关键词: 锐器伤, 职业暴露, 特点, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To understand the occupational exposure characteristics and influencing factor of medical staff with sharp instrument injury in a tertiary general hospital in Beijing from 2012 to 2020,provide evidence for making protection strategy of occupational exposure. Methods A retrospective survey method was used to analyze the data of occupational exposure to sharp instrument occurred and reported in a tertiary general hospital in Beijing from January 2012 to December 2020. Results Among 49 doctors and 67 nurses,the medical staff with work experience less than 5 years were the major population of sharp instrument injury,including 41（83.67%） doctors and 46（68.66%） nurses. The sharp instrument injuries of doctor were mostly because they are injured by suture needle at the time of surgical suture（55.10%）,and the sharp instrument injuries of nurse were mostly because they are injured by syringe needle when they are drawing blood or giving an infusion（55.20%）. The main exposure source of sharp instrument injury for doctors and nurses was viral hepatitis type B（HBV）,accounting for 59.18% and 41.79%（P>0.05）. The doctors（77.60%） had more knowledge about blood borne diseases in patients than nurses（49.30%）（P<0.05）. The proportion of doctor who treat the wound properly（26.50%） was lower than that of nurse（65.70%）（P<0.05）. The work intensity of medical staff in some departments was positively correlated with exposure frequency（P<0.05）. Conclusions The sharp instrument injury in a tertiary general hospital in Beijing from 2012 to 2020 mainly occurred in the junior medical staff,occupational exposure protection training should be intensified for junior medical staff. The high risk factors of sharp instrument injury of doctor is surgical suture,and the percentage of correct treatment after exposure is lower than that of nurses,so the training on proper post-exposure management should be strengthened in doctor. The high risk factors of sharp instrument injury of nurse is drawing blood or giving an infusion,and nurses know less about blood-borne diseases than doctors,so it is necessary to strengthen nurses' understanding of blood-borne diseases of patients. Meanwhile,in order to avoid sharp injury caused by overload,it is necessary to reasonably arrange the workload of medical staff.

Key words: Sharp instrument injury, Occupational exposure, Characteristic, Influencing factor