2013—2023年天津市滨海新区百日咳流行特征分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析2013—2023年天津市滨海新区百日咳发病流行病学特征,为预防和控制百日咳传播提供依据。方法采用Excel 2017软件对数据资料进行数据录入和整理,用SPSS 20.0.0软件进行统计学分析,率的比较应用χ²检验,发病率的变化趋势应用χ²趋势性检验,季节性分析采用集中度M值和圆形分布综合进行评价。结果 2013—2023年天津市滨海新区共报告百日咳确诊病例729例,平均发病率为2.53/10万,发病率总体呈升高趋势（χ²_趋势=27.54,P<0.01）。合并11年每月报告病例数集中度M=0.252 9,显示季节分布较差;采用圆形分布计算每年的R值,2023年及2013—2023年累计月分布集中趋势值R分别为0.115 3、0.252 9,差异有统计学意义,说明百日咳发病存在季节性分布特征。≥3月龄且<1岁组所占构成比最大,占30.86%;2015—2020年0~<1岁儿童发病构成比占50%甚至更高水平,自2021年起逐渐下降,直至2023年降到最低水平（19.87%）;2013—2023年百日咳分年龄组发病率差异有统计学意义（χ²=3 3781.99,P<0.01）,发病率最高为0~<1岁组,为234.50/10万。2023年6~12岁小学年龄组构成比已达近11年来最高水平,为52.98%。2014—2019年未到接种年龄所占比例有逐年升高趋势（χ²_趋势=69.19,P<0.01）,2020—2023年有下降的趋势。有免疫史人群,包含未全程接种及全程接种构成比2023年达到最高水平（74.83%）。近11年来百日咳聚集性疫情2023年达最高水平（15起）,涉及病例33例。结论加强重点人群百日咳疾病监测,开展学校、托幼机构等集体单位和相关人群百日咳疾病防控的健康教育。

关键词: 百日咳, 流行病学, 分析, 发病趋势, 季节分布, 免疫史

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Binhai New Area,Tianjin from 2013 to 2023,and provide a basis for preventing and controlling the spread of pertussis. Methods Microsoft Excel 2017 software was used to input and sort the data,SPSS 20.0.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Chi-square test was used for comparison of incidence rates,chi-square trend test was used for trend change of incidence rate,and concentration M value and circular distribution were used for seasonal analysis. Results From 2013 to 2023,a total of 729 confirmed cases of pertussis were reported in Tianjin Binhai New Area,with an average incidence rate of 2.53/100 000,and the overall incidence rate showed an upward trend（ χ²_trend=27.54,P<0.01）. The concentration of monthly reported cases for combined 11 years was M=0.2529,showing poor seasonal distribution. Using the circular distribution to calculate the annual R value,the cumulative monthly distribution concentration trend values R for 2023 and 2013-2023 were 0.115 3 and 0.252 9,respectively,with statistically significant differences,indicating the seasonal distribution characteristics of pertussis incidence. The prevalence of pertussis in group aged ≥3 months and<1 year was the highest,accounting for 30.86%. The proportion of children aged 0-<1 year old accounted for about half or more of the total cases from 2015 to 2020,and gradually decreased from 2021 to the lowest 2023 of 19.87%. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of pertussis among the age groups from 2013 to 2023（ χ²=33781.99,P<0.01）,and the highest incidence rate was 234.50/100 000 in the 0-year-old group. The proportion of primary school children aged 6-12 in 2023 had reached the highest level of 52.98% in 11 nearly years. The proportion of people under the age of vaccination from 2014 to 2019 showed an increasing trend year by year（ χ²_trend=69.19,P<0.01）,and had shown a downward trend from 2020 to 2023. The proportion of people with a history of immunization,including those who had not received full vaccination and those who had received full vaccination,reached the highest level of 74.83% in 2023. In the past 11 years,the cluster outbreak of pertussis reached its highest level in 2023,with 15 outbreaks and 33 cases involved. Conclusion Strengthen the surveillance of pertussis disease in key population,and carry out health education on prevention and control of pertussis disease in schools,kindergartens and other collective units and related population。

Key words: Pertussis, Epidemiology, Analysis, Incidence trend, Seasonal distribution, History of immunization

中图分类号:

R181.8⁺1

裴亚楠, 郝宝云. 2013—2023年天津市滨海新区百日咳流行特征分析. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(15): 2087-2092.

PEI Yanan, HAO Baoyun. Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Binhai New Area,Tianjin from 2013 to 2023. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(15): 2087-2092.

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