职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13): 1773-1777.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

社区居民空气污染健康素养调查及干预效果研究

刘思岑, 刘志朝, 陈宝宝, 程琳, 周体操()   

  1. 陕西省疾病预防控制中心陕西 西安 710054
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-04 修回日期:2025-08-17 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-14
  • 通信作者: 周体操
  • 作者简介:周体操,E-mail:zhouticao433@163.com
    刘思岑,男,主管医师,主要从事环境卫生研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省科技资源开放共享平台项目(2016FWPT-12)

Study on air pollution health literacy and intervention effects among community residents

LIU Sicen, LIU Zhichao, CHEN Baobao, CHENG Lin, ZHOU Ticao()   

  1. Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionXi'anShaanxi 710054, China
  • Received:2025-06-04 Revised:2025-08-17 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-14
  • Contact: ZHOU Ticao

摘要:

目的 了解社区居民空气污染健康素养水平及其影响因素,评价健康防护干预效果,为针对性开展空气污染健康教育提供依据。方法 采用整群随机抽样法,于2023年11月—2024年1月选取西安市漳浒寨和等驾坡社区650名居民开展空气污染健康素养调查及健康防护干预,并对干预效果进行评价。结果 干预前,社区居民的空气污染健康素养总得分为(81.46±11.72)分,其中基本知识的得分率最高为86.7%,基本行为与技能得分率最低为75.6%。多重线性回归分析结果显示,社区居民年龄(28~<65、≥65岁,β=-3.226、-1.226)、文化程度大专和本科及以上(β=3.403)、空气污染健康活动参与频率(低频率、高频率,β=2.363、3.086)及信息获取渠道(互联网/媒体,β=7.986)均是影响健康素养的主要因素(均P<0.05)。干预后,居民的空气污染健康素养总得分明显提升(t=-23.311,P<0.05),且各维度得分均显著提高(t=-19.799,-17.293,-18.46,均P<0.05)。结论 社区居民空气污染健康素养受人口学特征及信息获取渠道的影响,健康防护干预可有效提升其防护认知与行为。需针对老年人、低文化人群优化健康教育策略,强化互联网与媒体传播。

关键词: 社区居民, 空气污染, 健康素养, 影响因素, 健康防护干预, 健康教育策略

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the health literacy level of air pollution of community residents and its influencing factors,evaluate the effect of health protection intervention,and provide evidence for targeted air pollution health education. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to investigate air pollution health literacy and health protection intervention in 650 residents of Zhanghuzhai and Dengjiapo communities in Xi'an City from November 2023 to January 2024,and the intervention effect was evaluated. Results Before intervention,the total score of air pollution health literacy of community residents was (81.46±11.72)points,in which the score rate of basic knowledge was the highest(86.7%),and the score rate of basic behavior and skill was the lowest(75.6%). The results of multiple linear regression showed that community residents aged 28-<65 and ≥65 years old(β=-3.226,-1.226),educational level of junior college and bachelor's degree or above(β=3.403),frequency of participation in air pollution health activities(low frequency,high frequency)(β=2.363,3.086),and information acquisition channels(Internet/media,β=7.986) were the main factors affecting health literacy(allP<0.05). After intervention,the total score of residents' air pollution health literacy significantly improved(t=-23.311,P<0.05),and the scores of all dimensions were significantly improved(t=-19.799, -17.293,-18.46,allP<0.05). Conclusion The air pollution health literacy of community residents is affected by demographic characteristics and information acquisition methods,and health protection intervention can effectively improve their awareness and behavior of protection. Health education strategies should be optimized for the elderly and low-culture groups,and internet and media communication should be strengthened.

Key words: Community residents, Air pollution, Health literacy, Influencing factors, Health protection intervention, Health education strategy

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