关键词: 职业卫生, 噪声危害, 现状分析

Abstract: Objective To investigate the current situation of noise hazards in workplaces of employing units in Haikou City,understand the distribution and exposure of noise workers in the city,and provide technical basis for noise hazard prevention and control strategies. Methods The application data of noise hazards related employing units in Haikou City in 2022 were exported from the "Occupational disease hazard project application system",and the occupational health examination data during the noise operation period in 2022 were exported from the "Occupational disease and health hazard factor monitoring information system". The relevant information was extracted to analyze its epidemiological characteristics. Results There were 319 employing units in Haikou City who engage in noise hazard operations,mainly distributed in Xiuying District（122,38.24%） and Longhua District（94,29.47%）,with small,micro,limited liability companies and manufacturing as the main types,which accounted for 54.23%,37.62%,44.20% and 54.86%,respectively. The limited liability companies（3 027 people,45.53%） and manufacturing companies（4 828 people,72.61%） had the highest number of people exposed to noise. There were statistically significant differences in the noise exposure rates among different regions,scales,economic types,and industries（all P<0.05）. The workplace noise hazard testing was conducted in 294 employing units,with 1 830 detection points and 158 exceeding standard points,and the over-standard rate was 8.63%. There were statistically significant differences in the over-standard rate among different regions,scales,economic types,and industry classifications（all P<0.05）. A total of 31 055 people were exposed to occupational hazards,of which 6 649 were workers exposed to noise,accounting for 21.41%. In 2022,a total of 4 224 people underwent occupational health examinations for noise work,and 607 people had abnormal high-frequency average hearing thresholds in both ears,with an abnormal rate of 14.37%. Conclusions The noise hazards mainly exist in manufacturing enterprises such as small and micro enterprises and limited liability companies. The people exposed to noise hazards is mainly in small and medium-sized enterprises,with a high exposure rate.The abnormal rate of average high-frequency hearing thresholds in occupational health examinations is also high. It is necessary to focus on strengthening noise monitoring in small and medium-sized enterprises and manufacturing industry,and attach importance to the management of population with high-frequency hearing abnormalities.

Key words: Occupational health, Noise hazards, Current situation analysis