核医学场所平面布局设计及效果分析

职业与健康 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 1464-1468.

核医学场所平面布局设计及效果分析

廖鑫¹, 马永忠²

1.北京清华长庚医院/清华大学临床医学院仪器处,北京 102218;
2.北京市疾病预防控制中心放射卫生防护所,北京 100013

收稿日期:2022-11-23 修回日期:2023-03-12 发布日期:2026-03-15
通信作者: 马永忠,主任医师,E-mail：myz0905@126.com
作者简介:廖鑫,男,工程师,主要从事医院大型医疗器械全生命周期管理及放射防护工作。
基金资助:
北京市高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目（学科带头人-01-20）

Plane layout design and effect analysis of nuclear medicine workplace

LIAO Xin¹, MA Yong-zhong²

1. Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital/Instrument Department of Clinical Medicine School of Tsinghua University,Beijing 102218,China;
2. Institute for Radiation Hygiene Protection,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China

Received:2022-11-23 Revised:2023-03-12 Published:2026-03-15
Contact: MA Yong-zhong,Chief physician,E-mail：myz0905@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的设计核医学场所布局分区和通风方案并进行验证检测,为规范核医学场所的防护、保障核医学人员的辐射安全提供基础条件。方法以2019—2022年北京市某医院设计并建成投入使用的核医学场所作为调查对象,通过现场勘察,查阅资料和综合分析,对该核医学场所的布局和通风进行设计,并在场所投入运行后进行放射性污染水平和通风效果验证检测,依据有关法规和技术标准进行分析评价。结果确定了该核医学工作场所的布局分区和通风设计方案,验证检测结果表明,场所内废物桶表面放射性表面污染水平最高,为6.40 Bq/cm²,其次为便池和注射台,分别为0.70和0.50 Bq/cm²,场所内其他设施和物品表面以及现场工作人员体表均未发现明显的放射性污染;通风柜操作口截面风速为1.0 m/s。场所内表面污染水平和通风分别满足GB 18871—2002《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》和GBZ 120—2020《核医学放射防护要求》的要求。结论核医学场所布局分区和通风是防护设计的关键,验证检测是维护场所安全运行的有效手段,应将放射防护理念贯穿到每一个设计环节,从根本上为核医学场所运行的辐射安全提供可靠的保障。

关键词: 核医学场所, 平面布局, 通风, 放射防护

Abstract: Objective To design and verify the layout zone and ventilation scheme of nuclear medicine workplace,so as to provide basic condition for standardizing the protection of nuclear medicine workplace and safeguarding the radiation safety of nuclear medicine personnel. Methods A nuclear medicine workplace designed and built by a hospital in Beijing during 2019-2022 was taken as the object of investigation and study. The layout and ventilation of the nuclear medicine workplace were designed and evaluated according to relevant regulations and standards by means of site investigating,data retrieving and comprehensive analyzing. Furthermore,the radioactive contamination level and ventilation effect were verified and tested after the workplace is put into operation. Results The layout zone and ventilation design of nuclear medicine workplace were determined. The verification testing results showed that the highest level of radioactive contamination was 6.40 Bq/cm² on the surface of waste buckets,followed by urinals and injection tables,which were 0.70 and 0.50 Bq/cm²,respectively. No obvious radioactive contamination was found on the surface of other facilities,articles and on-site staff in the workplace. The exhaust wind speed of the operation section of the fume hood was 1.0 m/s. The surface radioactive contamination level and ventilation in the nuclear medicine workplace met requirements of the Basic standards for ionizing radiation protection and radiation source safety（GB 18871-2002） and Radiological protection requirements for nuclear medicine（GBZ 120-2020）,respectively. Conclusion The layout zone and ventilation of nuclear medicine workplace are the key to protection design,verification test is effective to maintain the safe operation of the workplace,and the concept of radiation protection should be integrated into every design link to provide reliable protection for the radiation safety of nuclear medicine workplace fundamentally.

Key words: Nuclear medicine workplace, Plane layout, Ventilation, Radiation protection

中图分类号:

R144

廖鑫, 马永忠. 核医学场所平面布局设计及效果分析. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(11): 1464-1468.

LIAO Xin, MA Yong-zhong. Plane layout design and effect analysis of nuclear medicine workplace. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(11): 1464-1468.

