职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1691-1696.

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020—2024年沧州市疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

宋天姣1,2, 冯晶晶1, 杨雨利1, 杨永胜1, 黄蓉1, 张天哲2()   

  1. 1 沧州市疾病预防控制中心河北 沧州 061001
    2 华北理工大学河北 唐山 063200
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-21 修回日期:2025-08-12 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 通信作者: 张天哲,E-mail:tianzhezhang@sina.com
  • 作者简介:宋天姣,女,主管医师,主要从事免疫规划与疾病预防控制工作。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学研究课题计划资助(20241420)

Analysis on surveillance of adverse event following immunization in Cangzhou City from 2020 to 2024

SONG Tianjiao1,2, FENG Jingjing1, YANG Yuli1, YANG Yongsheng1, HUANG Rong1, ZHANG Tianzhe2()   

  1. 1 Cangzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionCangzhouHebei 061001, China
    2 North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanHebei 063200, China
  • Received:2025-04-21 Revised:2025-08-12 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-18
  • Contact: ZHANG Tianzhe,E-mail:tianzhezhang@sina.com

摘要:

目的 分析沧州市疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization, AEFI)监测情况,评价预防接种安全性,为规范预防接种提供科学依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统和沧州市免疫规划信息管理系统收集AEFI监测数据及疫苗接种剂次,采用描述流行病学方法分析AEFI分布特征。结果 2020—2024年沧州市共报告AEFI个案7 780例,年均报告发生率为59.77/10万剂,各年份AEFI报告发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=301.584,P<0.01)。AEFI个案以一般反应为主,占99.15%,主要为发热、红肿、硬结,异常反应占0.73%。男女性别比为1 ∶ 0.84,年龄主要集中在0~<7岁(92.74%),报告时间集中在第2、3季度(55.10%),AEFI病例发生集中在接种后1 d内(92.34%),99.74%的病例已经好转或痊愈。在发生AEFI报告的34种疫苗中,报告发生数占比最高的前3种疫苗为无细胞百白破联合疫苗(42.74%)、麻疹类疫苗(9.63%)和白喉破伤风联合疫苗(8.06%),报告发生率最高的前3种疫苗为带状疱疹疫苗(354.02/10万剂)、无细胞百白破联合疫苗(332.90/10万剂)和白喉破伤风联合疫苗(131.25/10万剂),5年中报告病例数最多和报告发生率最高的均为2024年2 860例和75.66/10万剂。结论 2020—2024年沧州市AEFI监测系统运转正常,预防接种安全性良好。

关键词: 疑似预防接种异常反应, 疫苗, 监测, 发生率, 安全性, 预防接种

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the surveillance status of adverse events following immunization(AEFI) in Cangzhou City from 2020 to 2024,evaluate the safety of vaccination,and provide scientific evidence for standardized vaccination. Methods AEFI surveillance data and vaccination doses were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the Cangzhou City Immunization Program Information Management System. The distribution characteristics of AEFI were analyzed through descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 7 780 AEFI cases were reported in Cangzhou City from 2020 to 2024,with an average annual reporting incidence rate of 59.77/100 000 doses. There was a statistically significant difference in the reporting incidence rate of AEFI among different years(χ2=301.584,P<0.01). The majority of AEFI cases were general reactions(99.15%),mainly including fever,redness,and swelling. The abnormal reactions accounted for 0.73%. The male-to-female ratio was 1:0.84,and the age was mainly concentrated in 0-<7 years old(92.74%). The reporting time was mainly in the second and third quarters(55.10%),and AEFI cases occurred mainly within 1 day after vaccination(92.34%). 99.74% of the cases had improved or recovered. Among the 34 vaccines with AEFI reports,the top three vaccines with the highest reported incidence were diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine(42.74%),measles vaccines(9.63%),and diphtheria-tetanus vaccine(8.06%). The top three vaccines with the highest reporting incidence rates were herpes zoster vaccine(354.02/100 000 doses),diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine(332.90/100 000 doses),and diphtheria-tetanus vaccine(131.25/100 000 doses). The year with the highest number of reported cases and the highest incidence rate within the five years was 2024(2 860 cases,75.66/100 000 doses). Conclusion The AEFI surveillance system in Cangzhou City from 2020 to 2024 operates normally,and the safety of vaccination is good.

Key words: Adverse events following immunization, Vaccine, Surveillance, Incidence rate, Safety, Vaccination

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