关键词: 新发尘肺病, 接尘工龄, 首诊年龄, 尘肺病防治

Abstract: Objective To analyze the characteristics of new pneumoconiosis patients in Sanming City from 2006 to 2021,so as to provide basis for improving the effectiveness of pneumoconiosis prevention and treatment. Methods The new pneumoconiosis case database in Sanming City from 2006 to 2021 was exported from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention-occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring subsystem,and the pneumoconiosis stage,gender,disease type,regional distribution,dust exposure duration and first diagnosis age were analyzed descriptively. Results There were 2 567 new cases with pneumoconiosis in Sanming City from 2006 to 2021,including 1728 cases（67.31%） with pneumoconiosis stageⅠ,548 cases（21.35%） with pneumoconiosis stageⅡand 291 cases（11.34%） with pneumoconiosis stage Ⅲ. There were 2 556 males（99.57%） and 11 females（0.43%）. The coal workers' pneumoconiosis（1 862 cases） and silicosis（642 cases） accounted for 97.55%. The regions with more cases were Datian County（1 297 cases,50.53%） and Yong'an City（997 cases,38.84%）. There were four peaks in the incidence,which were 2010,2012,2016 and 2019-2020,respectively. The average dust exposure duration of pneumoconiosis patients was 9.50（5.17,18.25）years,and the average first diagnosis age was （49.99±8.05）years old. 610 cases（23.76%） had been exposed to dust for <5 years,and 267 cases（10.40%） had the first diagnosis age ≥ 60 years old.839 cases（32.68%） were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ at the first diagnosis. The dust exposure duration of patients with pneumoconiosis stageⅡand stage Ⅲ was lower than that of patients with pneumoconiosis stageⅠ（H=428.03,535.18,both P<0.01）. The first diagnosis age of patients with pneumoconiosis stage Ⅲ was higher than that of patients with pneumoconiosis stageⅠand stageⅡ（P<0.01）. The average dust exposure duration and the average first diagnosis age of patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis were lower than those of silicosis patients（P<0.01）. Conclusion There is severe pneumoconiosis situation in Sanming City,the prevention and treatment focus on coal workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosis,and it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of areas and industries with severe dust hazards,implement occupational health monitoring and protect workers' occupational health rights and interests.

Key words: New pneumoconiosis, Dust exposure duration, First diagnosis age, Prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis