基于结构方程模型的护士心理健康素养影响因素及路径分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的构建结构方程模型,分析护士心理健康素养的影响因素,为制定针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法于2023年7月—2024年3月对郑州市某三级甲等医院的258名护士进行调查,采用结构方程模型分析心理健康素养的影响因素和作用路径。结果护士心理健康素养总分为（106.17±11.91）分;心理健康素养总分与共情疲劳呈负相关（P<0.01）,与社会支持及心理弹性均呈正相关（均P<0.05）。模型拟合较好（χ²/df=2.510,RMSEA=0.077,IFI=0.930,TLI=0.912,CFI=0.929,GFI=0.902）,编制、婚姻状况、共情疲劳、社会支持和心理弹性是护士心理健康素养的影响因素。心理弹性和社会支持对心理健康素养均有直接正向影响（β=0.229、0.452,均P<0.01）,共情疲劳可通过社会支持和心理弹性对心理健康素养产生间接影响,间接效应占总效应的42.28%。结论郑州市某三级甲等医院护士心理健康素养水平处于较低水平并受多种因素影响,护理管理者应注意评估护士心理健康素养水平,针对其影响因素进行干预,以进一步提高护士心理健康素养水平。

关键词: 护士, 心理健康素养, 影响因素, 共情疲劳, 社会支持, 心理弹性, 结构方程模型

Abstract: Objective To construct a structural equation model to analyze the influencing factors of nurses' mental health literacy and provide a reference for the development of targeted interventions. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to survey 258 nurses in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou City from July 2023 to March 2024,and to analyze the influencing factors and pathways of mental health literacy using structural equation modeling. Results The total score of nurses' mental health literacy was (106.17±11.91)points.The total mental health literacy score was negatively correlated with empathy fatigue(P<0.01),and positively correlated with social support and psychological resilience(both P<0.05). The model fit was good(χ²/df= 2.510, RMSEA=0.077, IFI=0.930, TLI=0.912, CFI=0.92, GFI=0.902). Establishment, marital status, empathy fatigue, social support,and psychological resilience were influencing factors of nurses' mental health literacy. Psychological resilience and social support had a direct positive effect on mental health literacy(β=0.229,0.452,both P<0.01),and empathy fatigue could have an indirect effect on mental health literacy through social support and psychological resilience, with indirect effect accounting for 42.28% of the total effect. Conclusion The mental health literacy level of nurses in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou is at a low level and is affected by multiple factors.Nursing managers should pay attention to assessing the level of nurses' mental health literacy and intervene in response to the affecting factors,then further to improve the level of nurses' mental health literacy.

Key words: Nurse, Mental health literacy, Influencing factor, Compassion fatigue, Social support, Psychological resilience, Structural equation model

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺1

何珊珊, 邢伟, 毛洁. 基于结构方程模型的护士心理健康素养影响因素及路径分析. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(20): 2805-2810.

HE Shanshan, XING Wei, MAO Jie. Analysis of factors and paths influencing nurses' mental health literacy based on structural equation modeling. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(20): 2805-2810.

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