2019—2023年北京市石景山区6月龄~5岁儿童流感疫苗接种率及安全性分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析北京市石景山区6月龄~5岁儿童流感疫苗接种及接种后疑似预防接种异常反应（adverse event following immunization,AEFI）情况,更好地为儿童流感疫情防控及流感疫苗的接种工作提供参考依据。方法通过北京市免疫规划信息管理系统及中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2019年9月—2023年3月北京市石景山区6月龄~5岁儿童流感疫苗接种数据,并对数据进行分析。结果 2019—2023 年北京市石景山区6月龄~5岁儿童流感疫苗接种共计7 566人,10 347剂次,年均接种率为7.06%,4年间各年接种率在2.00%~9.90%之间,不同年度接种率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,接种率有逐年增高的趋势（χ²_趋势=1 472.596,P<0.05）;男女接种比例为1.06 ∶ 1,男女接种率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同年龄段接种率呈逐年增高趋势（χ²_趋势=3 336.878,P<0.05）,不同年度、年龄段人群接种率比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;东部、中部、西部6月龄~5岁儿童接种率分别为8.97%、8.06%和3.22%,3个区域接种率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且接种率由西向东呈现逐渐增高的趋势（χ²_趋势=664.323,P<0.05）,不同年度、区域接种率比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;6月龄~5岁儿童流感疫苗AEFI 5例（占 2.87%）,报告发生率为48.32/10万剂次。结论 2019—2023 年北京市石景山区6月龄~5岁儿童流感疫苗接种率较低,AEFI报告率明显高于其他人群,需进一步加大宣传教育,引导家长形成正确的认知,提高流感疫苗的接种率,同时需提升工作人员业务水平,以降低AEFI的发生率。

关键词: 儿童, 流感疫苗, 接种率, 疑似预防接种异常反应, 安全性

Abstract: Objective To analyze the situation of influenza vaccination and adverse event following immunization（AEFI） in children aged 6 months to 5 years old in Shijingshan District of Beijing from 2019 to 2023,in order to provide better reference for the prevention and control of influenza epidemics in children and the vaccination of influenza vaccines. Methods The influenza vaccination data of children aged 6 months to 5 years in Shijingshan District of Beijing from September 2019 to March 2023 were collected and analyzed through Beijing Immunization Planning Information Management System and the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Results From 2019 to 2023,a total of 7 566 children aged 6 months to 5 years old in Shijingshan District of Beijing were vaccinated with influenza vaccine,with 10 347 doses administered. The average annual vaccination rate was 7.06%,and the vaccination rate ranged from 2.00% to 9.90% in each year over the four-year period. The difference in vaccination rate between different years was statistically significant（P<0.05）,and the vaccination rate showed a trend of increasing year by year（χ²_trend=1 472.596,P<0.05）. The vaccination ratio of male to female students was 1.06 ∶ 1,and there was a statistically significant difference in the vaccination rate between males and females（P<0.05）. The vaccination rates of different age groups showed an increasing trend year by year（χ²_trend=3 336.878,P<0.05）,and there were statistically significant differences in vaccination rates among different age groups in different years（P<0.05）. The vaccination rates for children aged 6 months to 5 years in the eastern, central,and western regions were 8.97%,8.06%,and 3.22%,respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in vaccination rates among the three regions（P<0.05）,and the vaccination rates showed a gradually increasing trend from west to east（χ²_trend=664.323,P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in vaccination rates among different regions in different years（all P<0.05）. Five cases（2.87%） of influenza vaccine AEFI were reported in children aged 6 months to 5 years,with a reported incidence rate of 48.32/100 000 doses. Conclusion The vaccination rate of influenza vaccine in 6 month to 5 year old children group in Shijingshan District of Beijing from 2019 to 2023 is relatively low,and AEFI reporting rate is significantly higher than other populations. It is necessary to further strengthen publicity and education to help children and their parents form a correct understanding,so as to increase the influenza vaccination rate,and also to improve the professional quality of staff to reduce the occurrence of AEFI.

Key words: Children, Influenza vaccine, Vaccination rate, Adverse event following immunization, Safety

中图分类号:

R186

孙立昆, 史曼丽, 孙蕾, 李艳辉. 2019—2023年北京市石景山区6月龄~5岁儿童流感疫苗接种率及安全性分析. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(23): 3219-3222.

SUN Likun, SHI Manli, SUN Lei, LI Yanhui. Analysis of influenza vaccination rate and safety of children aged 6 months to 5 years in Shijingshan District of Beijing from 2019 to 2023. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(23): 3219-3222.

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