肾内科护士职业紧张反应与职业偏差行为在角色超载和心理健康素养间的中介作用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析肾内科护士职业紧张反应与职业偏差行为在角色超载与心理健康素养间的中介作用,为提升医务人员心理健康素养提供策略。方法 2023年12月—2024年1月便利选取南充市9所三级综合医院401名肾内科护士作为本次研究的调查对象,采取一般资料调查表、角色超载量表、职业紧张反应量表、职业偏差行为量表、心理健康素养量表对其进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 401名肾内科护士角色超载得分为（17.78±4.30）分,职业紧张反应得分为（44.06±7.72）分,职业偏差行为得分为（78.10±14.72）分,心理健康素养得分为（126.03±18.03）分。不同年龄、工作年限、受教育程度、自评自我健康状况的肾内科护士角色超载得分比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;不同年龄、工作年限、受教育程度、周夜班次数、自评自我健康状况的肾内科护士职业紧张反应得分比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;不同年龄、工作年限、受教育程度、自评自我健康状况的肾内科护士职业偏差行为得分比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;不同性别、年龄、工作年限、周夜班次数、自评自我健康状况的肾内科护士心理健康素养得分比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。心理健康素养得分与角色超载得分、职业紧张反应、职业偏差行为得分均呈负相关（均r<0,均P<0.01）。通过Mplus 8.0所构建的中介模型,发现角色超载对心理健康素养的直接效应显著（β=-0.377,P<0.01）,同时角色超载还可通过3条路径的间接作用影响心理健康素养,包括职业紧张反应的独立中介作用（β=0.404,P<0.01）、职业偏差行为的独立中介作用（β=0.064,P<0.01）、职业紧张反应与职业偏差行为的链式中介作用（β=0.068,P<0.01）,占总效应的7.5%,总中介效应值为0.533,占总效应的58.6%。结论 401名肾内科护士职业紧张反应、职业偏差行为在角色超载与心理健康素养之间起中介作用,通过降低肾内科护士职业紧张反应水平、减少职业偏差行为,可以促进肾内科护士的心理健康素养的提升。

关键词: 肾内科护士, 职业紧张反应, 角色超载, 职业偏差行为, 心理健康素养, 中介作用

Abstract: Objective To explore the mediating effects of occupational stress response and occupational deviant behavior on role overload and mental health literacy among nurses in the nephrology department,and to provide strategies for improving the mental health literacy of medical staff. Methods From December 2023 to January 2024,401 nephrology nurses from 9 tertiary general hospitals in Nanchong City were selected as the subjects by convenience sampling method. The general information questionnaire,role overload scale,occupational stress response scale,occupational deviation behavior scale and mental health literacy scale were used to conduct a questionnaire survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of role overload,occupational stress response,occupational deviation behavior and mental health literacy among 401 nephrology nurses were （17.78±4.30）,（44.06±7.72）,（78.10±14.72） and （126.03±18.03）points,respectively. The comparison of role overload scores among nephrology nurses of different ages,working years,education levels,and self-rated health status showed statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in occupational stress response scores among nephrology nurses with different ages,working years,education level,weekly night shift times and self-rated health status（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in occupational deviant behavior scores among nephrology nurses with different ages,working years,education level and self-rated health status（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of mental health literacy among nephrology nurses with different gender,age,working years,weekly night shift times and self-rated health status（all P<0.05）. The scores of mental health literacy were negatively correlated with the scores of role overload,occupational stress response and occupational deviant behavior（all P<0.01）. According to the mediation model constructed by Mplus 8.0,it was found that role overload had a significant direct effect on mental health literacy（β=-0.377,P<0.01）,and role overload could also indirectly affect mental health literacy through three pathways,including the independent mediating effect of occupational stress response（β=0.404,P<0.01）,the independent mediating effect of occupational deviant behavior（β=0.064,P<0.01）,and the chain mediating effect of occupational stress response and occupational deviant behavior（β=0.068,P<0.01）,accounting for 7.5% of the total effect,with a total mediating effect value of 0.533,accounting for 58.6% of the total effect. Conclusion The occupational stress response and occupational deviant behavior of 401 nephrology nurses play an intermediary role between role overload and mental health literacy. Reducing occupational stress response level and occupational deviant behavior can promote the improvement of mental health literacy of nephrology nurses.

Key words: Nephrology nurses, Occupational stress reaction, Role overload, Occupational deviation behavior, Mental health literacy, Mediating effect

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺1

李莉, 刘冬梅, 何敏, 何莉, 杨银燕, 王霞. 肾内科护士职业紧张反应与职业偏差行为在角色超载和心理健康素养间的中介作用. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(7): 924-929.

LI Li, LIU Dongmei, HE Ming, HE Li, YANG Yinyan, WANG Xia. Mediating effect of occupational stress response and occupational deviant behavior on role overload and mental health literacy in nephrology nurses. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(7): 924-929.

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