水痘疫苗纳入免疫规划后对常州市钟楼区水痘流行特征的影响分析

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (18): 2512-2516.

水痘疫苗纳入免疫规划后对常州市钟楼区水痘流行特征的影响分析

刘小丹, 周维, 许闯

常州市钟楼区疾病预防控制中心疾控科,江苏常州 213000

收稿日期:2025-01-12 修回日期:2025-01-28 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-12-13
作者简介:刘小丹,女,主管医师,主要从事免疫规划工作。

Analysis on impact of inclusion of varicella vaccine in immunization program on epidemic characteristics of varicella in Zhonglou District of Changzhou City

LIU Xiaodan, ZHOU Wei, XU Chuang

Disease Control Department,Zhonglou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changzhou,Jiangsu 213000,China

Received:2025-01-12 Revised:2025-01-28 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-12-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解水痘疫苗（Varicella vaccine,VarV）纳入免疫规划前后常州市钟楼区水痘流行特征变化,为计划免疫策略调整及疫情防控提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2017—2023年常州市钟楼区报告的水痘发病资料,采用描述流行病学方法对水痘发病资料进行分析。结果 VarV纳入免疫规划前（2017—2019年）常州市钟楼区年均报告发病率为187.72/10万,纳入免疫规划后（2020—2023年）年均报告发病率下降至97.92/10万。水痘突发公共卫生事件由11起降至7起。发病时间呈“双峰”分布,10月—次年1月为主高峰,5—7月为次高峰。发病地区以永红街道、五星街道、北港街道、邹区镇等为主。学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童占发病的总构成比由 81.14%降至75.73%。各年龄组占比下降最大的为0~<5和5~<10岁。2017—2023年0~6周岁儿童VarV第1剂、VarV第2剂接种率与水痘发病率均呈负相关（r=-0.839、-0607,均P<0.05）。结论常州市钟楼区VarV纳入免疫规划有助于提高适龄儿童水痘疫苗接种率,降低水痘的发病率,建议扩大免费接种VarV的年龄段,更有效地降低水痘发病水平。

关键词: 水痘, 发病率, 水痘疫苗, 免疫规划, 流行特征

Abstract: Objective To analyze the changes in varicella epidemiological characteristics in Zhonglou District of Changzhou City before and after the varicella vaccine（VarV） included in the immunization program,provide a basis for the adjustment of the immunization strategy and the prevention and control of the epidemic. Methods The reported varicella epidemic data of Zhonglou District of Changzhou City from 2017 to 2023 were collected through the China disease control and prevention information system,and the varicella epidemic data were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results The average annual reported incidence rate of varicella in Zhonglou District of Changzhou City was 187.72/100 000 before VarV was included in the immunization program（2017-2019）,and the average annual reported incidence rate decreased to 97.92/100 000 after immunization program（2020-2023）. The number of varicella public health emergencies decreased from 11 to 7. The incidence time was a "bimodal" distribution,with October to January of the following year as the main peak and May to July as the second peak. The epidemic areas were mainly Yonghong Street,Five-star Street,Beigang Street,Zouqu Town. The proportion of students,preschool children and scattered children in the total cases decreased from 81.14% to 75.73%. The largest decreases in the proportion of each age group were 0-<5 and 5-<10 year-old age groups. From 2017 to 2023,VarV dose 1 and VarV dose 2 vaccination rates were negatively associated with varicella incidence in children aged 0-6 years old（r=-0.893,-0.607,both P<0.05）. Conclusion The inclusion of VarV in the immunization program helps to increase the varicella vaccination rate of school-age children and reduce the incidence of varicella in Zhonglou District of Changzhou City,and it is recommended to expand the age group of free VarV vaccination to reduce the level of varicella incidence more effectively.

Key words: Varicella, Incidence rate, Varicella vaccine, Immunization planning, Epidemiological characteristics

中图分类号:

R181.8⁺1

刘小丹, 周维, 许闯. 水痘疫苗纳入免疫规划后对常州市钟楼区水痘流行特征的影响分析. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(18): 2512-2516.

LIU Xiaodan, ZHOU Wei, XU Chuang. Analysis on impact of inclusion of varicella vaccine in immunization program on epidemic characteristics of varicella in Zhonglou District of Changzhou City. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(18): 2512-2516.

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