四川省8所三级甲等医院门诊护士专业生活品质现状及与工作场所不文明行为、心理资本的相关性

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解四川省三级甲等医院门诊护士专业生活品质、工作场所不文明行为与心理资本的现状,分析工作场所不文明行为与心理资本对其专业生活品质的影响。方法采用横断面研究设计,2024年6—7月选取四川省8所三级甲等医院324名门诊护士为调查对象,采用专业生活品质量表、工作场所不文明行为量表与心理资本量表进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 324名三级甲等医院门诊护士专业生活品质各维度得分分别为：职业倦怠得分为（27.00±6.07）分、继发性创伤应激得分为（27.06±5.46）分、慈心满意得分为（32.33±7.34）分;工作场所不文明行为得分为（35.08±7.97）分;心理资本得分为（77.55±20.29）分。不同婚姻状况、职称、月均收入、运动频率、健康状况、睡眠状况、是否遭受工作场所暴力均是门诊护士专业生活品质的主要影响因素（均P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示,三级甲等医院门诊护士职业倦怠、继发性创伤应激得分与工作场所不文明行为得分均呈正相关（r=0.265~0.546,均P<0.05）,与心理资本均呈负相关（r=-0.258~-0.621,均P<0.05）;慈心满意与工作场所不文明行为得分均呈负相关（r=-0.396~-0.567,均P<0.05）,与心理资本均呈正相关（r=0.285~0.669,均P<0.05）。每周平均加班时间、健康状况、是否遭受工作场所暴力、工作场所不文明行为和心理资本均是职业倦怠的主要影响因素（调整后R²=0.536,F=42.466,P<0.01）,可解释职业倦怠的53.6%。健康状况、工作场所不文明行为、心理资本均是继发性创伤应激的主要影响因素（调整后R²=0.152,F=10.642,P<0.01）,可解释继发性创伤应激的15.2%。健康状况、是否遭受工作场所暴力、工作场所不文明行为、心理资本均是慈心满意的主要影响因素（调整后R²=0.668,F=56.436,P<0.01）,可解释继发性创伤应激的66.8%。结论四川省8所三级甲等医院门诊护士专业生活品质处于中等水平,工作场所不文明行为是专业生活品质的危险因素,而心理资本是其重要保护心理资源。管理者应重视门诊等特殊部门护士专业生活品质状况,营造良好的组织环境氛围,提升护士心理资本水平,从而提高门诊护士专业生活品质。

关键词: 门诊, 护士, 专业生活品质, 工作场所不文明行为, 心理资本, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the status quo of professional quality of life,workplace uncivilized behavior and psychological capital of outpatient nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province,and to analyze the impact of workplace uncivilized behavior and psychological capital on their professional quality of life. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to select 324 outpatient nurses from 8 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province from June to July 2024.The professional quality of life scale,workplace uncivilized behavior scale and psychological capital scale were used for the survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of each dimension of professional quality of life of 324 outpatient nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals were （27.00±6.07）points for job burnout,（27.06±5.46）points for secondary traumatic stress,and （32.33±7.34）points for compassion satisfaction. The score of workplace uncivilized behavior was （35.08±7.97）points. The score of psychological capital was （77.55±20.29）points. Different marital status,professional title,average monthly income,exercise frequency,health status,sleep status,and whether they suffered from workplace violence were the main influencing factors of the professional quality of life of outpatient nurses（all P<0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the scores of job burnout and secondary traumatic stress of outpatient nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals were positively correlated with the scores of workplace uncivilized behavior（r=0.265-0.546,all P<0.05）,and negatively correlated with psychological capital（r=-0.258-0.621,all P<0.05）. Compassionate satisfaction was negatively correlated with the score of workplace uncivilized behavior（r=-0.396-0.567,all P<0.05）,and positively correlated with psychological capital（r=0.285-0.669,all P<0.05）. Average overtime hours per week,health status,whether they suffered from workplace violence,workplace uncivilized behavior and psychological capital were the main influencing factors of job burnout（adjusted R²=0.536,F=42.466,P<0.01）,which could explain 53.6% of job burnout. Health status,workplace uncivilized behavior and psychological capital were the main influencing factors of secondary traumatic stress（adjusted R²=0.152,F=10.642,P<0.01）,which could explain 15.2% of secondary traumatic stress. Health status,whether they suffered from workplace violence,workplace uncivilized behavior, and psychological capital were the main influencing factors of compassionate satisfaction（adjusted R²=0.668,F=56.436,P<0.01）,which could explain 66.8% of secondary traumatic stress. Conclusion The professional quality of life of outpatient nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals is at a medium level. Uncivilized behavior in the workplace is a risk factor for professional quality of life,and psychological capital is an important protective psychological resource. Managers should pay attention to the professional quality of life of nurses in special departments such as outpatient clinics,create a good organizational environment,and improve the level of psychological capital of nurses,so as to improve the professional quality of life of outpatient nurses.

Key words: Outpatient, Nurse, Professional quality of life, Uncivilized behavior in the workplace, Psychological capital, Influencing factors

中图分类号:

R192.6

杨茂琼, 张红英, 罗艳芳. 四川省8所三级甲等医院门诊护士专业生活品质现状及与工作场所不文明行为、心理资本的相关性. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(19): 2673-2678.

YANG Maoqiong, ZHANG Hongying, LUO Yanfang. Current status of professional quality of life of outpatient nurses in 8 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province and its correlation with uncivilized behavior in the workplace and psychological capital. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(19): 2673-2678.

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