大学生的生活行为与抑郁症状的关联分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解大学生抑郁症状的流行状况,分析大学生的生活行为特征及其变化趋势,探讨生活行为特征与抑郁症状之间的关系,为大学生抑郁症状的早期识别和针对性干预提供线索。方法采用连续横断面调查的研究设计,通过分层整群抽样方法,于2020年10月—2023年10月对天津某高校2 046名大学生开展调查,收集大学生抑郁症状及生活行为因素信息,并对数据进行分析。结果 2 046名大学生抑郁症状总体检出率为21.2%。2020—2022年呈现上升趋势（20.7%、20.7%、29.4%）,2023年下降（12.6%）。除睡眠和饮酒外,不健康生活行为报告率2020—2022年呈上升趋势,健康生活行为报告率呈下降趋势,2023年均出现逆转。摄入含糖饮料每天≥1次、重度饮酒、网络成瘾、高音量使用耳机是抑郁症状发生的危险因素,OR值分别是非暴露组的1.471、2.435、3.534和1.638倍;每天吃早餐、每天白天户外活动≥1 h、每天睡眠时间≥7 h是保护性因素,OR值分别为非暴露组的0.669、0.760、0.520倍。分类树（classification and regression tree,CART）模型中,网络成瘾是抑郁症状发生的首要生活行为因素。网络成瘾、每天睡眠时间≥7 h、长时间使用耳机、每天吃早餐等因素相互作用,共同影响抑郁症状的发生。潜在类别分析（latent class analysis,LCA）模型中,根据行为因素的分布特征,分为3个潜在类别：低风险组、高风险组、中间组。高风险组的抑郁症状发生风险最高（OR=2.773,95%CI：1.925~3.995）,低风险组的风险最低（OR=0.616,95%CI：0.469~0.810）,中间组居中。结论 2020—2022年天津市2 046名大学生抑郁症状和不健康生活行为增加,健康生活行为减少。健康生活行为与抑郁症状呈负相关,不健康生活行为与抑郁症状呈正相关。网络成瘾是抑郁症状发生的首要生活行为因素,不同行为因素间存在相互作用,共同影响抑郁症状的发生,存在多种不健康生活行为暴露的个体风险最高。

关键词: 大学生, 抑郁症状, 生活行为因素

Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence of depressive symptoms among college students,analyze the characteristics of life behaviors and their changing trends,explore the relationship between life behavioral characteristics and depressive symptoms,and provide clues for the early identification and targeted interventions of depressive symptoms among college students. Methods The continous cross-sectional survey design was adopted and stratified cluster sampling method was conducted to investigate 2 046 college students from a university in Tianjin from October 2020 to October 2023. Information on depression symptoms and life behavior factors among college students was collected and analyzed. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms in 2 046 college students was 21.2%. From 2020 to 2022,there would be an upward trend（20.7%,20.7%,29.4%）,followed by a decrease in 2023（12.6%）. Except for sleep and alcohol consumption,the reporting of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors showed an increasing trend from 2020 to 2022 and a decreasing trend in healthy lifestyle behaviors,both of which were reversed in 2023. Intake of sugary drinks once a day or more,heavy alcohol consumption,internet addiction,and use of headphones at high volume were risk factors for the development of depressive symptoms,with OR of 1.471,2.435,3.534 and 1.638 times higher than those of the non-exposed group,respectively.Eating breakfast every day,being outdoors for at least 1 hour every day,and sleeping ≥7 hours per day were protective factors,with OR of 0.669,0.760 and 0.520 times that of the non-exposed group,respectively. Internet addiction was the primary lifestyle behavioral factor in the classification and regression tree（CART） model for the development of depressive symptoms. Internet addiction,sleeping for ≥7 hours per day,prolonged use of headphones,and eating breakfast every day interacted with each other to influence the development of depressive symptoms. In the latent class analysis（LCA） model,there were 3 potential categories based on the distributional characteristics of the behavioral factors：low-risk group,high-risk group,and intermediate group. The risk of developing depressive symptoms was highest in the high-risk group（OR=2.773,95%CI：1.925-3.995）,while lowest in the low-risk group（OR=0.616,95%CI：0.469-0.810）,with the intermediate group in the middle. Conclusion Depressive symptoms and unhealthy living behaviors increased and healthy living behaviors decreased among college students in 2020-2022. Healthy life behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms,and unhealthy life behaviors were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Internet addiction was the primary lifestyle behavioral factor for the development of depressive symptoms,there were interactions between different behavioral factors that collectively influenced the development of depressive symptoms,and individuals with multiple exposures to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors were at the highest risk.

Key words: College students, Depressive symptoms, Life-behavioral factors

李凤芹, 高磊, 孙莹, 李慧雯, 陈大方. 大学生的生活行为与抑郁症状的关联分析. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(4): 526-531.

LI Fengqin, GAO Lei, SUN Ying, LI Huiwen, CHEN Dafang. Correlation analysis between college students' life behavior and depressive symptoms. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(4): 526-531.

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