2018—2022年晋中市农村饮用水中氟化物监测结果及健康风险

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解晋中市农村饮用水中氟化物含量及其健康风险状况,为农村饮用水安全管理工作以及饮水型地方性氟中毒改水防治工作提供技术支持。方法按照GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》评价2018—2022年晋中市农村饮用水中氟化物浓度的监测结果,分析晋中市农村饮用水中氟化物的合格率及浓度分布,对氟化物的健康风险进行非致癌物风险评估。结果 2018—2022年共监测晋中市农村饮用水水样3 946份,其中氟化物合格3 847份,合格率为97.49%,浓度范围在0.05~5.20 mg/L,中位数为0.41 mg/L,氟化物浓度<0.5 mg/L的水样份数最多,占比67.56%。不同年份、水源类型、供水方式间氟化物合格率比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=12.806、55.336、11 838.000,均P<0.05）;不同采样水期、水样类型间氟化物合格率比较,差异均无统计学意义（χ²=1.254、2.224,均P>0.05）;不同年份、采样水期、水样类型、水源分类、供水方式间氟化物浓度分布比较,差异均有统计学意义（Z=12.806、6.506、35.082、361.329、20.430,均P<0.05）,氟化物通过饮水途径产生的非致癌健康风险男性>女性、儿童>成人。结论晋中市农村饮用水中氟化物非致癌健康风险处于较低水平,少数地区饮用水中仍存在氟化物超标,应继续加强农村饮用水和地方性氟中毒的定期监测,同时关注低氟地区儿童龋齿的流行以及高氟地区氟斑牙和氟骨症的发生。

关键词: 农村, 饮用水, 氟化物, 健康风险

Abstract: Objective To understand the fluoride content and health risk in rural drinking water in Jinzhong,and provide technical support for the management of rural drinking water safety and the prevention and control of drinking water endemic fluorosis. Methods To evaluate the monitoring results of fluoride concentration in rural drinking water in Jinzhong during 2018 to 2022 according to GB 5749-2006 "Hygienic standard for drinking water". The qualification rate and concentration distribution of fluoride in rural drinking water in Jinzhong City were analyzed,and a non-carcinogenic risk assessment were conducted on the health risks of fluoridec. Results From 2018 to 2022,a total of 3 946 rural drinking water samples in Jinzhong were monitored,of which 3 847 specimens were qualified for fluoride,with a qualified rate of 97.49%. The concentration range spanned from 0.05 to 5.20 mg/L,with a median being 0.41 mg/L. The number of water samples with fluoride concentration <0.5 mg/L was the highest,accounting for 67.56%. There were statistically significant differences in the fluoride qualification rate between different years,water source types,and water supply methods（χ²=12.806,55.336,11 838.000,all P<0.05）. However,there were no statistically significant differences in the fluoride qualification rate between different sampling periods and water sample types（χ²=1.254,2.224, both P>0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in fluoride concentration distribution among different years,sampling water periods,water sample types,water source classifications,and water supply methods（Z=12.806,6.506,35.082,361.329,20.430, all P<0.05）. The non-carcinogenic health risks of fluoride produced through drinking water routes were higher in males than females and in children than in adults. Conclusion The non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in drinking water in rural drinking water in Jinzhong is situated at a relatively low level,and fluoride levels still exceed the standard in some areas. Periodic monitoring of rural drinking water and endemic fluorosis should be consistently enhanced,and attention should be paid to the prevalence of dental caries among children in low-fluoride zones,and to the incidence of dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis in high-fluoride regions.

Key words: Rural area, Drinking water, Fluoride, Health risk

中图分类号:

R123.9

孙瑞贞, 任英瑜, 皇甫素慧, 李静虹. 2018—2022年晋中市农村饮用水中氟化物监测结果及健康风险. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(21): 2971-2975.

SUN Ruizhen, REN Yingyu, HUANGFU Suhui, LI Jinghong. Monitoring results and health risks of fluoride in rural drinking water in Jinzhong City from 2018 to 2022. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(21): 2971-2975.

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