辐射对小鼠应激激素和免疫因子的时间毒性[J].卫生研究,2019,48(3):482-487.
[11] ROSS C L,SIRIWARDANE M,ALMEIDA-PORADA G,et al.The effect of low-frequency electromagnetic field on human bone marrow stem/progenitor cell differentiation[J].Stem Cell Res,2015,15(1):96-108.
[12] 王潇娅.900 MHz电磁辐射对小鼠神经母细胞瘤细胞DNA氧化损伤影响的研究[D].重庆:第三军医大学,2016.
[13] SON Y,KIM J S,JEONG Y J,et al.Long-term RF exposure on behavior and cerebral glucose metabolism in 5xFAD mice[J].Neurosci Lett,2018,666:64-69.
[14] 苏霄,赵世刚,赵婷婷,等.阿尔兹海默病发病机制的新进展[J].中华临床医师杂志(电子版),2021,15(3):224-228.
[15] OH H,MADISON C,BAKER S,et al.Dynamic relationships between age,amyloid-β deposition,and glucose metabolism link to the regional vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease[J].Brain,2016,139(8):2275-2289.
[16] 孙其玉,田兆菊,王长振.电磁辐射对阿尔茨海默病影响的研究进展[J].军事医学,2019,43(5):386-390.
[17] ARENDASH G W,MORI T,DORSEY M,et al.Electromagnetic treatment to old Alzheimer's mice reverses β-amyloid deposition,modifies cerebral blood flow,and provides selected cognitive benefit[J].PLoS One,2012,7(4):e35751.
[18] JEONG Y J,KANG G Y,KWON J H,et al.1 950 MHz electromagnetic fields ameliorate Aβ pathology in Alzheimer's disease mice[J].Curr Alzheimer Res,2015,12(5):481-492.
[19] SON Y,JEONG Y J,KWON J H,et al.1 950 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields do not aggravate memory deficits in 5xFAD mice[J].Bioelectromagnetics,2016,37(6):391-399.
[20] PARK J,KWON J H,KIM N,et al.Effects of 1 950 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on Aβ processing in human neuroblastoma and mouse hippocampal neuronal cells[J].J Radiat Res,2018,59(1):18-26.
[21] 张斌,张莹,王军.神经变性疾病中错误折叠的Tau蛋白的细胞间传播及可能的治疗策略[J].阿尔茨海默病及相关病,2021,4(2):145-155.
[22] 李丽,张彦文,陈前,等.电磁辐射对原代培养的皮层神经元中tau蛋白磷酸化的影响[J].第三军医大学学报,2012,34(11):1021-1025.
[23] DUBOIS B,FELDMAN H H,JACOVA C,et al.Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease:The IWG-2 criteria[J].Lancet Neurol,2014,13(6):614-629.
[24] HAMPEL H,HARDY J,BLENNOW K,et al.The amyloid-β pathway in Alzheimer's disease[J].Mol Psychiatry,2021,26(10):5481-5503.
[25] BHATIA V,SHARMA S.Role of mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress and autophagy in progression of Alzheimer's disease[J].J Neurol Sci,2021,421:117253.
[26] SHABBIR U,TYAGI A,ELAHI F,et al.The Potential role of polyphenols in oxidative stress and inflammation induced by gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease[J].Antioxidants(Basel),2021,10(9):1370.
[27] TSOY A,SALIEV T,ABZHANOVA E,et al.The Effects of mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on β-Amyloid-induced oxidative stress in human and rat primary astrocytes[J].Neuroscience,2019,408:46-57.
[28] BOUJI M,LECOMTE A,GAMEZ C,et al.Impact of cerebral radiofrequency exposures on oxidative stress and corticosterone in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease[J].J Alzheimers Dis,2020,73(2):467-476.
[29] LI Q,LIU Y,SUN M.Autophagy and Alzheimer's disease[J].Cell Mol Neurobiol,2017,37(3):377-388.
[30] REISS A B,ARAIN H A,STECKER M M,et al.Amyloid toxicity in Alzheimer's disease[J].Rev Neurosci,2018,29(6):613-627.
[31] ZIELINSKI J,DUCRAY A D,MOELLER A M,et al.Effects of pulse-modulated radiofrequency magnetic field(RF-EMF) exposure on apoptosis,autophagy,oxidative stress and electron chain transport function in human neuroblastoma and murine microglial cells[J].Toxicol In Vitro,2020,68:104963.
[32] KIM J H,SOHN U D,KIM H G,et al.Exposure to 835 MHz RF-EMF decreases the expression of calcium channels,inhibits apoptosis,but induces autophagy in the mouse hippocampus[J].Korean J Physiol Pharmacol,2018,22(3):277-289.
