1949—2022年保定市职业性尘肺病流行特点分析

职业与健康 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 1129-1132.

1949—2022年保定市职业性尘肺病流行特点分析

狄云雯, 张翠萍, 杨欢欢, 张帆帆, 常永红, 李艳玲

保定市疾病预防控制中心职业性疾病监测评价科,河北保定 071000

收稿日期:2023-06-23 修回日期:2023-07-24 出版日期:2024-04-15 发布日期:2026-03-16
作者简介:狄云雯,女,主治医师,主要从事职业性疾病监测与评价工作。
基金资助:
保定市科学技术局项目（2241ZF091）

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Baoding City from 1949 to 2022

DI Yunwen, ZHANG Cuiping, YANG Huanhuan, ZHANG Fanfan, CHANG Yonghong, LI Yanling

Department of Occupational Disease Monitoring and Evaluation,Baoding Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Baoding Hebei,071000, China

Received:2023-06-23 Revised:2023-07-24 Online:2024-04-15 Published:2026-03-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析1949—2022年保定市职业性尘肺病发病特点,为政府制定尘肺病防治规划提供参考。方法回顾性调查1949—2022年保定市职业性尘肺病患者,对尘肺的病种构成、行业分布、接尘工龄及发病年龄等进行流行病学分析。结果 1949—2022年保定市累计诊断职业性尘肺病1 290例,发病数量排前4位的是煤工尘肺（583例,45.19%）、石棉肺（297例,23.02%）、铸工尘肺（178例,13.80%）和矽肺（127例,9.84%）,主要分布在国有中小型企业的煤炭开采和洗选业（569例,44.11%）、非金属矿采选业（308例,23.88%）和通用设备制造业（161例,12.48%）,不同病种间行业分布差异有统计学意义（χ²=3 322.81,P<0.01）。1987年以后,尘肺发病数量显著下降,矽肺发病占据第一位。2010—2022年保定市新发尘肺59例,其中矽肺占69.49%,主要分布在西部山区。保定市尘肺Ⅰ期有1 048例（占81.24%）、Ⅱ期198例（占15.35%）、Ⅲ期44例（占3.41%）,矽肺的Ⅲ期比例远高于其他病种（18例,占14.17%）。保定市尘肺平均接尘工龄中矽肺最短[（16.13±8.45）年],接尘工龄0~<6年的尘肺26例,矽肺占69.23%。结论随着煤矿、石棉矿等地下采矿企业的陆续关闭,保定市尘肺高发态势基本得到控制,中小型私营企业的黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业、非金属矿物制品业和通用设备制造业矽尘成为专项治理重点。

关键词: 尘肺病, 流行, 特点

Abstract: Objective To analyze the incidence characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Baoding City from 1949 to 2022,and provide reference for the government to formulate pneumoconiosis prevention and control plans. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted on occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Baoding City from 1949 to 2022,and epidemiological analysis was conducted on the composition of pneumoconiosis types,industry distribution,years of dust exposure,and age of onset. Results From 1949 to 2022,a total of 1 290 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were diagnosed in Baoding City. The top four diseases were coal workers’ pneumoconiosis（583 cases,45.19%）,asbestosis（297 cases,23.02%）,foundry workers' pneumoconiosis（178 cases,13.80%）,and silicosis（127 cases,9.84%）,mainly distributed in the coal mining and washing industry of state-owned small and medium-sized enterprises（569 cases,44.11%）,non-metallic mining industry（308 cases,23.88%） and general equipment manufacturing industry（161 cases,12.48%）. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of industries among different diseases（χ²=3 322.81,P<0.01）. After 1987,the incidence of pneumoconiosis decreased significantly,and the incidence of silicosis ranked first. From 2010 to 2022,there were 59 new cases of pneumoconiosis in Baoding City,of which silicosis accounted for 69.49%,mainly distributed in the western mountainous areas. There were 1 048 cases of stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis（81.24%）,198 cases of stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis（15.35%）,and 44 cases of stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis（3.41%） in Baoding City. The proportion of stage Ⅲ silicosis was much higher than other diseases（18 cases,14.17%）.Among the average dust exposure years in Baoding City,silicosis was the shortest[（16.13±8.45）years]. There were 26 cases of pneumoconiosis with dust exposure years of 0-<6 years,and silicosis accounted for 69.23%. Conclusions With the successive closure of underground mining enterprises such as coal mines and asbestos mines,the high incidence of pneumoconiosis in Baoding has been basically controlled.The black metal smelting and rolling processing industry,non-metallic mineral products industry and general equipment manufacturing industry of small and medium-sized private enterprises have become the focus of special treatment.

Key words: Pneumoconiosis, Epidemic, Characteristic

中图分类号:

R135.2

狄云雯, 张翠萍, 杨欢欢, 张帆帆, 常永红, 李艳玲. 1949—2022年保定市职业性尘肺病流行特点分析. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(8): 1129-1132.

DI Yunwen, ZHANG Cuiping, YANG Huanhuan, ZHANG Fanfan, CHANG Yonghong, LI Yanling. Analysis on epidemic characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Baoding City from 1949 to 2022. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(8): 1129-1132.

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