关键词: 铁路职工, 膳食营养, 膳食干预, 膳食平衡

Abstract: Objective To evaluate and analyze the changes of nutritional cognition,behavior and dietary nutrition intake of Xinjiang railway workers before and after dietary nutrition intervention by means of questionnaire survey on nutritional knowledge,attitude,behavior and dietary nutrition intake of railway workers,and to evaluate the effects of dietary nutrition intervention,so as to provide reference for guiding railway workers to provide scientific meals and reasonable diets. Methods From May to August 2023,a random sample of 119 males and 96 females aged 18-49 were selected from the canteen and dining staff of a railway station as the research subjects. The nutritional cognition and behavior of railway staff was investigated by dietary nutrition KAP questionnaire,and the dietary nutrient intake of railway staff was investigated by food weighing and accounting method and 24-hour dietary review method. Dietary nutrition intervention for railway workers was carried out by means of dietary nutrition education,and the effects before and after intervention were compared and analyzed. Results The average score of general nutrition knowledge in the questionnaire survey of Xinjiang railway employees were （10.16±1.95）points before intervention and （14.86±0.54）points after intervention,the average score of nutrition attitude were （12.63±3.13）points before intervention and （23.87±0.37）points after intervention,the average scores of nutritional behavior were （29.16±2.95）points before intervention and （41.25±5.64）points after intervention,the average total scores were （59.13±3.54）points before intervention and （84.19±7.42）points after intervention,and the differences before and after intervention were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Before the dietary nutrition intervention for railway workers,there was an unbalanced food intake,uncoordinated intake ratio of the three productive nutrients,and insufficient intake of most vitamins and minerals. After the intervention,there was a significant improvement in the proportion of nutrient intake in the three major production capacities and vitamins and minerals,reaching the recommended range of the "2013 Chinese Dietary Reference Intake for Residents" and the "2022 Chinese Dietary Guidelines for Residents". Conclusion Railway workers have a high recognition of promoting physical health and improving work efficiency through reasonable dietary nutrition,but at the same time,there are many unreasonable dietary behaviors. Through dietary nutrition intervention,it can obviously enrich the dietary nutrition knowledge of railway workers,improve the dietary nutrition attitude,improve the dietary nutrition behavior,and achieve the goal of reasonable diet and balanced nutrition.

Key words: Railway workers, Dietary nutrition, Dietary intervention, Dietary balance