PM2.5急性暴露对大鼠肺毒效应的研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的采用气管滴注法对大鼠进行细颗粒物（fine particulate matter,PM_2.5）急性暴露,研究PM_2.5对不同性别大鼠的肺毒效应。方法 SPF级SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组和PM_2.5高、中、低剂量组（PM_2.5粉末干重13.5、4.5和1.5 mg/kg）,气管滴注连续7 d后解剖,计算肺脏器系数;检测丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutases,SOD）、总蛋白（total protein,TP）和白蛋白（albumin,ALB）变化情况;苏木素-伊红（hematoxylin and eosin,HE）染色观察肺组织病理结构改变。结果各组肺脏器系数均随着染毒剂量增加而升高,雌鼠高剂量组[（0.758±0.263）%]与对照组[（0.530±0.026）%]相比,雄鼠低剂量组[（0.476±0.049）%]与雌鼠[（0.565±0.057）%]相比,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;与对照组相比,雌鼠MDA含量随着PM_2.5剂量增加而上升（P<0.05）,高剂量组雌鼠[（1.159±0.162）nmol/mgprot]与雄鼠[（0.865±0.155）nmol/mgprot]MDA含量比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;雄鼠中剂量组[（0.264±0.069）g/L]、高剂量组[（0.396±0.124）g/L]TP含量均低于同剂量的雌鼠[（0.508±0.219）、（0.812±0.140）g/L]（均P<0.05）;雌鼠中剂量组[（1.009±0.970）g/L]、高剂量组[（1.479±0.874）g/L]ALB含量与同性别对照组[（0.219±0.141）g/L]相比均升高（均P<0.05）,雄鼠高剂量组ALB含量[（0.840±0.278）g/L]与同性别对照组[（0.253±0.185）g/L]相比升高（P<0.01）。HE染色后发现,随着染毒剂量增加,大鼠肺泡壁逐渐增厚,中、高剂量组均出现大面积的肺泡病变,且雌鼠病变较雄鼠严重。结论 PM_2.5急性暴露会造成大鼠肺组织氧化应激损伤,PM_2.5会破坏肺泡上皮并改变肺部毛细血管通透性,并且这种损伤具有性别差异性。

关键词: 细颗粒物, 气管滴注, 氧化应激, 急性暴露

Abstract: Objective To study the pulmonary toxic effect of fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） on rats of different gender by acute exposure to PM_2.5 by tracheal instillation. Methods SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into saline control group,PM_2.5 high,medium and low dose（PM_2.5 powder dry weight of 13.5,4.5,1.5 mg/kg） groups. After tracheal instillation for seven days,dissected and calculated the lung organ coefficient. The changes of malondialdehyde（MDA）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,total protein（TP） and albumin（ALB） were detected, and hematoxylin and eosin（HE） staining were used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue. Results The coefficien to flung organs in each group increased with the increase of exposure dose,and the differences between the high-dose group of female mice[（0.758±0.263）%] and the control group[（0.530±0.026）%],the low-dose group of male mice[（0.476±0.049）%] and the female mice[（0.565±0.057）%] were statistically significant（both P<0.05）.Compared with the control group,the MDA content of female mice increased with the increase of PM_2.5 dose（P<0.05）. There was a statistically significant difference in MDA content between female mice in the high-dose group[（1.159±0.162）nmol/mgprot] and male mice[（0.865±0.155）nmol/mgprot]（P<0.05）. The TP content of male mice in the medium and high dose groups[（0.264±0.069）,（0.396±0.124）g/L] was lower than that of female mice at the same dose[（0.508±0.219）,（0.812±0.140）g/L]（both P<0.05）. The ALB content in the middle dose group[（1.009±0.970）g/L] and high dose group[（1.479±0.874）g/L] of female mice increased compared to the same sex control group[（0.219±0.141）g/L]（P<0.05）,while the ALB content in the high dose group of male mice[（0.840±0.278）g/L] increased compared to the same sex control group[（0.253±0.185）g/L]（P<0.01）. HE staining showed that with the increase of exposure dose,the alveolar wall of rats gradually thickened,and large areas of alveolar consolidation appeared in the medium and high dose groups,with female mice having more severe lesions than male mice. Conclusion Acute exposure to PM_2.5 can cause oxidative stress damage to rat lung tissue,damage alveolar epithelium,and change pulmonary capillary permeability,with gender differences in this type of damage.

Key words: PM_2.5, Intratracheal infusion, Oxidative stress, Acute exposure

中图分类号:

R-332

田亚绒, 苏德奇, 孙小宁, 吴宗振, 黄小溪. PM_2.5急性暴露对大鼠肺毒效应的研究. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(20): 2769-2773.

TIAN Yarong, SU Deqi, SUN Xiaoning, WU Zongzhen, HUANG Xiaoxi. Study on pulmonary toxic effect of acute exposure to PM_2.5 in rat. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(20): 2769-2773.

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