职业与健康 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (22): 3148-3152.

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2005—2021年武汉市新发职业病特征分析

何芳, 付文娟, 梁娇君, 陈振龙, 毛革诗   

  1. 武汉市职业病防治院职业卫生科,湖北 武汉 430015
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-06 修回日期:2023-04-24 出版日期:2023-11-15 发布日期:2026-03-26
  • 通信作者: 毛革诗,主任医师,E-mail:776779356@qq.com
  • 作者简介:何芳,女,主管医师,主要从事职业卫生与职业健康工作。

Analysis on characteristics of new occupational diseases in Wuhan City from 2005-2021

HE Fang, FU Wenjuan, LIANG Jiaojun, CHEN Zhenlong, MAO Geshi   

  1. Occupational Health Department,Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases,Wuhan Hubei 430015,China
  • Received:2023-04-06 Revised:2023-04-24 Online:2023-11-15 Published:2026-03-26
  • Contact: MAO Geshi,Chief physician,E-mail:776779356@qq.com

摘要: 目的 分析2005—2021年武汉市新发职业病发病特征,为武汉市职业病防治提供依据。方法 采用回顾性调查分析方法,收集2005—2021年武汉市新发职业病病例资料,对其基本情况及病种、行业规模、经济类型分布等进行描述分析。结果 2005—2021年武汉市共报告新发职业病8大类42种452例,病例总数从2005—2011年逐年上升,到2011、2013年出现两个高峰后呈锯齿状下降,到2019年后归于平台期。职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病居发病首位(168例,37.2%),其次为职业性化学中毒(114例,25.2%)和职业性肿瘤(73例,16.2%)。地区分布以青山区(169例,37.4%)为主。行业分布以石油/煤炭及其他燃料加工业(89例,19.7%),黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业(46例,10.2%)和通用设备制造业(42例,9.3%)为主。企业规模以大型(222例,49.1%)、小型(99例,21.9%)和中型(92例,20.4%)为主。经济类型以国有企业(234例,51.8%)和私营经济(60例,13.3%)为主。结论 2005—2021年武汉市新发职业病以职业性尘肺病、苯中毒和焦炉逸散物所致肺癌为主,应加大武汉市青山区用人单位的职业病防控力度,警惕计算机/通信和其他电子设备制造业中工人苯暴露的健康危害。

关键词: 职业病, 尘肺病, 苯中毒, 焦炉逸散物所致肺癌, 噪声聋

Abstract: Objective To analyze the incidence characteristics of new occupational diseases in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2021,provided evidence for occupational diseases prevention and treatment in Wuhan City. Methods The data on new cases of occupational diseases in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2021 were collected by retrospective survey analysis method,and a descriptive analysis on the basic situation,disease type,industry scale,and economic type distribution was conducted. Results From 2005 to 2021,a total of 452 cases of 42 kinds of new occupational diseases in eight categories were reported in Wuhan City. The total number of cases increased year by year from 2005 to 2011. After two peaks in 2011 and 2013,it decreased in a zigzag shape,and reached platform period after 2019. The occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases ranked first(168 cases,37.2%),followed by occupational chemical poisoning(114 cases,25.2%) and occupational tumors(73 cases,16.2%). The regional distribution was mainly in Qingshan District(169 cases,37.4%). The industry distribution was dominated by petroleum/coal and other fuel processing industry(89 cases,19.7%),ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry(46 cases,10.2%) and general equipment manufacturing(42 cases,9.3%). The scale of enterprises was mainly large(222 cases,49.1%),small(99 cases,21.9%) and medium(92 cases,20.4%). The economic types were mainly state-owned enterprises(234 cases,51.8%) and private economy(60 cases,13.3%). Conclusion The occupational pneumoconiosis,occupational benzene poisoning and lung cancer caused by coke oven emissions are the main new occupational diseases in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2021,so the prevention and control of occupational diseases of employers in Qingshan District should be strengthened,and it is necessary to be vigilant about the health hazards of benzene exposure among workers in the computer/communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry.

Key words: Occupational disease, Pneumoconiosis, Benzene poisoning, Lung cancer caused by coke oven exhaust, Noise deafness

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