职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 139-144.

• 综述 • 上一篇    

浅层X射线治疗患者防护问题及应对策略

顾浩琰1,2, 姜雯雯1,2, 于润秋2, 冯泽臣2, 白斌2, 马永忠1,2()   

  1. 1.首都医科大学,北京 100069
    2.北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京 100013
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-29 修回日期:2025-12-19 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-02-03
  • 通信作者: 马永忠,E-mail:myz0905@126.com
  • 作者简介:顾浩琰,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为放射防护、辐射监测与健康风险。
  • 基金资助:
    首都卫生发展科研专项项目(首发2024-02-30119)

Patient protection issues and countermeasures in superficial X-ray radiotherapy

GU Haoyan1,2, JIANG Wenwen1,2, YU Runqiu2, FENG Zechen2, BAI Bin2, MA Yongzhong1,2()   

  1. 1. Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China
    2. Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China
  • Received:2025-11-29 Revised:2025-12-19 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-02-03

摘要:

浅层X射线治疗(superficial X-ray radiotherapy,SXRT)是一种广泛应用于皮肤疾病治疗的放射治疗技术,目前临床上主要针对皮肤癌、病理性瘢痕、血管瘤、神经性皮炎等浅表性皮肤病变。近年来,其应用范围逐步扩大,伴随而来的患者辐射风险也日益受到关注。SXRT临床应用及其在患者防护中存在的问题非常突出,主要表现在接受浅层X射线治疗患者较高比例趋于年轻化且继发放射损伤风险高、临床上对浅层治疗患者的靶外防护不到位或缺失、SXRT实际治疗操作中缺乏针对特殊人群治疗照射的甄别法则和个体化防护策略。本文综述了建立标准化放射防护措施与操作流程,同时指出实地掌握浅层X射线治疗患者靶外关键组织器官受照剂量水平及其分布,建立SXRT患者防护技术平台,是SXRT患者防护亟待解决的实际问题,为制定完善的SXRT患者防护规范提供思路与依据。

关键词: 浅层X射线治疗, 患者防护, 辐射风险, 放射防护, 放射损伤, 靶外防护

Abstract:

Superficial X-ray radiotherapy(SXRT) is a radiotherapy technique widely used in the treatment of dermatological conditions, and it is currently primarily employed in clinical settings for superficial skin lesions such as skin cancer,pathological scars,hemangiomas and neurodermatitis. In recent years,its application scope has gradually expanded,and the accompanying radiation risks for patients have also received increasing attention. The clinical application of SXRT and the problems it poses in patient protection are particularly prominent,this is mainly manifested in the fact that a higher proportion of patients receiving SXRT tend to be younger,and the risk of secondary radiation injury is high;Clinically,the protection outside target lesion for patients undergoing SXRT is not properly implemented or even absent;In the actual treatment operation of SXRT,there is a lack of identification rules and individualized protection strategies for SXRT of special population. This article summarizes the establishment of standardized radiation protection measures and operational norms,and points out that on-site measurement of the radiation dose levels and distribution of key tissues outside target lesion of patients undergoing SXRT,as well as the establishment of a SXRT patient protection technical platform,are the practical problems that urgently need to be solved in SXRT patient protection,providing ideas and basis for formulating complete SXRT patient protection norms.

Key words: Superficial X-ray radiotherapy, Patient protection, Radiation risk, Radiation protection, Radiation injury, Protection outside target lesion

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