关键词: 消防员, 创伤后应激障碍, 替代创伤, 应激感受

Abstract: Objective To explore the characteristics of firefighters in post-traumatic stress disorder（PTSD） and vicarious trauma（VT） as rescuers who experience traumatic situations. Methods From November 2020 to February 2021,using the convenience sampling,a survey was conducted on 2 084 firefighters in Shanghai by the self-compiled general demographic data questionnaire,stress perception scale and rescuer substitute trauma questionnaire,and the results of the survey were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance,correlation analysis and Johnson Neyman method. Results The average score of the PCL-5 scale for fire rescue personnel was （27.54±9.16）points,and the average score of the VT questionnaire was （65.17±26.00）points. The stress perception score[（21.77±7.93）points] offront-line firefighters was significantly higher than that of non-front-line fire rescue workers[（19.38±8.16）points]（P<0.01）. The total score ofstress perception of 1 806 front-line firefighters was significantly positively correlated with the total score of PCL-5 scale and the symptoms of the four groups（all P<0.01）. The moderating effect test found that traumatic memory played a moderating role between stress and PTSD symptoms,and stress feelings would lead to higher PTSD symptoms in the context of traumatic memory. Conclusion The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and the vicarious trauma among firefighters in each detachment in Shanghai are more obvious,the management and fire rescue personnel should increase their awareness of their own psychological trauma and stress when participating in rescue work,and pay more attention to mental health.

Key words: Firefighter, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Vicarious trauma, Stress feelings