参考文献

[1] 王超,刘晋彦,孟倩倩,等.某医院核医学科改建放射防护探讨[J].中国辐射卫生,2020,29(6):594-597.
[2] 李春英,张继勉,刘春旭,等.某医院核医学工作场所防护措施和设施分析与评价[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2020,38(1):70-73.
[3] 檀丽,周宁,谢兴华,等.某PET/CT中心放射防护控制效果评价中的布局分析[J].中国辐射卫生,2019,28(5):494-496.
[4] 全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国职业病防治法[EB/OL].(2018-12-29)[2023-01-14].https://www.doc88.com/p-3397828816013.html.
[5] 全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国放射性污染防治法[EB/OL].(2003-06-28)[2023-01-14].http://www.gov.cn/flfg/2005-06/27/content_9911.htm.
[6] 中华人民共和国国务院.放射性同位素与射线装置安全和防护条例[EB/OL].(2005-09-14)[2023-01-14].http://www.safehoo.com/Laws/Trade/Ohsas/201904/1560004.shtml.
[7] 中华人民共和国卫生部.放射诊疗管理规定[EB/OL].(2016-01-19)[2023-01-19].http://www.nhc.gov.cn/wjw/c100022/202201/fd58562f5ee6406a8788287a7f65fbab.shtml.
[8] 中华人民共和国卫生部.放射诊疗建设项目卫生审查管理规定[EB/OL].(2016-04-06)[2023-01-10].http://www.Pywsjd.gov.cn/show.phpid=63.
[9] 国家环境保护总局.关于发布放射源分类办法的公告[EB/OL].(2005-12-28)[2023-01-10].http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2005-12/28/content_140242.htm.
[10] 国家环境保护部,国家卫生和计划生育委员会.关于发布《射线装置分类》的公告[EB/OL].(2017-12-06)[2023-01-11].http://dgepb.dg.gov.cn/zwgk/hyfs/gzxx/content/post_476166.html
[11] 中华人民共和国卫生部.放射工作人员职业健康管理办法[EB/OL].(2007-11-01)[2023-01-03].http://m.law-lib.com/law/law_view.aspid=203702.
[12] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局.电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准:GB 18871—2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002:11-12.
[13] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.操作非密封源的辐射防护规定:GB 11930—2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010:3-5.
[14] 国家卫生健康委员会.核医学放射防护要求:GBZ 120—2020[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2020:5-8.
[15] 国家卫生健康委员会.医用X射线诊断放射防护要求:GBZ 130—2020[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2020:7-8.
[16] 中华人民共和国卫生部.临床核医学的患者防护与质量控制规范:GB 16361—2012[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012:2-4.
[17] 国家卫生健康委员会.职业性外照射个人监测规范:GBZ 128—2019[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2019:3-5.
[18] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业性内照射个人监测规范:GBZ 126—2016[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016:6-8.
[19] MADSEN M T,ANDERSON J A,HALAMA J R,et al.AAPM task group 108:PET and PET/CT Shielding Requirements[J].Med Phys,2016,33(1):4-15.
[20] 江丽红,孟月杰,刘永,等.核医学工作场所改建项目设计存在问题与对策[J].中国职业医学,2015,42(5):599-560.
[21] 余飞.核医学科放射防护的临床调查分析[J].基层医学论坛,2017,21(1):98-99.
[22] 张惠彬,柴琳,牛齐鲁,等.核医学科工作人员放射防护工作存在的问题与对策措施[J].工业卫生与职业病,2021,47(5):433-434.
[23] 范向勇.依据GBZ 120—2020《核医学放射防护要求》对核医学科诊断工作场所布局的分析与评价[J].中国卫生监督杂志,2021,28(4):368-371.
[24] 李思静,李亚明,汪静.核医学科建设与管理指导意见(2021版)[J].中华核医学与分子影像杂志,2021,41(12):748-754.
[25] 陶鑫,陈方,马艳茹,等.PET检查场所放射性体液污染监测与防护干预[J].上海护理,2018,18(12):72-74.
[26] 张灶钦,耿继武,林岚,等.广东省部分核医学诊疗工作场所辐射水平及人员受照剂量分析[J].中国辐射卫生,2018,27(1):13-17.