贵州省3家三级甲等医院手术室护士职业性下肢静脉曲张知信行现状及影响因素分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解贵州省3家三级甲等医院手术室护士在职业性下肢静脉曲张知信行方面的现状，并分析影响知、信、行的各种因素，为今后有针对性地制定干预策略，减少手术室护士下肢静脉曲张发病率提供依据。方法 2024年12月—2025年1月，使用便利抽样法，并结合一般资料调查表和职业性下肢静脉曲张知信行量表，对贵州省3家三级甲等医院的236名手术室护士进行调查，并对数据进行分析。结果 236名手术室护士的知识得分为（77.43±7.02）分，态度得分为（30.15±7.05）分，行为得分为（24.25±8.69）分。月收入（t=1.482）、学历（F=5.886）、工作年限（F=9.377）均是手术室护士职业下肢静脉曲张的知识维度影响因素（均P<0.05）；年龄（F=3.668）、工作年限（F=12.244）、是否参加预防运动（t=2.861）均是手术室护士职业下肢静脉曲张的态度的影响因素（均P<0.05）；性别（t=2.753）、是否参加预防运动（t=0.459）均是手术室护士职业下肢静脉曲张的行为维度的影响因素（均P<0.05）。结论贵州省3家手术室236名护士对职业性下肢静脉曲张的知识较为丰富，但态度、行为方面有待提高。护理管理者应针对手术室护士职业性下肢静脉曲张发生的因素，制定个性化培训方案，加强对他们的培训工作，积极促使护士规范实施，以预防手术室护士职业性下肢静脉曲张。

关键词: 手术室, 护士, 职业病, 下肢静脉曲张, 影响因素, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To understand the status of knowledge，belief，practice of occupational lower extremity varicose vein among operating room nurses in three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guizhou Province，analyze various factors that affect knowledge，belief，practice，and provide basis for formulating targeted intervention strategies in the future and reducing the incidence rate of varicose veins in lower limbs of nurses in the operating room. Methods Between December 2024 and January 2025，a survey of 236 operating room nurses in three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guizhou Province was performed using the convenience sampling method combined with a general information questionnaire and the knowledge，belief，practice scale of occupational lower extremity varicose vein，and the data were analyzed. Results The knowledge score of 236 operating room nurses was （77.43±7.02） points，the attitude score was （30.15±7.05）points，and the behavior score was （24.25±8.69）points. The monthly income（t=1.482），educational attainment（F=5.886），and years of work experience（F=9.377） were the influencing factors of knowledge dimension of occupational lower extremity varicose vein among operating room nurses. The age（F=3.668），years of work experience（F=12.244），and engagement in preventive exercises（t=2.861） were the influencing factors of attitude dimension of occupational lower extremity varicose vein among operating room nurses. The sex（t=2.753） and engagement in preventive exercises（t=0.459） were the influencing factors of practice dimension of occupational lower extremity varicose vein among operating room nurses. Conclusions The knowledge of 236 occupational lower extremity varicose vein among operating room nurses in three hospitals in Guizhou Province is more abundant，but attitudes and practice need to be improved.Nursing managers should develop individualized training programs based on factors contributing to occupational lower limb varicose veins among operating room nurses，strengthen their training and actively promote standardized implementation among nurses，so as to prevent the occupational lower extremity varicose veins among operating room nurses.

Key words: Operating room, Nurses, Occupational disease, Varicose veins of the lower extremities, Influencing factors, Nursing

中图分类号:

R192.6

丁晨, 黄煜疆, 唐江英, 李南飞, 杨政宇, 钱思思. 贵州省3家三级甲等医院手术室护士职业性下肢静脉曲张知信行现状及影响因素分析. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(12): 1637-1641.

DING Chen, HUANG Yujiang, TANG Jiangying, LI Nanfei, YANG Zhengyu, QIAN Sisi. Analysis on current status and influencing factors of knowledge，belief，practice of occupational lower extremity varicose vein among operating room nurses in three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guizhou Province. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(12): 1637-1641.

