护理人员职场欺凌在感知社会支持与组织沉默的中介效应分析

职业与健康 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (23): 3216-3220.

护理人员职场欺凌在感知社会支持与组织沉默的中介效应分析

张佳¹, 杨海侠², 韩红娜¹, 高雪妮¹

1.陕西中医药大学护理学院,陕西咸阳 712046;
2.陕西省中医医院脑病二科,陕西西安 710003

收稿日期:2023-04-06 修回日期:2023-05-09 出版日期:2023-12-01 发布日期:2026-03-26
通信作者: 杨海侠,副主任护师,E-mail：779145632@qq.com
作者简介:张佳,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为临床护理技能训练与研究。

Analysis on mediating effects of workplace bullying on perceived social support and organizational silence among nursing staff

ZHANG Jia¹, YANG Haixia², HAN Hongna¹, GAO Xueni¹

1. School of Nursing,Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Xianyang Shaanxi 712046,China;
2. Second Department of Encephalopathy,Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine,Xi'an Shaanxi 710003,China

Received:2023-04-06 Revised:2023-05-09 Online:2023-12-01 Published:2026-03-26
Contact: YANG Haixia,Deputy chief nurse,E-mail：779145632@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解职场欺凌在护理人员感知社会支持与组织沉默之间的中介作用,为改善护理人员组织沉默提供参考依据。方法 2022年4—5月,以方便抽样法抽取西安市1所三级甲等医院235名护理人员,采用一般人口学调查量表、职场欺凌量表、感知社会支持量表和组织沉默量表进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果护理人员组织沉默、感知社会支持、职场欺凌得分分别为（51.99±17.99）、（60.94±14.36）和（35.64±13.06）分。感知社会支持与组织沉默呈负相关（r=-0.297,P<0.01）,职场欺凌与组织沉默呈正相关（r=0.605,P<0.01）。职场欺凌在护理人员感知社会支持与组织沉默之间存在完全中介效应（β=-0.21,P<0.01）,中介效应占总效应比例为87.5%。结论职场欺凌是护理人员感知社会支持和组织沉默之间的中介变量,医院管理者应采取有效干预方法降低职场欺凌现象和提高护理人员感知社会支持,从而降低护理人员的组织沉默现象。

关键词: 护理人员, 职场欺凌, 感知社会支持, 组织沉默, 中介效应

Abstract: Objective To explore the mediating effect of workplace bullying on the relationship between nurses' perceived social support and organizational silence,so as to provide basis for improving nurses' organizational silence. Methods A total of 235 nurses were selected from a grade-A tertiary hospital in Xi'an City by convenience sampling from April to May 2022. The general demographic survey scale,workplace bullying scale,perceived social support scale and organizational silence scale were used for questionnaire survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of organizational silence,perceived social support and workplace bullying of nurses were （51.99±17.99）,（60.94±14.36） and （35.64±13.06）points. The perceived social support was negatively correlated with organizational silence（r=-0.297,P<0.01）,and workplace bullying was positively correlated with organizational silence（r=0.605,P<0.01）. The workplace bullying has a complete mediating effect between nurses' perceived social support and organizational silence（β=-0.21,P<0.01）,accounting for 87.5% of the total effect. Conclusion The workplace bullying is a mediating variable between nurses' perceived social support and organizational silence,so the hospital managers should take effective intervention methods to reduce workplace bullying and improve nurses' perceived social support,so as to reduce the organizational silence of nursing staff.

Key words: Nursing staff, Workplace bullying, Perceived social support, Organizing silence, Mediation effect

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺1

张佳, 杨海侠, 韩红娜, 高雪妮. 护理人员职场欺凌在感知社会支持与组织沉默的中介效应分析. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(23): 3216-3220.

ZHANG Jia, YANG Haixia, HAN Hongna, GAO Xueni. Analysis on mediating effects of workplace bullying on perceived social support and organizational silence among nursing staff. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(23): 3216-3220.

