关键词: 噪声, 听力损失, 海拔

Abstract: Objective To investigate the hearing loss and influencing factors of power generation operation shift workers above an altitude of 2 500 meters. Methods By the random sampling method,the power generation operation shift workers who underwent health checks at Sichuan Electric Power Hospital from January 1,2019 to December 31,2022 were selected as the study subjects,and were divided into group A（high altitude group,altitude >2 500 meters） and group B（low altitude group,altitude <1 000 meters） according to the altitude of workplace,to conduct pure tone hearing threshold examination and analyze the hearing loss situation and influencing factors of workers in high altitude. Results A total of 342（684 ears） of noise-exposed workers were included in this study,with a hearing loss detection rate of 68.1%,including a binaural hearing loss detection rate of 47.4%. The mean hearing thresholds at 0.5,3.0,6.0 kHz and high frequency were higher in the high altitude group than in the low altitude group,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The hearing loss detection rates at 0.5,6.0 kHz speech frequency and high frequency were higher in the high altitude group than in the low altitude group,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The mean hearing thresholds at 3.0,4.0,6.0 kHz and high frequency were significantly higher in the male subjects in the high altitude group than in the female subjects（all P<0.01）. The trend χ² test showed a linear trend between the number of years of service at 0.5,1.0,2.0,6.0 kHz speech frequency and high frequency noise exposure and the detection rate of hearing loss（all P<0.05）. The risk of hearing loss was respectively 1.966,1.432,1.964 and 2.102 times higher at 0.5,6.0 kHz,speech frequency and high frequency in the high altitude group than in the low altitude group. Conclusion The high altitude is a contributing factor to hearing loss,the mean hearing threshold of male is higher than that of female subjects,there is a correlation between the number of years of noise-receiving work and the detection rate of hearing loss,while there is no significant difference in the effect of left or right ear on hearing loss.

Key words: Noise, Hearing loss, Altitude