关键词: 公共场所, 集中空调, 卫生监督, 危险因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the influencing factors of the hygiene status of centralized air conditioning ventilation systems in public places,and provide reference for effectively improving the hygiene status of centralized air conditioning and ventilation systems in public places. Methods From January to December 2022,17 public places using centralized air conditioning ventilation systems were selected in the main urban area of Ma'anshan City. Samples were collected,tested,and evaluated according to GB/T 18204.5-2013 "Public Health Inspection Methods Part 5-Centralized Air Conditioning Ventilation Systems",and a generalized estimation model was used for data analysis. Results A total of 246 samples of centralized air conditioning ventilation systems were collected from 17 public places,of which 203 were qualified,with a qualification rate of 82.52%. A total of 159 samples were taken from the internal surfaces of centralized air conditioning ventilation ducts,with an overall compliance rate of 79.87%. Among them,the qualified rate of total bacterial count was 54.72%,and the qualified rate of total fungal count was 70.44%. A total of 53 samples were obtained from the air outlets of air conditioning units,showing a high compliance rate of 96.23%. Among them,the qualified rate of total bacterial count was 24.53%,the qualified rate of total fungal count was 47.17%,and the qualified rate of β-hemolytic streptococcus was 94.34%. The results of the generalized estimation model showed that the qualified rate of total bacterial count in air conditioning in shopping malls（supermarkets） was significantly higher than that in hotels（OR=5.287,95%CI：1.108-25.232）. The qualified rate of total bacterial count for air conditioners with a service life of >5 years was significantly lower than that for those with 0-≤5 years（OR=0.160,95%CI：0.036-0.716）. The qualified rate of total bacterial count for air duct cleaning >2 times/year was significantly lower than that for 0-≤1 time/year（OR=0.265,95%CI：0.117-0.605）. The qualified rate of total bacterial count in small（<300RT） cooling towers was significantly lower than that in large（>500RT） cooling towers（OR=0.16,95%CI：0.036-0.717）. The qualified rate of total fungal count in places with 2 sets of air conditioning was significantly higher than that in places with 1 set of air conditioning（OR=2.288,95%CI：1.069-4.896）. The qualification rate for total fungal count in buildings housing or adjacent to（within 300 meters） cooling towers in areas with moderately high foot traffic was significantly higher than in buildings similarly situated but in areas with very high foot traffic（OR=1.914,95%CI：1.132-3.234）. Conclusion This study has unveiled the primary influencing factors on the hygiene status of centralized air conditioning ventilation systems in public places,which holds significant implications for guiding improvements in their sanitary conditions.

Key words: Public places, Centralized air conditioning, Health supervision, Risk factors