[33] KIM J H,YU D H,HUH Y H,et al.Long-term exposure to 835 MHz RF-EMF induces hyperactivity,autophagy and demyelination in the cortical neurons of mice[J].Sci Rep,2017,7:4112.
[34] KIM J H,YU D H,KIM H R.Activation of autophagy at cerebral cortex and apoptosis at brainstem are differential responses to 835 MHz RF-EMF exposure[J].Korean J Physiol Pharmacol,2017,21(2):179-188.
[35] KIM J H,YU D H,KIM H J,et al.Exposure to 835 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field induces autophagy in hippocampus but not in brain stem of mice[J].Toxicol Ind Health,2018,34(1):23-35.
[36] ARENDASH G W,SANCHEZ-RAMOS J,MORI T,et al.Electromagnetic field treatment protects against and reverses cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease mice[J].J Alzheimers Dis,2010,19(1):191-210.
[37] NG T P,LIM M L,NITI M,et al.Long-term digital mobile phone use and cognitive decline in the elderly[J].Bioelectromagnetics,2012,33(2):176-185.
[38] GUXENS M,VERMEULEN R,VAN EIJSDEN M,et al.Outdoor and indoor sources of residential radiofrequency electromagnetic fields,personal cell phone and cordless phone use,and cognitive function in 5-6 years old children[J].Environ Res,2016,150:364-374.
[39] SHAMRMA A,KESARI K K,SAXENA V K,et al.Ten gigahertz microwave radiation impairs spatial memory,enzymes activity,and histopathology of developing mice brain[J].Mol Cell Biochem,2017,435(1-2):1-13.
[40] 李景璐,李曼,蒋佳诺,等.不同功率密度的微波辐射对小鼠学习记忆功能的影响[J].环境与职业医学,2017,34(5):445-448.
[41] 李明超,叶云,刘远,等.离子型谷氨酸受体在长时程增强产生机制中的研究进展[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2018,21(16):1741-1746.
[42] 邱财荣,周柏玉,吴中亮.谷氨酸及其受体在海马学习记忆中的作用研究现状[J].神经解剖学杂志,2016,32(4):529-531.
[43] 薛豪杰.神经节苷脂对缺氧缺血性新生大鼠认知功能改善的研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2010.
[44] 张海红.NMDA受体与中枢神经系统退行性疾病[J].神经药理学报,2015,5(2):17-23.
[45] 刘畅,李志强,武慧欣,等.射频场电磁辐射对大鼠海马N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体的影响[J].职业与健康,2020,36(17):2437-2440.
[46] 殷阔琦.丙泊酚对幼鼠肝缺血再灌注致脑损伤时NR2B/CaMKⅡα信号通路的影响[D].天津:天津医科大学,2019.
[47] SHAHIN S,BANERJEE S,SWARUP V,et al.From the Cover:2.45-GHz microwave radiation impairs hippocampal learning and spatial memory:involvement of local stress mechanism-induced suppression of iGluR/ERK/CREB signaling[J].Toxicol Sci,2018,161(2):349-374.
[48] 刘宗环,智维佳,邹勇,等.长期辐射对大鼠海马NMDAR、BDNF及其信号通路相关分子表达的影响[J].军事医学,2017,41(11):875-880.
[49] LI S,HONG S,SHEPARDSON N E,et al.Soluble oligomers of amyloid Beta protein facilitate hippocampal long-term depression by disrupting neuronal glutamate uptake[J].Neuron,2009,62(6):788-801.
[50] ARENDASH G W.Transcranial electromagnetic treatment against Alzheimer's disease:Why it has the potential to trump Alzheimer's disease drug development[J].J Alzheimers Dis,2012,32(2):243-266.
[51] ARENDASH G W.Review of the evidence that transcranial electromagnetic treatment will be a safe and effective therapeutic against Alzheimer's disease[J].J Alzheimers Dis,2016,53(3):753-771.
[52] DRAGICEVIC N,BRADSHAW P C,MAMCARZ M,et al.Long-term electromagnetic field treatment enhances brain mitochondrial function of both Alzheimer's transgenic mice and normal mice:A mechanism for electromagnetic field-induced cognitive benefit[J].Neuroscience,2011,185:135-149.
[53] ARENDASH G,CAO C,ABULABAN H,et al.A Clinical trial of transcranial electromagnetic treatment in alzheimer's Disease:Cognitive enhancement and associated changes in cerebrospinal fluid,blood,and brain imaging[J].J Alzheimers Dis,2019,71(1):57-82.