职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 1392-1397.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

上海市远郊社区老年居民慢性病患病情况及共病模式分析

史东文1, 李瑶2, 王芳1   

  1. 1 上海市金山区漕泾镇社区卫生服务中心上海 201507
    2 上海市金山区山阳镇社区卫生服务中心上海 201508
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-28 修回日期:2025-09-05 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-06-02
  • 作者简介:史东文,男,主治医师,主要从事健康教育与健康促进工作。

Analysis of chronic disease condition and comorbidity pattern among elderly residents in a community in outer suburbs of Shanghai City

SHI Dongwen1, LI Yao2, WANG Fang1   

  1. 1 Caojing Town Community Health Service Center of Jinshan DistrictShanghai 201507, China
    2 Shanyang Town Community Health Service Center of Jinshan DistrictShanghai 201508, China
  • Received:2025-08-28 Revised:2025-09-05 Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-06-02

摘要:

目的 了解上海市远郊老年人群慢性病共病情况和共病模式,探索慢性病共病间的关联,为上海市远郊老年居民慢性病筛查、防控及慢性病共病管理提供数据支撑。方法 利用2024年上海市远郊≥60岁老年人免费健康检查数据,纳入超重肥胖、高血压、高血糖、高血脂、冠心病、脑卒中、慢性肾炎和高尿酸血症8种慢性病。运用Apriori算法进行共病模式关联性分析,探索老年人群慢性病共病模式及慢性病之间的关联性及关联强度。结果 在18 930名研究对象中,慢性病患病率为81.18%,慢性病共病率为65.36%。城镇居民共病率(70.24%)高于农村居民(58.29%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=288.259,P<0.01)。二元共病患病率为21.35%,患病率居前3位的分别是超重肥胖+高血压(1 025例,占5.41%)、超重肥胖+高血脂(1 025例,占5.41%)、高血压+冠心病(837例,占4.42%)。三元共病患病率为14.57%,患病率居前3位的分别为超重肥胖+高血压+脑卒中(1 071例,占5.66%)、超重肥胖+高血脂+冠心病(712例,占3.76%)、高血压+脑卒中+高血糖(432例,占2.28%)。关联规则分析显示,本次研究纳入的8种慢性病指向高血压、脑卒中的关联居多,按置信度排序,最常见的二元共病模式为脑卒中+高血压,三元共病模式为脑卒中+高血压+超重肥胖。60~<70岁和70~<80岁老年人群关联规则均多于≥80岁老年人群;城镇老年居民慢性病共病关联规则较农村老年居民复杂。结论 上海市远郊4个社区老年居民慢性病及共病情况不容乐观,应加强家庭医生对老年慢性病及共病患者综合管理,深化各街镇健康自我管理小组工作,细化辖区各医疗系统对老年人群开展健康教育及健康促进干预工作,切实提升居民慢性病及共病认知,促进老年居民健康行为,延长居民健康寿命,提高老年人群慢性病及共病患者的生活质量。

关键词: 老年人, 慢性病, 共病模式, 关联规则, Apriori算法

Abstract:

Objective To understand the chronic comorbidity conditions and mode of the elderly in the suburbs of Shanghai City,explore the association between chronic comorbid diseases,and provide data support for chronic disease screening,prevention and control and management of chronic disease comorbidity for the elderly residents in the suburbs of Shanghai City. Methods Using the data of free health examination of the elderly over 60 years old in the outer suburbs of Shanghai City in 2024,eight chronic diseases were included,including overweight and obesity,hypertension,hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia,coronary heart disease,stroke,chronic nephritis and high uric acid.The Apriori algorithm was used to conduct the correlation analysis of comorbidity patterns,to explore the association and strength of association between chronic diseases in the elderly population. Results Among the 18 930 subjects,the prevalence of chronic disease was 81.18% and chronic comorbidity rate was 65.36%.The prevalence of urban residents(70.24%) was higher than that of rural residents(58.29%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=288.259,P<0.01).The prevalence of binary comorbidity was 21.35%,and the top three were overweight and obesity and hypertension(1 025 cases,5.41%),overweight and obesity and hyperlipidemia(1 025 cases,5.41%),hypertension and coronary heart disease(837 cases,4.42%).The prevalence of ternary comorbidity was 14.57%,and the top three patients were overweight and obesity and hypertension and stroke(1 071 cases,5.66%),overweight and obesity and hyperlipemia and coronary heart disease(712 cases,3.76%),and hypertension and stroke and hyperglycemia(432 cases,2.28%).The association rule analysis showed that most of the eight chronic diseases included in this study were mostly associated with hypertension and stroke.In order of confidence,the most common binary comorbidity pattern was stroke and hypertension,and the ternary comorbidity pattern was stroke and hypertension and overweight and obesity.The association rules of the elderly population aged 60-<70 and 70-<80 were higher than those of the elderly population aged≥80. The chronic comorbidity of urban elderly residents was more complicated than that of rural elderly residents. Conclusions The situation of chronic diseases and comorbidities among elderly residents in four remote communities in Shanghai City is not optimistic. It is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive management of elderly patients with chronic diseases and comorbidities by family doctors,deepen the work of health self-management groups in various streets and towns,refine the health education and health promotion interventions for the elderly population in various medical systems within our jurisdiction,effectively enhance residents' awareness of chronic diseases and comorbidities,promote healthy behaviors among elderly residents,prolong residents healthy lifespan,and improve the quality of life of elderly patients with chronic diseases and comorbidities.

Key words: The elderly, Chronic disease, Comorbidity pattern, Association rules, Apriori algorithm

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