江油市4家县级医院临床护士职业倦怠、D型人格与情绪智力的相关性分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨县级医院临床护士情绪智力在职业倦怠与D型人格间的中介效应,为护理管理者制定针对性措施提供科学依据。方法 2022年1—3月采用一般资料问卷、职业倦怠问卷、D型人格量表、情绪智力量表对江油市4所县级医院的1 181名护理人员进行调查。结果临床护士职业倦怠得分为（54.73±24.50）分,出现职业倦怠612人,占51.82%,情绪智力得分为（64.01±16.57）分,D型人格得分为（16.29±8.98）分,D型人格检出率为34.21%。不同年龄、工龄、所在科室、医院等级、层级、职称、婚姻状态、最高学历、夜班轮值及专科/进修的临床护士职业倦怠评分比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;不同年龄、工龄、所在科室、层级、医院等级、最高学历及参与夜班轮值的临床护士D型人格评分比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;不同科室的情绪智力评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。D型人格各维度及总分与职业倦怠各维度及总分呈正相关（均P<0.01）,情绪智力各维度得分及总分与职业倦怠各维度及总分均呈负相关（均P<0.01）。情绪智力在D型人格与职业倦怠间的中介效应为0.233,95%CI为0.156~0.271（P<0.05）;总效应为0.678,95%CI为0.521~0.748（P<0.05）,中介效应占总效应的 34.4%。结论县级医院临床护士职业倦怠水平较高,情绪智力在职业倦怠与D型人格间存在中介效应。护理管理者应该根据护士人格特征制定干预措施,以提升其情绪智力水平,维持心理健康状态,促进团队稳定发展。

关键词: D型人格, 情绪智力, 职业倦怠, 护士, 中介效应

Abstract: Objective To explore the mediating effect of emotional intelligence between job burnout and D-type personality among clinical nurses in county-level hospitals,provide scientific basis for nursing managers to formulate targeted measures. Methods From January to March 2022,1 181 nurses in four county-level hospitals in Jiangyou City were surveyed by using general information questionnaire,job burnout questionnaire,D-type personality scale,and emotional intelligence scale. Results The job burnout score of clinical nurses was （54.33±24.50）points,and 612（51.82%） had job burnout. The emotional intelligence score was （64.01±16.57）points,the D-type personality score was （16.29±8.98）points,and the detection rate of D-type personality was 34.21%. There were statistically significant differences in the job burnout scores among clinical nurses with different age,length of service,department,hospital level,rank,professional title,marital status,highest education,night shift,specialist/further training（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the D-type personality scores among clinical nurses with age,years of service,department,rank,hospital level,highest education,and participation in night shift（all P<0.05）. There was statistically significant difference in emotional intelligence score among clinical nurses in different departments（P<0.05）. The total score and dimension score of D-type personality were positively correlated with total score and dimension score of job burnout（all P<0.05）,the total score and dimension score of emotional intelligence were negatively correlated with total score and dimension score of job burnout（all P<0.05）. The mediating effect of emotional intelligence between D-type personality and job burnout was 0.233,95%CI was 0.156-0.271（P<0.05）,the total effect was 0.678,95%CI was 0.521-0.748（P<0.05）,and the mediating effect accounted for 34.4% of the total effect. Conclusions The clinical nurses in county-level hospitals have a higher level of job burnout,and emotional intelligence has a mediating effect between job burnout and D-type personality. The nursing managers should formulate intervention measures according to the personality characteristics of nurses to improve their emotional intelligence level,maintain their mental health,and promote the stable development of the team.

Key words: D-type personality, Emotional intelligence, Job burnout, Nurse, Mediating effect

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺1

胡建蓉, 周玥杉, 张丹, 刘江玲. 江油市4家县级医院临床护士职业倦怠、D型人格与情绪智力的相关性分析. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(5): 592-596.

HU Jianrong, ZHOU Yueshan, ZHANG Dan, LIU Jiangling. Correlation analysis of occupational burnout,D-type personality and emotional intelligence among clinical nurses in four county-level hospitals in Jiangyou City. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(5): 592-596.

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