关键词: 非煤矿山, 职业病危害监测, 噪声, 粉尘

Abstract: Objective To analyze the detection results of major occupational hazard factors in non-coal mines in Sichuan Province,provide basis and strategy for occupational disease prevention in non-coal mines workers. Methods The occupational disease hazard monitoring data system in the workplace was utilized to collect and summarize the monitoring results of major occupational hazards in non-coal mines in Sichuan Province from 2020 to 2024,and the data were analyzed. Results In five years,a total of 1 636 test-times and 9 717 positions/processes were performed in the enterprises,of which 1 976 exceeded the standard,with the over-standard rate of 20.3%. The main occupational hazard factors that exceed the standard were dust and noise,and the over-standard rates of lead,arsenic and manganese were <10%. The over-standard rate of posts exposed to noise and dust gradually decreased with the increase of years(χ²_trend=155.190,125.376,both P<0.05). The over-standard rate of posts exposed to noise decreased with the increase of enterprise size(χ²_trend=64.795,P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the over-standard rate of posts exposed to dust among enterprises of different sizes(χ²=2.479,P>0.05). The above-standard rate of noise and dust in non-ferrous metal mining industry was the highest,and there were statistically significant differences in the above-standard rates of noise and dust between different industries(χ²=213.389,29.395,both P<0.05). The 8 h/40 h equivalent sound level and the above-standard rate of ball milling position were the highest,and the noise exposure intensity(H=795.662,P<0.05) and above-standard rate(χ²=670.506,P<0.05) varied among different positions/processes. The non-metal mining industry has the highest noise above-standard rate in the ball milling position,and there was statistically significant difference in the above-standard rates of ball milling position between different industries(χ²=5.207,P<0.05). The overall above-standard rate of dust-exposed positions was the highest in cutting(31.0%) and crushing(22.7%),and the difference was statistically significant in the above-standard rate of dust among different positions/processes(χ²=127.809,P<0.05). The above-standard rate of dust in crushing and transportation positions was the highest in non-ferrous metal mining,while that in drilling positions of black metal mining was the highest,and the above-standard rate of dust in positions/processes of different industries was not all the same(χ²=12.200,14.885,9.374,all P<0.05). Conclusion In the past five years,the occupational hazard control of non-coal mining industry in Sichuan Province has achieved some results,but the noise and dust are still exceeding the standard. The occupational hazards of culvert or underground mining should be emphasized,and the source control and comprehensive management should be strengthened.

Key words: Non-coal mines, Occupational hazard monitoring, Noise, Dust