参考文献

[1] DI MARTINO V.Workplace violence in the health sector:Country case studies,brazil,bulgaria,leba-non,portugal,south africa,thailand and an additional australian study:Synthesis report[M].Geneva:WHO,2002:3-42.
[2] PURPORA C,COOPER A,SHARIFI C.The prevalence of nurses' perceived exposure to workplace bullying and its effect on nurse,patient,organization and nursing-related outcomes in clinical settings:A quantitative systematic review protocol[J].JBI Evid Synxth,2015,13(9):51-62.
[3] KARATUNA I,JÖNSSON S,MUHONEN T.Workplace bullying in the nursing profession:A cross-cultural scoping review[J].Int J Nurs Stud,2020,111:103628.
[4] CAMARGO J R C A,TSAI C L,SULLIVAN A F,et al.Safety climate and medical errors in 62 US emergency departments[J].Ann Emerg Med, 2012,60(5):555-563.
[5] 许珂. 护士心理弹性状况特点及影响因素的量性与质性研究[D].重庆:第三军医大学,2017.
[6] HEFNER J,EISENBERG D.Social support and mental health among college students[J].Am J Orth,2009,79(4):491-499.
[7] COKER A L,SMITH P H,THOMPSON M P,et al.Social support protects against the negative effects of partner violence on mental health[J].J Womens health,2002,11(5):465-476.
[8] SCHAT A C H,KELLOWAY E K.Reducing the adverse consequences of workplace aggression and violence:The buffering effects of organizational support[J].J Occup Health psychol,2003,8(2):110.
[9] NIELSEN M B,CHRISTENSEN J O,FINNE L B,et al.Workplace bullying,mental distress,and sickness absence:The protective role of social support[J].Int Arch 0ccup Environ Health,2020,93(1):43-53.
[10] SANTOS J A A D L,FALGUERA C C,FIRMO C N,et al.Impact of organizational silence and favoritism on nurses'work outcomes and psychological wellbeing[J].Nurs Forum,2020,55(4):782-792.
[11] LABRAGUE L J,DE LOS SANTOS J A.Association between nurse and hospital characteristics and org-anisational silence behaviours in nurses:A cross-sectional study[J].J Nurs Manag,2020,28(8):2196-2204.
[12] YAO Z,ZHANG X,LUO J,et al.Offense is the best defense:The impact of workplace bullying on knowledge hiding[J].J Knowl Manag, 2020,24(3):675-695.
[13] HALBESLEBEN J R B,NEVEU J P,PAUSTIAN-UNDERDAHL S C,et al.Getting to the “COR” understanding the role of resources in conservation of resources theory[J].J Manage,2014,40(5):1334-1364.
[14] 荀洪景,刘化侠,田芝丽.负性行为问卷中文版信度、效度初步检验[J].中国护理管理,2012,12(6):21-24.
[15] 李林静,高凤莉.护士群体职场欺凌测量工具与影响因素研究进展[J].中华现代护理杂志,2022,28(6):837-840.
[16] 姜乾金. 领悟社会支持量表[J].中国行为医学科学,2001,10(10):41-43.
[17] 杨晶. 护士组织沉默测评问卷的初步研制[D].太原:山西医科大学,2016.
[18] 陈洁,郑一宁.临床护士工作场所欺凌现状及影响因素研究[J].护理学杂志,2020,35(7):62-65.
[19] BAILLIEN E,CUYPER N D,WITTE H D.Job autonomy and workload as antecedents of workplace bullying:A two-wave test of Karasek's Job Demand Control Model for targets and perpetrators[J].J Occup Organ Psychol,2011,84(1):191-208.
[20] BERRY P A,GILLESPIE G L,GATES D,et al.Novice nurse productivity following workplace bullying[J].J Nurs Scholarsh,2012,44(1):80-87.
[21] LEITER M P,PRICE S L,SPENCE LASCHINGER H K.Generational differences in distress,attitudes and incivility among nurses[J].J Nurs Manag,2010,18(8):970-980.
[22] 张娟,洪静芳,刘小玉.临床一线护士领悟社会支持与职业认同感的关系:职业价值观的中介效应[J].中华现代护理杂志,2021,27(23):3117-3123.
[23] AL-HAMDAN Z,MANOJLOVICH M,TANIMA B.Jordanian nursing work environments,intent to stay,and job satisfa-ction[J].J Nurs scholarsh,2017,49(1):103-110.
[24] 尹志东,张丽敏,刘洪艳.404名肿瘤医院护士组织沉默现状及影响因素分析[J].护理学报,2020,27(1):43-46.
[25] SCHWAPPACH D,RICHARD A.Speak up-related climate and its association with healthcare workers' speaking up and withholding voice behaviours:A cross-sectional survey in Switzerland[J].BMJ Qual Saf,2018,27(10):827-835.
[26] TAKHSHA M,BARAHIMI N,ADELPANAHA,et al.The effect of workplace ostracism on knowledge sharing:The mediating role of organization-based self-esteem and organizational silence[J].J Workplace Learn,2020,32(6):417-435.
[27] TRÉPANIER S G,PETERSON C,FERNET C,et al.When workload predicts exposure to bullying behaviours in nurses:The protective role of social support and job recognition[J].J Adv Nurs,2021,77(7):3093-3103.
[28] ZAPF D,EINARSEN S.Individual antecedents of bullying[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,2010:177-200.
[29] NARAYANAN S S,ONN C A W.The influence of perceived social support and self-efficacy on resilience among first year malaysian students[J].Kaji Malays,2016,34(2):1-23.
[30] LIU X,YANG S,YAO Z.Silent Counterattack:The impact of workplace bullying on employee silence[J].Front Psychol,2020,11:572236.
[31] 温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004,36(5):614-620.