2020—2022年呼和浩特市城区大气PM2.5中5种水溶性离子污染特征分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解2020—2022年呼和浩特城区大气中5种水溶性细颗粒物（fine particulate matter,PM_2.5）离子NO₃^-、NH₄⁺、F^-、Cl^-及SO₄^2-的污染水平,根据污染来源特征评价污染治理综合状况。方法以2020—2022年每月10—16日所采集的252天的大气PM_2.5样品为研究对象,测定2020—2022年呼和浩特市城区5种大气PM_2.5标志性无机离子NO₃^-、NH₄⁺、F^-、Cl^-及SO₄^2-的平均质量浓度。结果 2020—2022年呼和浩特市5种大气PM_2.5标志性无机离子平均浓度：NO₃^-为4.56 μg/m³,NH₄⁺为2.83 μg/m³,F^-为0.10 μg/m³,Cl^-为0.86 μg/m³,SO₄^2-为4.05 μg/m³。Cl^-、NH₄⁺及NO₃^-质量浓度的年度差异均有统计学意义（χ²=8.13、10.24、9.79,均P<0.05）,NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺和Cl^-质量浓度的季节性差异均有统计学意义（ χ²=26.34、29.88、27.65和68.01,均P<0.05）。NO₃^-、SO₄^2-及NH₄⁺具有高度相关性,趋于二次结合产生NH₄NO₃、（NH₄）₂SO₄及（NH₄）HSO₄。并且,SO₄^2-及NO₃^-能够被NH₄⁺完全中和,其中SO₄^2-较NO₃^-更易发生二次氧化反应。结论 2020—2022年呼和浩特市大气PM_2.5及水溶性离子浓度水平状况良好,废气排放综合状况压力较大,环境大气PM_2.5治理状况优秀。

关键词: 水溶性离子, 细颗粒物, 污染特征, 呼和浩特市

Abstract: Objective To investigate the pollution levels of five water-soluble fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） ions,including NO₃^-,NH₄⁺,F^-,Cl^- and SO₄^2-,in the atmosphere of Hohhot urban area from 2020 to 2022,evaluate the comprehensive status of pollution control according to the characteristics of pollution sources. Methods The 252 days of atmospheric PM_2.5 samples collected from the 10th to the 16th of each month from 2020 to 2022 were taken as the research object. The average mass concentrations of NO₃^-,NH₄⁺,F^-,Cl^- and SO₄^2- were measured,which are the five typical inorganic ions in atmospheric PM_2.5 in urban areas of Hohhot from 2020 to 2022. Results The average concentrations of five typical inorganic ions in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Hohhot from 2020 to 2022 were 4.56 μg/m³ for NO₃^-,2.83 μg/m³ for NH₄⁺,0.10 μg/m³ for F^-,0.86 μg/m³ for Cl^- and 4.05 μg/m³ for SO₄^2-. There were statistically significant differences in the mass concentration of Cl^-,NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- among years（χ²=8.13,10.24,9.79,all P<0.05）,and there were statistically significant differences in the mass concentration of NO₃^-,SO₄^2-,NH₄⁺ and Cl^- among seasons（χ²=26.34,29.88,27.65,68.01,all P<0.05）. NO₃^-,SO₄^2- and NH₄⁺ were highly correlated and tend to bind to produce NH₄NO₃,（NH₄）₂SO₄ and （NH₄）HSO₄. Moreover,SO₄^2- and NO₃^- could be completely neutralized by NH₄⁺,and SO₄^2- was more prone to secondary oxidation than NO₃^-. Conclusion From 2020 to 2022,Hohhot has a good atmospheric PM_2.5 and water-soluble ion concentration level,a large pressure on the comprehensive status of exhaust emissions,and excellent environmental atmospheric control.

Key words: Water-soluble ions, Fine particulate matter, Pollution characteristics, Hohhot

中图分类号:

R122.1

闫爱云, 张海燕, 蔡宇, 图雅, 王谱钧. 2020—2022年呼和浩特市城区大气PM_2.5中5种水溶性离子污染特征分析. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(17): 2400-2404.

YAN Aiyun, ZHANG Haiyan, CAI Yu, TU Ya, WANG Pujun. Analysis on pollution characteristics of five water-soluble ions in atmospheric PM_2.5 in urban areas of Hohhot from 2020 to 2022. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(17): 2400-2404.

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