职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1597-1601.

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020—2024年南宁市锂离子电池制造业劳动者职业健康状况分析

李珏, 黄菊, 王芸芸, 覃念虚, 卢静梅()   

  1. 南宁市疾病预防控制中心广西 南宁 530023
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-11 修回日期:2025-08-10 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 通信作者: 卢静梅,E-mail:1304035629@qq.com
  • 作者简介:李珏,女,主治医师,主要从事职业卫生工作。

Analysis on occupational health status of workers in lithium-ion battery manufacturing industry in Nanning City from 2020 to 2024

LI Jue, HUANG Ju, WANG Yunyun, QIN Nianxu, LU Jingmei()   

  1. Nanning Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanningGuangxi 530023, China
  • Received:2025-03-11 Revised:2025-08-10 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-18
  • Contact: LU Jingmei,E-mail:1304035629@qq.com

摘要:

目的 分析2020—2024年南宁市锂离子电池制造业劳动者的职业健康检查数据,为制定符合地区及行业特点的职业卫生法规和标准提供依据,同时探讨主要职业病危害因素对劳动者健康的影响,并提出防制措施。方法 收集2020—2024年南宁市锂离子电池制造业劳动者的职业健康检查资料,并对数据进行分析。结果 2020—2024年南宁市锂离子电池制造业劳动者人数逐年上升,2023年和2024年增长显著,受检人数从104例跃升至4 684例(增长44倍),覆盖企业由1家增至5家。近5年未发现职业病及疑似职业病病例,但2023年和2024年发现噪声及粉尘禁忌证,职业禁忌证累计检出57例(占职业禁忌证总数98.3%),其中2023年集中暴发42例;粉尘相关禁忌证仅1例(2023年检出),以噪声为主,且呈递增趋势,主要集中于男性、青壮年劳动者及大中型企业,工龄均<5年。接触噪声劳动者中职业健康检查结果显示,高频听力损失检出率为 10.48%(454/4 333),不同年龄、工龄、性别的企业员工的高频听力损失率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=52.349、19.74、43.591,均 P<0.01),高频听力损失检出率随员工年龄、工龄的变化呈现趋势性变化,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=52.349、19.740,均 P<0.01)。接触粉尘作业劳动者职业检查结果显示,肺功能异常检出率为4.18%(127/3 037),不同年龄、工龄、性别、企业规模的企业员工的肺功能异常检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=1.251、10.171、9.204、5.397,均P<0.05),肺功能异常率随员工年龄、性别的变化呈现趋势性变化,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=10.171、9.204,均P<0.05)。结论 2020—2024年南宁市锂离子电池制造业劳动者的职业健康状况需加强保护,特别是对接触噪声劳动者进行重点防护。建议通过规范职业健康检查,精准识别和早期预防职业病,以保障劳动者健康。

关键词: 锂离子电池制造业, 职业病危害因素, 职业健康检查, 职业病防治, 防制措施

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the occupational health examination data of workers in the lithium-ion battery manufacturing industry in Nanning City from 2020 to 2024,provide a basis for formulating occupational health regulations and standards tailored to regional and industry characteristics,additionally,to explorethe impact of major occupational hazard factors on workers' health and propose preventive measures. Methods The occupational health examination data of workers in the lithium-ion battery manufacturing industry in Nanning City from 2020 to 2024 were collected,and the data were analyzed. Results From 2020 to 2024,the number of workers in the lithium-ion battery manufacturing industry in Nanning City increased annually,with significant growth in 2023 and 2024. The number of workers undergoing health examination has jumped from 104 cases to 4 684 cases (a 44 fold increase),and the enterprises has increased from one to five. No cases of occupational diseases or suspected occupational diseases were detected in the past five years.However,noise- and dust-related contraindications were identified in 2023 and 2024. A total of 57 cases of occupational contraindications have been detected(accounting for 98.3% of the total number of occupational contraindications),including 42 concentrated outbreaks in 2023. There was only one dust-related contraindication(detected in 2023),and the cases were primarily noise-related contraindications,showing an increasing trend.These cases were mainly concentrated among male,young and middle-aged workers in large enterprises,with less than five years of work experience. The occupational health examination results of workers exposed to noise showed that the detection rate of high-frequency hearing loss was 10.48%(454/4 333). There were statistically significant differences in the rate of high-frequency hearing loss among workers of different age,length of service and gender(χ2=52.349,19.74,43.591,all P<0.01). The detection rate of high-frequency hearing loss showed a trend change with the age and length of service of workers,and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=52.349,19.740,both P<0.01).The occupational health examination results of workers exposed to dust showed that the detection rate of abnormal lung function was 4.18%(127/3 037). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of abnormal lung function among workers of different age,length of service,gender and company size(χ2=1.251,10.171,9.204,5.397,all P<0.01). The detection rate of abnormal lung function showed a trend change with the age and gender of workers,and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=10.171,9.204,both P<0.01). Conclusions The occupational health status of workers in the lithium-ion battery manufacturing industry in Nanning City from 2020 to 2024 requires enhanced protection,particularly for those exposed to noise. The standardize occupational health examinations,accurately identification and prevention of occupational diseases at an early stage are recommended,to safeguard workers' health.

Key words: Lithium-ion battery manufacturing industry, Occupational hazard factors, Occupational health examination, Occupational disease prevention and control, Preventive measures

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