5起流感暴发疫情的病原学分子特征分析

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 893-898.

5起流感暴发疫情的病原学分子特征分析

陈诗瑶, 孙怡华, 魏叶, 陈璐, 李莉, 季霄雷

南通市疾病预防控制中心微生物检验科,江苏南通 226001

收稿日期:2024-07-11 修回日期:2024-08-02 出版日期:2025-04-01 发布日期:2025-12-17
通信作者: 季霄雷,主管技师,E-mail：ntcdcjxl@163.com
作者简介:陈诗瑶,女,技师,主要从事病原微生物分子流行病学研究工作。
基金资助:
南通市科技局基础科学研究项目（JCZ2022117）

Analysis of molecular characteristics of the pathogen causing 5 influenza outbreaks

CHEN Shiyao, SUN Yihua, WEI Ye, CHEN Lu, LI Li, JI Xiaolei

Microbiological Laboratory,Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nantong,Jiangsu 226001,China

Received:2024-07-11 Revised:2024-08-02 Online:2025-04-01 Published:2025-12-17
Contact: JI Xiaolei,Technician in charge,E-mail：ntcdcjxl@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的对2023年11株甲型H1N1流感病毒进行全基因组遗传特性分析,为甲型H1N1流感的科学防控提供依据。方法收集2023年2—3月的流感暴发疫情标本,将Ct<30的标本进行分离培养,对11株甲型H1N1分离株构建文库并进行测序分析。在美国国家生物技术信息中心（national center for biotechnology information,NCBI）中下载疫苗株以及全球甲型H1N1代表株序列,使用软件BioAider V1.521对序列进行一致性分析和氨基酸变异位点分析。利用MEGA 11.0.13软件进行多序列比对并构建系统进化树,用在线软件TreeTime估算HA、NA基因的分子进化速率。结果血凝素（hemagglutinin,HA）基因抗原决定簇Sb区发生Q206E变异,聚合酶碱性蛋白2（polymerase basic protein 2,PB2）的L475M均发生突变,聚合酶碱性蛋白1（polymerase basic protein 1,PB1）的I397M位点发生突变,这几处变异可能会影响病毒的致病能力和毒性等。遗传进化分析得出,11株本地甲型H1N1病毒株与疫苗株A/Victoria/2570/2019、参考株A/Rochester/U122/USA/2020、A/Rochester/U133/USA/2020遗传距离接近且同属于分支I。全基因组进化分析结果显示,HA基因和神经氨酸酶（neuraminidase,NA）基因符合严格分子时钟。结论目前流感病毒仍在持续变异中,使用的疫苗株A/Victoria/2570/2019（H1N1）对人群依然有保护作用,要继续加强耐药监测,及时掌握流感病毒基因特性,进行科学防控。

关键词: 甲型H1N1流感, 全基因组测序, 同源性分析, 系统进化树, 氨基酸变异位点

Abstract: Objective To conduct a genome-wide genetic characteristics analysis of 11 strains of influenza A H1N1 virus in 2023,in order to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of H1N1 influenza. Methods Collect samples of influenza outbreaks from February to March 2023,separate and cultivate samples with Ct<30,construct libraries for eleven strains of A/H1N1 influenza isolates,and perform sequencing analysis. The vaccine strains and global representative strains of influenza A H1N1 were downloaded from the national center for biotechnology information（NCBI） database,and BioAider V1.521 software was used for sequence alignment and analysis of amino acid mutation sites. MEGA 11.0.13 software was used for multiple sequence alignment and construction of a phylogenetic tree,and TreeTime online software was used to estimate the molecular evolution rate of the HA and NA genes. Results The Q206E mutation occurred in the antigenic determinant cluster Sb region of the hemagglutinin（HA） gene,and mutations were observed in the L475M site of the polymerase basic protein 2（PB2） and the I397M site of the polymerase basic protein 1（PB1）,which might affect the pathogenicity and toxicity of the virus. Genetic evolution analysis revealed that 11 local strains of influenza A H1N1 virus had close genetic distance with vaccine strain A/Victoria/2570/2019,reference strains A/Rochester/U122/USA/2020 and A/Rochester/U133/USA/2020,and they all belonged to Clade I branch. Whole genome evolutionary analysis showed that the HA and neuraminidase（NA） genes followed a strict molecular clock. Conclusion At present, the influenza viruses are still undergoing continuous mutation. The vaccine strain A/Victoria/2570/2019（H1N1） still provides protection to the population. It is necessary to continue strengthening drug resistance monitoring,timely grasp the genetic characteristics of influenza viruses,and carry out scientific prevention and control.

Key words: Influenza A H1N1, Whole genome sequencing, Homology analysis, Phylogenetic tree, Amino acid mutation site

中图分类号:

陈诗瑶, 孙怡华, 魏叶, 陈璐, 李莉, 季霄雷. 5起流感暴发疫情的病原学分子特征分析. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(7): 893-898.

CHEN Shiyao, SUN Yihua, WEI Ye, CHEN Lu, LI Li, JI Xiaolei. Analysis of molecular characteristics of the pathogen causing 5 influenza outbreaks. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(7): 893-898.

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