2017—2023年攀枝花市法定传染病疫情分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解2017—2023年攀枝花市法定传染病流行病学特征,指导传染病防控策略的确立。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对法定传染病报告数据进行分析。结果 2017—2023年攀枝花市共报告法定传染病25种37 418例,死亡423例。年平均报告发病率为437.03/10万,死亡率为4.94/10万,病死率为1.13%。发病数居前3位的病种有手足口病（25.79%）、流行性感冒（18.77%）和其他感染性腹泻（14.02%）。艾滋病死亡例数最多,占93.14%。7年间总体发病波动明显且差异有统计学意义（χ²=6 931.64,P<0.05）,其中手足口病隔年高发,流行性感冒于2023年出现显著高峰,血源及性传播传染病受梅毒、乙型肝炎及丙型肝炎发病影响呈明显上升,自然疫源性疾病构成变化较大（新发病种有人感染H7N9禽流感、黑热病及布鲁菌病）。报告发病数和发病率较高的地区为东区（13 870例,508.06/10万）和仁和区（9 742例,514.23/10万）。男女发病率之比为1.27 ∶ 1。发病较高的年龄组为0~<7岁组,占45.20%,高发人群为散居儿童,占29.11%。结论 2017—2023年攀枝花市法定传染病报告发病率总体波动明显。应继续加强高发传染病的防控,重点关注增长较快、死亡率较高及新发生的病种,要根据病种不同的发病特点采取综合性防治措施。

关键词: 法定传染病, 流行特征, 发病率

Abstract: Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Panzhihua City from 2017 to 2023,and to guide the establishment of infectious disease prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the reported data of notifiable infectious diseases. Results From 2017 to 2023,a total of 37 418 cases of 25 notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Panzhihua City,the cases included 423 deaths. The average annual incidence rate was 437.03/100 000,the average annual death rate was 4.94/100 000,and the case fatality rate was 1.13%. The top three diseases were HFMD(25.79%),influenza(18.77%) and other infectious diarrhea(14.02%).AIDS accounted for the largest number of deaths,accounted for 93.14%. In 7 years the overall incidence fluctuated significantly and the difference was statistically significant(χ²=6 931.64,P<0.05). Among them,HFMD had a high incidence in every other year,influenza had a significant peak in 2023,bloodborne and sexually transmitted diseases had shown a significant increase due to the incidence of syphilis,hepatitis B,and hepatitis C,and the composition of naturally epidemic diseases had changed significantly(emerging infectious diseases included human infections with H7N9 avian influenza,kala-azar,brucellosis).The regions with the highest reported number of cases and the incidence rate were Dong District(13 870 cases,508.06/100 000) and Renhe District(9 742 cases,514.23/100 000).The ratio of male to female incidence was 1.27∶1.The age group with a higher incidence was the 0-<7 years group,accounted for 45.20%,and the high-risk population was scattered children,accounted for 29.11%. Conclusion The reported incidence rate of notifiable infectious diseases in Panzhihua City fluctuate significantly from 2017 to 2023. It's need to strengthen the prevention and control of high-incidence infectious diseases,focusing on diseases with rapid growth,high mortality rate and emerging diseases. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken according to the different characteristics of the disease.

Key words: Notifiable infectious diseases, Epidemiological characteristics, Incidence rate

中图分类号:

R181.8⁺1

闫姝利, 杨华, 李琴. 2017—2023年攀枝花市法定传染病疫情分析. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(20): 2788-2792.

YAN Shuli, YANG Hua, LI Qin. Analysis on epidemic situation of notifiable infectious diseases in Panzhihua City from 2017 to 2023. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(20): 2788-2792.

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