口腔科护士工作-家庭平衡和心理资本对职业紧张的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的调查口腔科护士工作-家庭平衡、心理资本和职业紧张状态,探讨心理资本在工作-家庭平衡和职业紧张间的中介作用,为制定减少口腔科护士职业紧张的干预措施提供参考。方法 2023年6—12月,采用一般情况量表、工作-家庭平衡量表、心理资本量表和职业紧张量表对洪湖市6家综合医院185名口腔科护士进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果洪湖市口腔科护士工作-家庭平衡、心理资本和职业紧张得分分别为（38.46±7.26）、（91.84±16.27）和（57.46±8.57）分;口腔科护士工作-家庭平衡水平与年龄、工作年限、婚姻状况和子女数有关（均P<0.05）,心理资本水平与年龄、工作年限和职称有关（均P<0.05）,职业紧张水平与年龄、工作年限、职称、婚姻状况、月收入和子女数有关（均P<0.05）。口腔科护士工作-家庭平衡和职业倦怠呈负相关（r=-0.612,P<0.01）,心理资本和职业紧张呈负相关（r=-0.586,P<0.01）,工作-家庭平衡和心理资本呈正相关（r=0.538,P<0.01）。结论洪湖市口腔科护士工作-家庭平衡和心理资本对职业紧张具有负向预测作用,心理资本在工作-家庭平衡对职业紧张的影响中起部分中介作用,提高护士心理资本水平有助于改善其职业紧张状态。

关键词: 口腔科护士, 工作-家庭平衡, 心理资本, 职业紧张, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the status of work-family balance,psychological capital and occupational stress among dental nurses,explore the mediating role of psychological capital between work-family balance and occupational stress,and provide reference for developing intervention measures to reduce occupational stress among dental nurses. Methods From June to December 2023,185 dental nurses from six general hospitals in Honghu City were investigated by the general situation scale,work-family balance scale,psychological capital scale and occupational stress scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of work-family balance,psychological capital and occupational stress among dental nurses in Honghu City were （38.46±7.26）,（91.84±16.27） and （57.46±8.57）points,respectively. The level of work-family balance,among dental nurses was related to age,working age,marital status,and number of children（all P<0.05）. The level of psychological capital was related to age,working age,and professional title（all P<0.05）. The level of occupational stress was related to age,working age,professional title,marital status,monthly income,and number of children（all P<0.05）. The work-family balance of dental nurses was negatively correlated with occupational burnout（r=-0.612,P<0.01）,the psychological capital was negatively correlated with occupational stress（r=-0.586,P<0.01）,and work-family balance was positively correlated with psychological capital（r=0.538,P<0.01）. Conclusion The work-family balance and psychological capital of dental nurses in Honghu City have a negative predictive effect on occupational stress,the psychological capital plays a partial mediating role in the impact of work-family balance on occupational stress,and improving psychological capital is beneficial for reducing the level of occupational stress in nurses.

Key words: Dental nurses, Work-family balance, Psychological capital, Occupational stress, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R192.6

刘贵娥, 陶丽, 肖学林, 蔡亮, 邓千里, 尹怡琴. 口腔科护士工作-家庭平衡和心理资本对职业紧张的影响. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(5): 641-645.

LIU Gui'e, TAO Li, XIAO Xuelin, CAI Liang, DENG Qianli, YIN Yiqin. Impact of work-family balance and psychological capital on occupational stress among dental nurses. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(5): 641-645.

参考文献

[1] 王林,曾晓立,林立.职业紧张及其对策[J].中国行为医学科学,2001,10(2):157-158.
[2] 高妍,赵俊琴,赵媛媛,等.某三级甲等综合医院护理人员职业紧张对焦虑的影响及职业倦怠的中介效应[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2022,40(2):127-131.
[3] 冯翀,艾芳,韩慧慧.重症监护病房护士家庭平衡心理资本与职业紧张间相关性研究[J].山西医药杂志,2017,46(15):1817-1819.
[4] GRZYWACZ J G,CARLSON D S.Conceptualizing work—family balance:Implications for practice and research[J].Adv Dev Hum Resour,2007, 9(4):455-471.
[5] 胡牡丽,袁东玲,张逸,等.工作-家庭平衡对女性医务人员离职倾向的影响:有调节的链式中介[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2022,30(4):820-825.
[6] LUTHANS F,AVOLIO B J,AVEY J B,et al.Positive psychological capital:Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction[J].Pers Psychol,2007,60(3):541-572.
[7] 黄怡. 心内科医务人员积极应对方式和心理资本对职业紧张与职业疲劳的影响[J].职业与健康,2023,39(4):457-462.
[8] 曾练平,燕良轼.中文版工作家庭平衡量表的信效度研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2013,21(6):988-991.
[9] 骆宏,赫中华.466名护士心理资本与职业倦怠及离职意愿的关系[J].中华护理杂志,2010,45(10):933-935.
[10] 方圆,蒋兆强,王剑飞,等.纺织工人职业应激的影响因素分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2020,38(4):275-278.
[11] 朱长云,孙洪祥.临床护士工作家庭平衡与工作效能感相关性调查[J].齐鲁护理杂志,2017,23(5):36-38.
[12] 朱芳琳,朱芳丽.珠海市女性医护人员工作-家庭平衡问题研究[J].全科护理,2018,16(34):4335-4337.
[13] 张建豪,朱俊利.某三级口腔专科医院护理人员心理资本现状调查[J].卫生软科学,2019,33(3):69-73.
[14] 张黎,焦薇,孙雪,等.工作-家庭溢出压力、心理资本对三级甲等医院护士职业紧张的影响[J].职业与健康,2023,39(7):885-889,894.
[15] 王君. 山西省三级甲等医院口腔科护理人员职业紧张水平现状调查[J].循证护理,2019,5(2):180-182.
[16] 杨凤,邸妞,郭薇薇,等.上海市三级甲等医院医务人员长工时作业与职业紧张和疲劳蓄积的关联[J].环境与职业医学,2023,40(5):536-544.
[17] 李智,卢瑀石,范玉婷,等.心理资本在卫生系统职工职业紧张与蓄积性疲劳关系中的中介作用[J].现代预防医学,2023,50(1):53-59.
[18] 颜建鹰. 重症监护室护理人员工作-家庭平衡、心理资本与职业紧张的相关性[J].中国当代医药,2022,29(32):170-173.
[19] 张静,南秀燕,倪丹.资源保存理论视角下员工特质正念对主动行为的影响机制研究[J].管理学报,2023,20(6):846-855.
[20] 张吉生. 边界理论视角下工作家庭冲突平衡与跨界增益[J].领导科学,2018(29):50-52.