关键词: 制造业, 职业病危害, 现状调查

Abstract: Objective To conduct an occupational hazard survey on 268 manufacturing enterprises in Haicang District of Xiamen City,in order to understand and grasp the distribution of occupational hazards and the current status of occupational health management,and provide a basis for further special treatment of occupational hazards. Methods From February to May 2022,field investigation were conducted on enterprises in Haicang District to investigate their basic information,exposure to occupational hazards,and occupational health management,and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 21 459 employees in 268 manufacturing enterprises were exposed to occupational hazards,with an occupational hazard exposure rate of 20.39%. The dust exposure rate of employees was 7.04%,the chemical exposure rate was 5.64%,and the physical exposure rate was 12.65%. Among them,noise was the hazard factor with the highest number of enterprises and people affected.Employees exposed to occupational hazard factors were mainly concentrated in medium-sized enterprises,rubber and plastic products industry,computer,communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing,metal manufacturing and other industries,and there was a statistically significant difference in the exposure rate of occupational hazards among employees in different industries and enterprises of different scales（both P<0.01）.The rates of occupational health training for the principal person in charge,occupational health management personnel and employees were 98.51%,98.51% and 97.39%,respectively,and the rate of regular detection of occupational disease hazard factors was 97.01%.The occupational health examination rate for employees during their employment was 85.82%.The occupational health examination rate of employees showed an increasing trend with the scale of the enterprise from small to large（P<0.01）. Conclusion The focus of occupational health management in Haicang District of Xiamen City is on small and micro enterprises,especially micro enterprises. It is necessary to implement targeted supervision in key industries based on the exposure situation,and do a good job in the prevention of physical harmful factors including noise. Strengthen supervision and law enforcement efforts,urge enterprises to do a good job in occupational health examinations,and safeguard the health rights and interests of employees.

Key words: Manufacturing, Occupational hazards, Present situation investigation