3种职业健康风险评估方法对金属制造业电焊烟尘接触岗位适用性分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析半定量综合指数法、国际采矿与金属委员会（International Council on Mining and Mentals,ICMM）定量法和ICMM风险评级表法3种职业健康风险评估方法在3家金属切割及焊接设备制造企业电焊烟尘接触岗位中的适用性。方法 2021年5月—2022年6月,选取3家金属切割及焊接设备制造企业接触电焊烟尘的11个岗位为分析对象,开展职业卫生现场调查、职业病危害因素监测和职业健康检查,采用半定量综合指数法、ICMM定量法和ICMM风险评级表法对电焊烟尘接触岗位开展职业健康风险评估,分析和比较评估结果。结果 A企业壳体焊接区1#、 4#和尾部壳体特装区电焊烟尘8 h时间加权平均浓度分别为0.38和0.52 mg/m³;B企业结构一车间1#、2#、3#和结构二车间1#、2#电焊烟尘8 h时间加权平均浓度分别为0.70、0.85、0.57、0.99和0.93 mg/m³;C企业一车间和二车间1#、2#电焊烟尘8 h时间加权平均浓度分别为1.21、1.22和1.04 mg/m³,均未超过职业接触限值。半定量综合指数法评估结果是A企业的2个岗位为低风险,其余1个岗位和B、C企业的8个岗位为中等风险;ICMM定量法评估结果是A企业的3个岗位为可容忍风险、B、C企业的8个岗位为潜在风险;ICMM风险评级表法评估结果是3家企业的11个电焊岗位均为无或非常低风险。结论 ICMM风险评级表法具有较强适用性和便捷性,能满足职业健康风险快速评估要求;半定量综合指数法和ICMM风险评级两种方法评估结果基本一致,评估结果也与实际情况较为符合,适用于金属制造业的职业健康风险评估。

关键词: 金属制造, 电焊烟尘, 职业健康, 风险评估

Abstract: Objective Analyze the applicability of three occupational health risk assessment methods,namely the semi quantitative comprehensive index method,the International Council on Mining and Metals（ICMM） quantitative method,and the ICMM risk rating table method,in welding fume exposure positions in three metal cutting and welding equipment manufacturing enterprises. Methods From May 2021 to June 2022,11 positions in 3 metal cutting and welding equipment manufacturing enterprises that were exposed to welding fume were selected as the research objects to carry out occupational health on-site investigations,occupational disease hazard factor monitoring,and occupational health examinations. Semi quantitative comprehensive index method,ICMM quantitative method,and ICMM risk rating table method were used to conduct occupational health risk assessment on welding fume exposure positions,and the evaluation resultswere analyzed and compared. Results The 8-hour time-weighted average concentration of welding fume in the shell welding area 1 #,4 # and tail shell special installation area of enterprise A were 0.38 and 0.52 mg/m³ respectively. The 8-hour time-weighted average concentrations of welding fume in structure I workshop 1 #,2 #,3 # and structure II workshop 1 #,2 # of enterprise B were 0.70,0.85,0.57,0.99 and 0.93 mg/m³ respectively.The 8-hour time-weighted average concentrations of 1 # and 2 # welding fume in the first and second workshops of Enterprise C were 1.21,1.22 and 1.04 mg/m³ respectively,which did not exceed the occupational exposure limit. The semi quantitative comprehensive index method evaluates that 2 positions in Company A were at low risk,while the remaining 1 position and 8 positions in Company B and C were at medium risk.The ICMM quantitative evaluation results show that 3 positions in Company A are tolerable risks,and 8 positions in Companies B and C were potential risks. The ICMM risk rating table method evaluated 11 welding positions in the three companies as having no or very low risks. Conclusions The ICMM risk rating table method has strong applicability and convenience,and can meet the requirements of rapid assessment of occupational health risks;The evaluation results of the semi quantitative comprehensive index method and the ICMM risk rating method are basically consistent,the evaluation results are also in line with the actual situation and are suitable for occupational health risk assessment in the metal manufacturing industry.

Key words: Metal manufacturing, Welding fume, Occupational health, Risk assessment

中图分类号:

R134⁺.2

殷春许, 张振城, 丁炎强, 王开磊. 3种职业健康风险评估方法对金属制造业电焊烟尘接触岗位适用性分析. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(16): 2184-2188.

YIN Chunxu, ZHANG Zhencheng, DING Yanqiang, WANG Kailei. Applicability analysis of three occupational health risk assessment methods for welding fume exposure positions in the metal manufacturing industry. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(16): 2184-2188.

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