北京市某污水处理厂磷化氢暴露职业健康风险评估

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 1168-1172.

北京市某污水处理厂磷化氢暴露职业健康风险评估

王陆阳^a, 毕明丽^a, 王晓舜^a, 张晓军^b, 赵旭鹏^b, 丁晓文^a

北京市化工职业病防治院a职业健康研究所,b职业卫生室,北京 100093

收稿日期:2024-08-06 修回日期:2024-08-21 出版日期:2025-05-01 发布日期:2025-12-12
通信作者: 丁晓文,研究员,E-mail：dxwen1124@163.com
作者简介:王陆阳,男,工程师,主要从事职业卫生研究相关工作。
基金资助:
首都卫生发展科研专项（首发2024-2-3103）; 国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室开放课题（KLECDH2023030201）

Occupational health risk assessment of phosphine exposure in a sewage treatment plant in Beijing

WANG Luyang^a, BI Mingli^a, WANG Xiaoshun^a, ZHANG Xiaojun^b, ZHAO Xupeng^b, DING Xiaowen^a

a Institute of Occupational Health,b Occupational Health Unit,Beijing Chemical Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute

Received:2024-08-06 Revised:2024-08-21 Online:2025-05-01 Published:2025-12-12
Contact: Correspondence author：DING Xiaowen,Researcher,E-mail：dxwen1124@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的评估北京市2个污水处理厂巡检作业人员磷化氢暴露的职业健康风险,为进一步减少磷化氢暴露风险提供建议。方法 2023年4和6月选取北京市某两座污水处理厂（A、B）涉磷化氢的作业人员为调查对象,在企业正常生产阶段,采用现场采样法测量磷化氢浓度,结合暴露时间、频次、年限等因素,采用环境保护局（environmental protection agency,EPA）吸入非癌症风险模型和职业病危害作业分级法,评估A、B两厂工人磷化氢职业健康风险。结果 A厂的污水处理运行工、污泥浓缩脱水运行工和污泥硝化运行工3个工种磷化氢暴露非癌症风险指标（hazard quotient,HQ）分别为40.65、15.84和3.45;B厂污水处理运行工磷化氢非癌症风险指标HQ为8.9;A、B两厂巡检作业磷化氢非癌症风险指标均大于1;A、B两厂属于相对无害作业（0级）。结论城市污水处理厂磷化氢职业健康风险高,应进一步采取工程技术和职业健康管理综合措施降低磷化氢职业暴露健康风险。

关键词: 污水处理厂, 磷化氢, 健康风险评估, 职业健康

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the occupational health risks of phosphine exposure in inspection workers of two sewage treatment plants in Beijing,and provide suggestions for further reducing the risk of phosphine exposure. Methods Operators involved in phosphine in two sewage treatment plants（A and B） in Beijing were selected as the study subjects. In April and June 2023,on-site sampling method was used to measure phosphine concentration in the normal production stage of the enterprises. Combined with exposure time,frequency,years and other factors,the environmental protection agency（EPA） inhalation non-cancer risk model and occupational hazard classification method were used to evaluate the occupational health risks of phosphine among workers in plants A and B. Results The non-cancer hazard quotient（HQ） of phosphine exposure for sewage treatment operator, sludge thickening dewatering operator and sludge nitrification operator in plant A were 40.65,15.84 and 3.45,respectively. B plant wastewater treatment operator phosphine non-cancer HQ was 8.9. The non-cancer risk indicators of phosphine in inspection operations of both plants A and B were greater than 1. Plants A and B were relatively harmless operations（level 0）. Conclusion The occupational health risks associated with phosphine are high in urban sewage treatment plants,and further comprehensive measures of engineering technology and occupational health management practices should be taken to reduce occupational exposure health risks of phosphine.

Key words: Sewage treatment plant, Phosphine, Health risk assessment, Occupational health

中图分类号:

R134

王陆阳, 毕明丽, 王晓舜, 张晓军, 赵旭鹏, 丁晓文. 北京市某污水处理厂磷化氢暴露职业健康风险评估. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(9): 1168-1172.

WANG Luyang, BI Mingli, WANG Xiaoshun, ZHANG Xiaojun, ZHAO Xupeng, DING Xiaowen. Occupational health risk assessment of phosphine exposure in a sewage treatment plant in Beijing. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(9): 1168-1172.

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