武汉市某园区客服人员佩戴耳机对听力的影响及危险因素

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解客服人员佩戴耳机对听力的影响,进一步探讨听力损失的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样方法,选取2021年10月—2023年3月武汉大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊就诊及通过宣传进行听力检测的某园区客服人员173人作为观察组,根据耳机使用年限可分为3个亚组,0~<3年组36人（72耳）,3~<5年组51人（102耳）,≥5年组86人（152耳）。在观察组人员所在企业中选取不接触职业病危害因素的文职人员52人作为对照组,比较4组的听力情况,同时探究听力损失的危险因素。结果纯音测听结果显示,观察组173人中有14人发生了不同程度感音性听力损失,占受检者的8.2%,轻度听力下降的有12人,中度听力下降有1人,重度听力下降1人。观察组0~<3年组与对照组各频率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,观察组3~<5年组与≥5年组的听阈在2.0~8.0 kHz与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）,观察组各亚组之间的听阈比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。客服人员自述症状及听力情况占比最高的前2位是“有时候能听到同事说话,却听不清楚说什么”（占36.41%）和“耳鸣”（占35.26%）,听力损失与使用耳机音量有关,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。随着频率的上升,观察组中听力受损耳数增加,而观察组3~<5年组受损耳数多于≥5年组,这可能与每天使用耳机音量≥70%有关。结论客服人员使用耳机主要引起高频听力下降,同时可能引起言语识别率下降和耳鸣,客服人员使用耳机时间≥3年、音量≥70%是客服人员使用耳机引起听力损失的危险因素。

关键词: 客服人员, 耳机, 听力损失, 危险因素

Abstract: Objective To understand the influence of headphones on the hearing of customer service staff,and further explore the influencing factors of hearing loss. Methods By the convenient sampling method,173 customer service staff from a park who visited the Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,from October 2021 to March 2023 and conducted hearing detection through publicity were selected as the observation group. According to the years of use of headphones,they were divided into three subgroups：36 people in the 0-<3 year group（72 ears）,51 people in the 3-<5 year group（102 ears） and 86 people in the ≥5 year group（152 ears）.52 civilian workers who were not exposed to occupational hazards in the observation group enterprises were selected as the control group. The hearing status of the four groups was compared,and the risk factors for hearing loss were explored. Results The results of pure tone audiometry showed that 14 out of 173 people in the observation group experienced varying degrees of sensorineural hearing loss,accounting for 8.2% of those examined. There was no statistically significant difference in each frequency between the 0-<3 years group and the control group（P>0.05）. There were stati stically significant differences in the hearing threshold at 2.0-8.0 kHz between the 3-<5 years group and ≥5 years group in the observation group and the control group（P<0.05）.There were statistically significant differences in hearing threshold among different subgroups in the observation group（all P<0.05）.The top two highest percentage of self-reported symptoms and hearing conditions of customer service personnel were "sometimes they could hear their coworkers talking but could not hear what was being said clearly"（36.41%）,and "tinnitus"（35.26%）. The hearing damage was related to the volume of headphones used,and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.The number of hearing-impaired ears increased in the observation group as the frequency rose,and the number of impaired ears in the 3-<5 years group in the observation group was more than that in the ≥5 years group,which may be related to the use of headphone volume ≥70% per day. Conclusions The use of earphones by customer service staff mainly causes high-frequency hearing loss,and may also lead to decreased speech recognition rate and tinnitus. The use of headphones by customer service staff for ≥3 years,and the volume ≥70% are risk factors for hearing loss caused by the use of headphones by customer service staff.

Key words: Customer service staff, Headphones, Hearing loss, Risk factor

中图分类号:

R135.8

邢月秋, 欧阳艳琼. 武汉市某园区客服人员佩戴耳机对听力的影响及危险因素. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(22): 3046-3050.

XING Yueqiu, OUYANG Yanqiong. Influence and risk factors on hearing of customer service staff wearing headphones in a park in Wuhan City. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(22): 3046-3050.

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