基于DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC法的黑色金属冶炼企业职业卫生风险因素研究

职业与健康 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (21): 2893-2899.

基于DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC法的黑色金属冶炼企业职业卫生风险因素研究

王陆阳^a, 赵旭鹏^b, 张晓军^b, 毕明丽^a, 王晓舜^a, 丁晓文^a

北京市化工职业病防治院 a职业健康研究所,b职业卫生室,北京 100093

收稿日期:2024-05-18 修回日期:2024-06-03 出版日期:2024-11-01 发布日期:2026-04-09
通信作者: 丁晓文,研究员,E-mail：dxwen1124@163.com
作者简介:王陆阳,男,工程师,主要从事劳动卫生与职业健康研究工作。
基金资助:
首都卫生发展科研专项（首发2024-2-3103）; 国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室开放课题资助项目（KLECDH2023030201）

Study on occupational health risk factors in ferrous metal smelting enterprises based on DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC

WANG Luyang^a, ZHAO Xupeng^b, ZHANG Xiaojun^b, BI Mingli^a, WANG Xiaoshun^a, DING Xiaowen^a

a Institute of Occupational Health, b Occupational Health Unit,Beijing Chemical Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute,Beijing 100093,China

Received:2024-05-18 Revised:2024-06-03 Online:2024-11-01 Published:2026-04-09
Contact: DING Xiaowen,Researcher,E-mail：dxwen1124@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析黑色金属冶炼企业职业卫生风险因素间的逻辑关系、层级结构和属性特征,为进一步控制和降低职业卫生风险提供依据。方法对2020—2022年广东省某大型钢铁生产企业职业病危害因素检测与评价报告、职业卫生监督检查记录和同行业职业病危害事故调查报告涉及的职业卫生风险因素进行三级编码提取,运用决策实验室分析法（decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory,DEMATEL）定量分析各风险因素之间的关联特征,应用解释结构模型（interpretative structural modeling method,ISM）分析风险因素的层级特征并建立多层结构模型,结合交叉影响矩阵相乘法（matrices impacts croises-multiplication appliance classement,MICMAC）分析风险因素的属性特征。结果确定21个黑色金属冶炼企业职业卫生风险因素,9个风险因素原因度<0,为原因因素,其余为结果因素。职业卫生风险因素从上到下划分为6层,其中职业卫生管理机构缺陷、法规政策不健全、行政监管不到位、职业卫生培训不足是影响黑色金属冶炼企业职业卫生风险的根源因素,也是驱动力最强的因素。职业健康素养不高、产害点位浓（强）度超标、有害物质意外泄漏、职业禁忌证未调离是黑色金属冶炼企业发生职业危害事故的直接因素。结论黑色金属冶炼企业的职业危害事故是由一个6层21个风险因素构成的复杂系统共同作用的结果。应优先控制可能导致职业危害事故的直接因素,同时确保间接因素的正向传递,阻断负向传递,对中心度和驱动力较高的关键根源因素应给予高度重视。

关键词: 黑色金属冶炼, 职业卫生风险, 决策实验室分析, 解释结构模型

Abstract: Objective To analyze the logical relationship,hierarchical structure and attribute characteristics of occupational health risk factors in ferrous metal smelting enterprises,and to provide basis for further control and reduction of occupational health risk. Methods Three level coding extraction was performed on the occupational health risk factors involved in the detection and evaluation report of occupational health hazard factors,the occupational health supervision and inspection record and the occupational disease hazard accident investigation report in a large iron and steel production enterprise in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2022. Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory（DEMATEL） was used to quantitatively analyze the correlation characteristics among various risk factors. Interpretative structural modeling method（ISM） was applied to analyze the hierarchical characteristics of risk factors and establish a multi-layer structural model. Attribute characteristics of risk factors were analyzed using matrices impacts croises-multiplication appliance classement（MICMAC）. Results Totally 21 occupational health risk factors in ferrous metal smelting enterprises were identified,9 risk factors were cause factors,with cause degree <0,and the rest were result factors. Occupational health risk factors were divided into 6 levels from top to bottom. Among them,the defects of occupational health management institutions,imperfect laws and regulations,inadequate administrative supervision,and insufficient occupational health training were the root factors affecting the occupational health risk of ferrous metal smelting enterprises,and they were also the strongest driving factors. The direct factors of occupational hazard accidents in ferrous metal smelting enterprises were low occupational health literacy,excessive concentration（strength） of harmful substances,accidental leakage of harmful substances,and failure to transfer occupational contraindications. Conclusion The occupational hazard accidents in ferrous metal smelting enterprises are the result of a complex system composed of 6 layers and 21 risk factors. Priority should be given to controlling the direct factors that may lead to occupational hazard accidents,while ensuring the positive transmission of indirect factors and blocking the negative transmission. Great attention should be paid to the key root factors with high centrality and driving force.

Key words: Ferrous metal smelting, Occupational health risk, Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory, Interpretative structural modeling method

中图分类号:

R134⁺.2

王陆阳, 赵旭鹏, 张晓军, 毕明丽, 王晓舜, 丁晓文. 基于DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC法的黑色金属冶炼企业职业卫生风险因素研究. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(21): 2893-2899.

WANG Luyang, ZHAO Xupeng, ZHANG Xiaojun, BI Mingli, WANG Xiaoshun, DING Xiaowen. Study on occupational health risk factors in ferrous metal smelting enterprises based on DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(21): 2893-2899.

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