深圳市制造业工人睡眠质量状况及影响因素分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的以深圳市制造业工人为调查对象，分析其人口学特征、不同轮班状况对其睡眠质量的影响，为工业企业合理制定轮班制度提供实证依据。方法采用一般资料问卷、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（pittsburgh sleep quality index，PSQI）于2020年1月—2021年1月对深圳市制造业926名工人以随机抽样方法开展问卷调查，并对数据进行分析。结果被调查的926名深圳制造业工人的PSQI总分为（5.07±3.48）分，其7个成分得分分别为主观睡眠质量为（0.98±0.83）分、入睡时间为（0.98±0.93）分、睡眠时间为（0.90±0.70）分、睡眠效率为（0.44±0.83）分、睡眠障碍为（0.78±0.67）分、催眠药物为（0.02±0.22）分及日间功能障碍为（0.97±0.96）分，PSQI总分和各维度得分与国内常模间的差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），除催眠药物项以外其他均高于国内常模值;不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入、吸烟饮酒与否、基本健康状况的工人主观睡眠质量得分间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。不同婚姻状况、吸烟饮酒与否、基本健康状况的工人入睡时间得分的差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），不同婚姻状况、吸烟饮酒与否的工人睡眠时间得分间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），不同性别、饮酒与否的工人睡眠效率得分的差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），不同文化程度、基本健康状况的工人睡眠障碍得分间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入、吸烟饮酒与否、饮茶与否及基本健康状况的工人日间功能障碍得分间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟饮酒与否及基本健康状况的工人PSQI总分间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），不同工种、轮班类型、轮班频率的深圳制造业工人主观睡眠质量、睡眠障碍、日间功能障碍及PSQI总分得分间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），不同轮班类型、轮班频率的工人入睡时间得分间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），不同轮班类型的工人睡眠时间、睡眠效率得分间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。轮班类型、文化程度、基本健康状况、饮酒、轮班频率、年龄、婚姻状态及工种进入回归方程。结论人口学特征中不同文化程度、基本健康状况、饮酒、年龄及婚姻状态对深圳市制造业工人睡眠质量有显著影响。轮班状况中不同轮班类型、轮班频率、工种对睡眠质量有显著影响。工业企业可建立员工睡眠质量档案，合理安排工作岗位，优化轮班制度，提高工作人员睡眠质量，促进工作人员的健康。

关键词: 睡眠质量状况, 深圳, 制造业工人, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective Taking manufacturing workers in Shenzhen City as the survey object，to analyze the impact of demographic characteristics and different shift conditions on their sleep quality，so as to provide empirical basis for industrial enterprises to reasonably formulate shift system. Methods The general data questionnaire and Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI） were used to investigate 926 manufacturing workers in Shenzhen City by random sampling from January 2020 to January 2021，and the data were analyzed. Results The total PSQI score of 926 manufacturing workers in Shenzhen City was（5.07±3.48）points. The seven component scores were as follows：subjective sleep quality（0.98±0.83）points，sleep latency（0.98±0.93）points，sleep time（0.90±0.70）points，sleep efficiency（0.44±0.83）points，sleep disorder（0.78±0.67）points，hypnotic drugs（0.02±0.22）points and daytime dysfunction（0.97±0.96）points.The total score of PSQI and scores of each dimension were significantly different from the domestic norms（all P<0.05）.Except for hypnotic drugs，other scores were higher than the domestic norms. There were statistically significantdifferences in the subjective sleep quality scores among workers in different gender，age，marital status，family per capita monthly income，smoking and drinking，and basic health status（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in sleep latencyscores among workers in different marital status，smoking and drinking，and basic health status（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in sleep timescores among workers in different marital status，smoking and drinking（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in sleep efficiencyscores among workers in different gender and drinking（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in sleep disorderscores among workers in education level and basic health status（both P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in daytime dysfunctionscores among workers in different gender，age，educational level，marital status，family per capita monthly income，smoking and drinking，drinking tea，and basic health status（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in total score of PSQI among workers in different gender，age，educational level，marital status，smoking and drinking，and basic health status（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in scores of subjective sleep quality，sleep disorder，daytime dysfunction and the total score of PSQI among workers in different types of work，shift types and shift frequencies（all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences in sleep efficiencyscores among workers in different shift types and shift frequencies （all P<0.05）.There were statistically significantdifferences inscores of sleep time and sleep efficiency among workers in different shift types （all P<0.05）. The shift type，education level，basic health status，drinking，shift frequency，age，marital status and type of work entered the regression equation. Conclusions The demographic characteristics，such as different educational level，basic health status，drinking，age and marital status，have a significant impact on sleep quality among manufacturing workers in ShenzhenCity，while shift types，shift frequencies and types of work have a significant impact on sleep quality. The industrial enterprisescan establish employee sleep quality files，reasonably arrange jobs，optimize shift system，improve the sleep quality of employees，and promote the health of employees.

Key words: Sleep quality, Shenzhen City, Manufacturing workers, Influencing factors

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺1

刘湘, 万克艳, 张峰, 卢祖洵, 吴瑕. 深圳市制造业工人睡眠质量状况及影响因素分析. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(2): 154-159.

LIU Xiang, WAN Ke-yan, ZHANG Feng, LU Zu-xun, WU Xia. Analysis on sleep quality and influencing factors of manufacturing workers in Shenzhen City. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(2): 154-159.

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