2018—2021年张家港市高温中暑病例流行病学特征及与气象因子的关系

职业与健康 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 1513-1517.

2018—2021年张家港市高温中暑病例流行病学特征及与气象因子的关系

王志刚^1,2, 张育萍³, 李娜¹, 孙震¹

1.张家港市疾病预防控制中心职业卫生科,江苏张家港 215600;
2.张家港市红十字血站站部,江苏张家港 215600;
3.张家港市气象局气象台,江苏张家港 215600

收稿日期:2023-09-03 修回日期:2023-10-23 出版日期:2024-06-01 发布日期:2026-03-13
通信作者: 张育萍,工程师,E-mail：37586585@qq.com
作者简介:王志刚,男,主任医师,主要从事职业卫生与职业病防制工作。
基金资助:
张家港市科技支撑计划社会发展项目（ZKS1714）; 张家港市卫生青年拔尖人才资助项目

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke cases and their relationship with meteorological factors in Zhangjiagang City from 2018 to 2021

WANG Zhigang^1,2, ZHANG Yuping³, LI Na¹, SUN Zhen¹

1. Occupational Health Department, Zhangjiagang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhangjiagang Jiangsu, 215600, China;
2. Station Department, Zhangjiagang Red Cross Blood Station, Zhangjiagang Jiangsu, 215600, China;
3. Meteorological Station, Zhangjiagang Meteorological Bureau, Zhangjiagang Jiangsu, 215600, China

Received:2023-09-03 Revised:2023-10-23 Online:2024-06-01 Published:2026-03-13
Contact: ZHANG Yuping,Engineer,E-mail：37586585@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析2018—2021年张家港市高温中暑病例的流行病学特征及与气象因子的关系,为政府部门制定高温中暑预防措施和控制策略提供参考依据。方法收集2018—2021年张家港市中暑病例报告信息和5—9月高温天气气象资料,并对数据进行分析。结果 2018—2021年张家港市累计报告中暑病例709例,报告总发病率为13.14/10万,其中轻症病例582例（82.09%）,重症病例127例（18.09%）,死亡6例,病死率为0.85%。中暑病例行政区划集中在经开区（杨舍镇,48.66%）,时间集中在7—8月,7月上报的病例数最多257例（36.25%）;男性538例,女性171例,男女性别比为3.15∶1。重症病例中,男性107例,女性20例,男女性别比为5.35∶1。轻症中暑男性病例数多于女性,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;男性病例平均年龄为（45.2±15.99）岁,女性病例平均年龄为（43.57±18.83）岁,年龄间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。中暑人数最多的是50~<60岁年龄组。当气温高于35 ℃,中暑病例数快速增加,以轻症中暑为主;当气温高于37 ℃,重症中暑病例的比例增加;当气温高于39 ℃,中暑病例总数呈下降趋势。结论每年的7—8月是中暑的高发月份,以男性病例为主,轻症病例多;年龄集中在30~<60岁之间。政府相关部门需要在高温天气采取积极综合措施并有效应对,以减轻高温对公众及职业人群的健康危害。

关键词: 高温, 中暑, 重症中暑, 轻症中暑

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke cases and their correlation with meteorological factors in Zhangjiagang City from 2018 to 2021,so as to provide reference for government departments to formulate preventive measures and control strategies for heat stroke. Methods The information on heat stroke cases reported in Zhangjiagang City from 2018 to 2021 and the meteorological data on high temperature weather from May to September were collected,and the data were analyzed. Results From 2018 to 2021,there were 709 heatstroke cases reported in Zhangjiagang City,with a total reported incidence rate of 13.14/100 000,including 582 cases of mild illness（82.09%）,127 cases of severe illness（18.09%）,6 deaths,and a case fatality rate of 0.85%. The administrative divisions of heatstroke cases were concentrated in the Economic Development Zone（Yangshe Town）（48.66%）,with the time concentrated from July to August,and the maximum number of reported cases in July was 257（36.25%）. There were 538 males and 171 females,with a gender ratio of 3.15 ∶ 1. Among the severe cases,there were 107 males and 20 females,with a gender ratio of 5.35 ∶ 1. The number of mild heatstroke cases in males was higher than that in females,and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The average age of male cases was （45.2±15.99）years old,while the average age of female cases was （43.57±18.83）years old,with no statistically significant difference between ages（P>0.05）. The highest number of heatstroke cases were in the age group of 50-<60. When the temperature was higher than 35 ℃,the number of heatstroke cases increased rapidly,with mild heatstroke predominating. When the temperature was higher than 37 ℃,the proportion of severe heatstroke cases increased. When the temperature was above 39 ℃,the total number of heatstroke cases showed a downward trend. Conclusion The high incidence of heatstroke occurs from July to August every year,with male cases predominating,with more mild cases occurring,and age concentrated between 30 and <60 years old. The relevant government departments need to take active and comprehensive measures and effectively respond to high temperature weather to reduce the health hazards of high temperature to the public and occupational groups.

Key words: High temperature, Heat stroke, Severe heatstroke, Mild heatstroke

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺4

王志刚, 张育萍, 李娜, 孙震. 2018—2021年张家港市高温中暑病例流行病学特征及与气象因子的关系. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(11): 1513-1517.

WANG Zhigang, ZHANG Yuping, LI Na, SUN Zhen. Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke cases and their relationship with meteorological factors in Zhangjiagang City from 2018 to 2021. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(11): 1513-1517.

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