图/表 3

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项目	人数	知识	态度	行为
年龄（岁）
22~<30	109	79.21±7.05	28.90±6.27	24.17±9.51
30~<35	88	77.02±6.61	30.37±7.35	24.13±7.67
≥35	39	73.38±6.11	32.49±7.37	24.77±8.64
F值		10.994	3.668	0.083
P		>0.05	<0.05	>0.05
性别
男	74	79.39±7.32	29.93±8.03	23.13±8.11
女	162	76.54±6.71	30.28±6.57	26.70±9.43
t值		2.796	-0.099	2.753
P		>0.05	>0.05	<0.05
学历
大专	62	76.71±8.01	30.64±6.67	24.60±9.05
本科	133	77.82±6.55	29.74±7.23	24.56±8.67
硕士	41	78.27±6.98	30.88±7.07	22.73±8.23
F值		5.886	0.757	0.540
P		<0.05	>0.05	>0.05
临床护理工作年限（年）
0~<5	28	76.72±6.86	28.79±6.55	18.32±6.78
5~<10	163	78.76±6.39	30.45±6.89	28.20±8.54
≥10	45	82.64±6.93	32.02±7.91	24.18±8.47
F值		9.377	12.244	0.675
P		<0.05	<0.05	>0.05
聘用形式
合同制	125	77.35±7.06	30.67±5.84	24.02±9.16
人事代理	67	78.31±5.94	29.60±7.70	23.79±7.25
正式编制	44	76.17±7.07	29.61±6.52	25.76±9.48
F值		0.674	0.566	1.225
P		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
婚姻状况
已婚	202	77.60±5.86	29.87±7.09	24.24±8.55
未婚/离异	34	76.41±7.86	31.97±6.61	24.29±9.61
t值		0.426	0.718	0.275
P		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
职称
初级	114	77.05±7.22	30.52±5.49	25.65±9.15
中级	122	77.79±6.84	29.84±6.43	22.94±8.06
t值		2.416	0.733	-0.802
P		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
月收入（元）
0~<10 000	100	76.85±7.12	30.63±5.13	25.21±9.73
≥10 000	136	78.22±6.84	29.83±5.83	23.54±7.80
t值		1.482	0.861	0.459
P		<0.05	>0.05	>0.05
是否参加预防运动
是	74	77.69±7.32	32.02±6.85	25.32±8.37
否	162	78.22±6.84	28.49±7.87	28.49±7.49
t值		0.819	2.861	0.459
P		>0.05	<0.05	<0.05

项目	人数	知识	态度	行为
年龄（岁）
22~<30	109	79.21±7.05	28.90±6.27	24.17±9.51
30~<35	88	77.02±6.61	30.37±7.35	24.13±7.67
≥35	39	73.38±6.11	32.49±7.37	24.77±8.64
F值		10.994	3.668	0.083
P		>0.05	<0.05	>0.05
性别
男	74	79.39±7.32	29.93±8.03	23.13±8.11
女	162	76.54±6.71	30.28±6.57	26.70±9.43
t值		2.796	-0.099	2.753
P		>0.05	>0.05	<0.05
学历
大专	62	76.71±8.01	30.64±6.67	24.60±9.05
本科	133	77.82±6.55	29.74±7.23	24.56±8.67
硕士	41	78.27±6.98	30.88±7.07	22.73±8.23
F值		5.886	0.757	0.540
P		<0.05	>0.05	>0.05
临床护理工作年限（年）
0~<5	28	76.72±6.86	28.79±6.55	18.32±6.78
5~<10	163	78.76±6.39	30.45±6.89	28.20±8.54
≥10	45	82.64±6.93	32.02±7.91	24.18±8.47
F值		9.377	12.244	0.675
P		<0.05	<0.05	>0.05
聘用形式
合同制	125	77.35±7.06	30.67±5.84	24.02±9.16
人事代理	67	78.31±5.94	29.60±7.70	23.79±7.25
正式编制	44	76.17±7.07	29.61±6.52	25.76±9.48
F值		0.674	0.566	1.225
P		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
婚姻状况
已婚	202	77.60±5.86	29.87±7.09	24.24±8.55
未婚/离异	34	76.41±7.86	31.97±6.61	24.29±9.61
t值		0.426	0.718	0.275
P		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
职称
初级	114	77.05±7.22	30.52±5.49	25.65±9.15
中级	122	77.79±6.84	29.84±6.43	22.94±8.06
t值		2.416	0.733	-0.802
P		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
月收入（元）
0~<10 000	100	76.85±7.12	30.63±5.13	25.21±9.73
≥10 000	136	78.22±6.84	29.83±5.83	23.54±7.80
t值		1.482	0.861	0.459
P		<0.05	>0.05	>0.05
是否参加预防运动
是	74	77.69±7.32	32.02±6.85	25.32±8.37
否	162	78.22±6.84	28.49±7.87	28.49±7.49
t值		0.819	2.861	0.459
P		>0.05	<0.05	<0.05

自变量	赋值情况
年龄（岁）	22~<30=1；30~<35=2；≥35=2
性别	男=1；女=2
月收入（元）	0~<10 000=1；≥10 000=2
学历	大专=1；本科=2；硕士=3
工作年限（年）	0~<5=1；5~<10=2；≥10=3
是否参加预防运动	是=1；否=2

自变量	赋值情况
年龄（岁）	22~<30=1；30~<35=2；≥35=2
性别	男=1；女=2
月收入（元）	0~<10 000=1；≥10 000=2
学历	大专=1；本科=2；硕士=3
工作年限（年）	0~<5=1；5~<10=2；≥10=3
是否参加预防运动	是=1；否=2

因变量	自变量	回归系数	$s_{\bar{x}}$	标准化回归系数	t值	P
知识^a	月收入	1.818	0.916	0.128	1.984	<0.01
	学历	0.196	0.685	0.018	0.287	<0.01
	工作年限	2.690	0.823	0.212	3.270	<0.01
	常量	85.496	2.847		30.026	<0.01
态度^b	年龄	0.528	0.627	0.055	2.843	<0.01
	工作年限	0.418	0.834	0.033	1.501	<0.01
	是否参加预防运动	0.395	1.001	0.026	0.384	<0.01
	常量	28.405	2.045		13.891	<0.01
行为^c	性别	0.559	1.051	0.037	0.532	<0.01
	是否参加预防运动	0.647	2.122	0.043	0.615	<0.01
	常量	28.377	2.622		10.822	<0.01