关键词: 石材加工, 矽尘, 噪声, 半定量风险评估, 作业分级

Abstract: Objective To understand the status of occupational hazards caused by dust and noise in stone processing industry in Dalian City,protect the occupational health of workers,and provide basis and suggestions for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in this industry. Methods From March to August 2023,140 stone processing enterprises in Dalian City were randomly selected to conduct an occupational health field survey and occupational disease hazard factor detection. The risk level of exposure to silica dust and noise hazards in stone processing enterprises in Dalian City was evaluated through semi-quantitative risk assessment method,job grading and other methods. Results All of the 140 stone processing enterprises were private small and micro enterprises,using granite as the raw material. The content of free silica ranged from 10.21% to 56.50%,all of which were silica dust. Totally 277 samples of silicon dust and noise were collected,with exceeding rates of 83.39% and 90.61%,respectively. The exceeding rate of silicon dust concentration and noise intensity was slightly different among different positions. The highest（94.44%） of silicon dust was in the big cut position,and the lowest（14.29%） was in the water mill position,the noise was highest in the big cut positions（97.83%）,and lower in the water mill positions（71.43%） . The overall occupational health risk for positions exposed to silicon dust in 140 enterprises was extremely high,especially for positions with big cut,small cut and polishing,accounting for 58.70%,48.45% and 58.00%,respectively. The classification of silica dust was mainly "Moderate hazard"（64.98%）,while that of noise was "Severe hazard"（36.46%）. The allocation rate of protective equipment（66.43%）,protective equipment allocation rate（68.57%） and occupational health examination rate（6.49%） were relatively low. Conclusion The hazards of dust and noise in the stone processing industry in Dalian City are relatively serious. It is necessary to further strengthen the occupational health management of enterprises,do a good job in occupational health monitoring,equip workers with personal protective equipment that meets standards according to requirements,and urge workers to do personal protection well. At the same time,occupational health supervision and management in the stone processing industry should be strengthened.

Key words: Stone processing, Silica dust, Noise, Semi-quantitative risk assessment, Job grading